Chilichonse Chimene Muyenera Kudziwa Zokhudza Kuyesedwa kwa Coronavirus

Zamkati

• Kodi mitundu yoyeserera kwambiri ya COVID-19 ndi iti?
• Nanga bwanji za mayeso a anti-COVID-19?
• Kodi amayesa bwanji coronavirus?
• Mayeso a COVID-19 ndi olondola motani?
• Kodi zimawononga ndalama zingati kuyezetsa coronavirus?
• Zimatenga nthawi yayitali bwanji kuti upeze zotsatira za mayeso a COVID-19?
• Onaninso za

Pamene mliri wa COVID-19 ukupitilirabe, akatswiri azaumoyo agogomezera mobwerezabwereza kufunikira kwa njira yabwino yoyesera pochepetsa kufalikira kwa kachilomboka. Ngakhale mwakhala mukumva za kuyesa kwa coronavirus kwa miyezi, mwina mwina simungathe kudziwa zambiri.

Choyamba, dziwani izi: Pali mitundu ingapo yoyeserera kunja uko, ndipo pomwe ina ili yolondola kuposa ena, palibe imodzi mwangwiro. Mtundu uliwonse wamayeso a coronavirus uli ndi chinthu chake ~ chochitika, koma kupatsidwa kuti mwina sunapite ku sukulu ya zamankhwala ndipo kuti pali zosintha zatsopano pakuyesa nthawi zonse, zitha kukhala zovuta kusunga chilichonse.

Kaya mukufuna kukayezetsa COVID-19 kapena mukungofuna kuti muwerenge mayeso a coronavirus, nazi zomwe muyenera kudziwa. (Ngati muli ndi zizindikiro, werenganinso: Zomwe Muyenera Kuchita Ngati Mukuganiza Kuti Muli Ndi Coronavirus)

Kodi mitundu yoyeserera kwambiri ya COVID-19 ndi iti?

Mwambiri, pali mitundu iwiri yayikulu ya mayeso a SARS-CoV-2, kachilombo kamene kamayambitsa COVID-19. ("Diagnostic" amatanthauza kuti mayeso amagwiritsidwa ntchito kuti muwone ngati muli ndi kachilomboka.)

Mayeso onsewa amatha kuzindikira kuti ali ndi kachilombo ka COVID-19, koma ndi osiyana, malinga ndi Food and Drug Administration (FDA). A FDA amathetsa izi motere:

• PCR mayeso: Amatchedwanso mayeso a mamolekyu, mayesowa amayang'ana chibadwa cha COVID-19. Mayeso ambiri a PCR amaphatikizapo kutenga zitsanzo za wodwala ndikuzitumiza ku labu kuti zikawunikidwe.
• Mayeso a Antigen: Zomwe zimadziwikanso kuti kuyesa mwachangu, kuyesa kwa antigen kumayang'ana mapuloteni ena ake. Amaloledwa kuti azisamalira, kutanthauza kuti kuyezetsako kutha kuchitidwa ku ofesi ya dokotala, chipatala, kapena malo oyezera.

Mukapita kukaonana ndi dokotala wanu wamkulu kuti mukayesedwe, mwina mukayesedwa ndi PCR, atero Amesh A. Adalja, MD, katswiri wamkulu ku Johns Hopkins Center for Health Security. "Maofesi ena amakhala ndi mayeso a antigen," akuwonjezera. Mayeso omwe mumapatsidwa nthawi zambiri amatengera zomwe dokotala wanu ali nazo, zomwe amakonda, komanso zizindikilo zanu (ngati muli nazo). "Mayeso a antigen siwovomerezeka ndi FDA kuti ayesere pomwepo, ndipo madotolo ambiri sangayese kuyesa kwa antigen kwa munthu wopanda zisonyezo," akufotokoza Dr. Adalja.

Kuyesa kwa coronavirus kunyumba ndi njira ina. Pakati pa Novembala, FDA idavomereza kuyesa koyamba kunyumba kwa COVID-19, yotchedwa Lucira COVID-19 All-In-One Test Kit. Lucira ndi wofanana ndi kuyesa kwa PCR popeza onse amayang'ana zinthu zakuthupi kuchokera ku kachilomboka (ngakhale njira za Lucira zamagulu "zimaganiziridwa kuti sizolondola kwenikweni" kuposa mayeso a PCR, malinga ndi New York Times). Chikwamachi chimaperekedwa kudzera mwa mankhwala ndipo chimalola anthu azaka za 14 kapena kupitilira kuti adziyese kunyumba ndi chotupa cha m'mphuno. Kuchokera pamenepo, swab imayikidwa mu vial (yomwe imabweranso ndi zida), ndipo mumapeza zotsatira mkati mwa mphindi 30.

