Dementia: ndi chiyani, mitundu, zizindikiro ndi momwe mungadziwire

Zamkati

• 1. Matenda a Alzheimer's
• 2. Matenda a mtima
• 3. Matenda a Parkinson
• 4. Matenda a senile
• 5. Kudwala matenda amisala kutsogolo
• 6. Sankhani dementia
• 7. Dementia wokhala ndi matupi a Lewy
• 8. Kusokonezeka kwa mowa

Dementia, yotchedwa matenda akulu kapena ofatsa amisala mu DSM-V, ikufanana ndi kusintha kosunthika m'malo amubongo, zomwe zimapangitsa kusintha kukumbukira, machitidwe, chilankhulo komanso umunthu, zomwe zimasokoneza moyo wamunthu.

Dementia itha kutanthauziridwa ngati zizindikilo ndi zizindikilo zokhudzana ndi kusintha kwaubongo komwe kumatha kukhala ndi zifukwa zosiyanasiyana, komwe kumakhudzana kwambiri ndi ukalamba.

Malinga ndi zomwe zimayambitsa komanso zomwe zimayambitsa matendawa, matenda amisala atha kugawidwa m'mitundu ingapo, yayikulu ndiyo:

1. Matenda a Alzheimer's

Alzheimer's ndiye mtundu waukulu wa matenda amisala ndipo amadziwika ndi kuchepa kwa ma neuron komanso magwiridwe antchito amalingaliro. Kukula kwa matenda a Alzheimer's kumachitika chifukwa cha zinthu zingapo, monga majini, ukalamba, kusachita masewera olimbitsa thupi, kupwetekedwa mutu komanso kusuta, mwachitsanzo.

Zizindikiro zazikulu: Zizindikiro za Alzheimer's zimayamba pang'onopang'ono, zizindikilo zoyambilira zimakhudzana ndi zovuta kupeza mawu ndikupanga zisankho, kusowa chidwi komanso kusakumbukika, kukumbukira, chidwi ndi kulingalira. Umu ndi momwe mungazindikire matenda a Alzheimer's.

Momwe matendawa amapangidwira: Kuzindikira kwa Alzheimer's kumachitika pofufuza zomwe zimaperekedwa ndi wodwalayo komanso zamankhwala komanso mbiri yabanja. Kuphatikiza apo, katswiri wamaubongo atha kufunsa mayeso omwe amalola kuti kusintha kwa ubongo kuzindikiridwe, kuphatikiza pakuwunika kwa madzi amadzimadzi kuti muwone kuchuluka kwa mapuloteni a beta-amyloid omwe amapezeka mu Alzheimer's.

Tikulimbikitsidwanso kuti muziyesa kulingalira, zomwe ziyenera kuchitidwa ndi katswiri wa zamagulu kapena wazachipatala, kuti mutsimikizire kuwonongeka kwaubongo. Onani momwe kuyesa kwa Alzheimer's kumachitika.

2. Matenda a mtima

Matenda a 'dementia' ndi mtundu wachiwiri wodwala matenda amisala, wachiwiri pambuyo pa Alzheimer's, ndipo zimachitika magazi akamasowa magazi chifukwa chazovuta zam'magazi kapena mtima, zomwe zimabweretsa kusintha kwa ubongo ndipo, chifukwa chake, matenda amisala. Pachifukwa ichi, chomwe chimayambitsa matenda amisala ndi sitiroko. Kumvetsetsa bwino chomwe matenda a dementia amatanthauza, zizindikiro zake komanso momwe angachiritsire