Nanga bwanji za mayeso a anti-COVID-19?

Mpaka pano, a FDA avomereza zoyesa zopitilira 50 za anti-coronavirus zomwe zitha kudziwa ngati mudatenga kachilombo ka COVID-19 poyang'ana kupezeka kwa ma antibodies - ndiko kuti, mapuloteni omwe amamangiriza ku kachilombo (pankhaniyi, COVID- 19). Komabe, a FDA akuti sizikudziwika ngati kupezeka kwa ma antibodies omangirizawa kumatanthauza chiwopsezo chochepa chotenga kachilombo ka COVID-19. Kutanthauzira: Kuyesedwa kuti muli ndi ma antibodies omanga sizikutanthauza kuti simungatengedwenso ndi COVID-19.

Sikuti mayeso onse a anti-coronavirus amazindikira zomwezo mitundu ya ma antibodies, komabe. Kuyesa kumodzi, komwe kumatchedwa cPass SARS-CoV-2 Neutralization Antibody Detection Kit, kumayang'ana ma antibodies ochepetsa mphamvu m'malo momanga ma antibodies. Ma antibodies osalowererapo ndi mapuloteni omwe amalumikizana ndi gawo linalake la tizilombo toyambitsa matenda, malinga ndi FDA. Mosiyana ndi ma antibodies omanga, ma antibodies omwe apezeka mu mayeso a COVID awa apezeka mu labu kuti achepetse matenda a virus a SARS-CoV-2 a ma cell. Mwanjira ina, ngati muli ndi ma antibodies oletsa kuphatikizika, sizingatheke kuti mutenganso COVID-19 kapena mudzakhala ndi kachilomboka, bola ma antibodies akadalipo mthupi lanu, malinga ndi ndi FDA. Kafukufuku wofalitsidwa munyuzipepala yazachipatala Kusatetezedwa akuwonetsa kuti ma antibacterial osasunthika atha kukhalabe m'thupi kwa miyezi isanu kapena isanu ndi iwiri kuchokera ku matenda a COVID-19.

Izi zati, a FDA amanenanso kuti mphamvu yoteteza ma SARS-CoV-2 mwa anthu "ikufufuzidwabe." Kutanthauza, kuyesa kukhala zilizonse mtundu wa ma antibodies a coronavirus sizitanthauza kuti ndinu omveka. (Zambiri apa: Kodi Mayeso a Positive Coronavirus Antibody Amatanthauza Chiyani Kwenikweni?)

Kodi amayesa bwanji coronavirus?

Pali kusiyanasiyana, kutengera mtundu wa mayeso omwe mukupeza. Ngati mwayezetsa antibody, muyenera kupereka magazi. Koma zinthu ndizosiyana pang'ono ndi kuyesa kwa PCR kapena kuyesa kwa antigen.

Mayeso a PCR nthawi zambiri amasonkhanitsidwa kudzera mu swab ya nasopharyngeal, yomwe imagwiritsa ntchito mawonekedwe aatali, opyapyala, ngati Q-nsonga ngati kuyesa ma cell kuchokera kuseri kwenikweni kwa ndime za m'mphuno, kapena swab ya mphuno, yomwe ili yofanana ndi swab ya nasopharyngeal koma satero. kubwerera mmbuyo. Komabe, a FDA akuti mayeso a PCR amathanso kusonkhanitsidwa pogwiritsa ntchito kupuma kwa aspirate/lavage (mwachitsanzo, kutsuka m'mphuno) kapena zitsanzo za malovu, kutengera mayeso. Kuyeza kwa antigen, kumbali inayo, nthawi zonse kumatengedwa ndi nasopharyngeal kapena nasal swab.

Nthawi zambiri, mukayezetsa kudzera pa nasopharyngeal swab, atero Dr. Adalja. "Sizabwino," akuvomereza. "Ndizosiyana kwambiri ndi kuyika chala chako pamphuno kapena kuyika Q-nsonga m'mphuno mwako." Mutha kuyamba kutuluka magazi m'mphuno pambuyo pake, ndipo anthu ena amakana kukayezetsa chifukwa chovutikacho, atero Dr. Adalja. Koma kukwiya kwakanthawi ndi mtengo wochepa wolipirira njira yomwe ikufunika kwambiri pakuchepetsa kufalikira kwa COVID-19, akutero.

Mayeso a COVID-19 ndi olondola motani?

Kuyesa kwa Coronavirus kumadalira zambiri zosiyanasiyana. Choyamba, mtundu wa mayeso oyeserera mumapeza zofunikira. "Kuyesedwa kwa PCR kumawerengedwa kuti ndi mulingo wagolide," akutero a William Schaffner, M.D., katswiri wazopatsirana komanso pulofesa ku Vanderbilt University School of Medicine. "Ngati mutenga nthawi yoyenera ndikukhala otsimikiza kapena osalimbikitsa pa imodzi mwazo, ndiye kuti muli otsimikiza kapena ayi."

Mayeso othamanga a antigen ndi osiyana pang'ono. Dr. Schaffner ananena kuti: “Amadziŵika bwino chifukwa chopereka zotsatira zabodza [kutanthauza kuti mayesowo amanena kuti mulibe kachilomboka pamene muli ndi kachilomboka]. Poganizira pafupifupi 50 peresenti ya mayeso onse a COVID antigen atha kutulutsa zotsatira zabodza, "muyenera kuwatanthauzira mosamala," akufotokoza Dr. Schaffner. Chifukwa chake, ngati posachedwa mwakumana ndi munthu yemwe ali ndi COVID-19 ndipo mumayesa kuti mulibe kachilombo koyesa kachilombo ka antigen, simuyenera kukhala otsimikiza kuti mulibe vuto kwenikweni, akutero.

Kusunga nthawi nalonso, atero katswiri wa matenda opatsirana a Debra Chew, MD, M.P.H., wothandizira pulofesa wa zamankhwala ku Rutgers New Jersey Medical School. "Ngati mukuyamba kudwala, mwina simungathe kuwonetsa chizindikiro cha ma virus pomwe mayeso angakhale abwino," akutero. "Komano, ngati mupita mochedwa kukayezetsa, mutha kukhalanso opanda kachilombo, ngakhale mutakhala ndi kachilomboka."

Mukuganiza kuti ndi chiyani, kwenikweni amatchedwa "koyambirira" kapena "mochedwa"? Kufufuza kwaposachedwa kwamaphunziro asanu ndi awiri omwe adasindikizidwa mu magazini yazachipatala Zolengeza za Mankhwala Amkati imayika nthawi yayitali motere: Kutheka kwa zotsatira zoyeserera za PCR kumatsika kuchokera ku 100% patsiku 1 mutatha kupezeka ndi 67 peresenti patsiku lachinayi. Ndipo patsiku lomwe wina amakhala ndi zizindikilo (pafupifupi, patatha masiku asanu atawonekera), kafukufukuyu adapeza kuti ali pafupifupi 38% atha kuwerengedwa zabodza. Kuthekera kumeneku kumatsika mpaka 20 peresenti patatha masiku atatu mutawonetsa zizindikiro - kutanthauza kuti zotsatira za mayeso anu a coronavirus PCR ndizotheka kukhala zolondola ngati mwayesedwa masiku asanu mpaka asanu ndi atatu mutatha kuwonekera komanso masiku atatu mutawonetsa zizindikiro, malinga ndi kusanthula.

Kwenikweni, mukadikirira nthawi yayitali, ndibwino - mwanzeru, akutero Dr. Schaffner. Ngati mukudziwa kuti mwakumana ndi munthu yemwe ali ndi COVID-19, akulimbikitsa kuti mudikire mpaka masiku asanu ndi limodzi mutatha kuyezetsa. "Anthu ambiri omwe adzatenge kachilomboko amakhalanso ndi moyo tsiku lachisanu ndi chimodzi, zisanu ndi ziwiri, kapena zisanu ndi zitatu," akufotokoza.

Kodi zimawononga ndalama zingati kuyezetsa coronavirus?

Zimatengera komwe mukupita. Ngati mungayendere malo oyesera a coronavirus, ayenera kukhala aulere, ngakhale mutakhala ndi inshuwaransi yazaumoyo, atero Dr. Adalja. Mukapita kukaonana ndi dokotala kapena dokotala wina, mayesowo ayenera kuyang'aniridwa ndi inshuwaransi (ngakhale mukuyembekezerabe kuti mudzakhale ndi ndalama zolipirira), atero a Richard Watkins, MD, omwe ndi dokotala wopatsirana ku Akron, Ohio , komanso pulofesa wa zamankhwala amkati ku Northeast Ohio Medical University. "Ngati mukukhudzidwa, mutha kuyimba nambala kumbuyo kwa khadi lanu la inshuwaransi ndikutsimikizirani," akuwonjezera Dr. Watkins. (Umu ndi momwe telemedicine ikusinthira panthawi ya mliri wa COVID-19.)

Ngati mulibe inshuwaransi yazaumoyo koma mukapita ku ofesi ya dotolo kapena kuchipatala kuti mukayezetse kachilombo ka corona, ndiye kuti mudzakhala ndi udindo wolipira nthawi yonseyi, akutero Dr. Schaffner. Izi zitha kupeza wokongola okwera mtengo kutengera komwe mukupita (ganizirani: kulikonse pakati pa $20 ndi $850 pa mayeso, ndipo izi sizikuphatikiza ndalama zina zomwe zingakhale gawo laulendo).

Ponena za komwe mungayesedwe ndi coronavirus, nawonso, malo oyesera ma coronavirus (mwachitsanzo, zipatala m'dera lanu) ndibwino kwambiri kubetcha popeza ali mfulu. CVS, Walgreens, ndi Rite Aid akugwiritsanso ntchito masamba oyeserera a COVID-19 (omwe mwina sangabwere ndi ndalama zotuluka m'thumba, kutengera mtundu wa inshuwaransi). Onetsetsani kuti mwayang'ana patsamba lanu la dipatimenti yazaumoyo m'boma lanu komanso mdera lanu kuti mudziwe zambiri za kuyezetsa kwa coronavirus pafupi nanu.

Zimatenga nthawi yayitali bwanji kuti upeze zotsatira za mayeso a COVID-19?

Apanso, zimatengera. Zitha kutenga maola angapo kapena masiku angapo (nthawi zina sabata kapena kupitilira apo) kuti mupeze zotsatira za mayeso anu a PCR, kutengera momwe labu yakomweko imagwirizira, atero Dr. Schaffner. Mayeso a antibody amathanso kutenga masiku angapo mpaka milungu kuti mupeze zotsatira zanu - kachiwiri, kutengera labu yomwe yatumizidwa.

Mayeso a Antigen, kumbali inayo, atha kukupatsani zotsatira zosakwana ola limodzi, malinga ndi FDA. Komanso, njirayi, ngakhale mwachangu, siyiyesa yolondola ngati kuyesa kwa PCR.

Ponseponse, akatswiri amalimbikitsa kutenga zotsatira za mayeso anu a coronavirus ndi mchere wa mchere. "Kukhala wopanda kachilombo kumatanthauza kuti sunatenge kachilomboka panthawi yomwe kuyezetsa kunachitika," akufotokoza Dr. Watkins. "Ukadakhala ndi kachilombo kwakanthawi."

Ngati mukuyesa kuti mulibe kachilomboka koma muli ndi zizindikiro za COVID-19, Dr. Chew amalimbikitsa kufikira dokotala wanu wamkulu ngati mungayesenso. (Zogwirizana: Ndi liti, Momwemo, Kodi Muyenera Kudzipatula Ngati Mukuganiza Kuti Muli Ndi Coronavirus?)

Ngakhale kuyesa kuli bwino kuposa momwe zinalili kumayambiriro kwa mliri ndipo pali zosankha zambiri tsopano, ingokumbukirani kuti si njira yabwino. Dr. Schaffner anati: “Anthu amafunafuna mayankho olondola [pa mliriwu]. "Ndipo sitingapereke kwa iwo ndi kuyesa kwa COVID-19."

Zomwe zili munkhaniyi ndizolondola monga nthawi yolemba. Pomwe zosintha za coronavirus COVID-19 zikupitilizabe kusintha, ndizotheka kuti zina ndi zina zomwe zanenedwa m'nkhaniyi zasintha kuyambira pomwe zidasindikizidwa koyamba. Tikukulimbikitsani kuti mumayang'anitsitsa pafupipafupi ndi zinthu monga CDC, WHO, ndi dipatimenti yazaumoyo yakwanuko kuti mumve zambiri zamtunduwu komanso malingaliro awo.

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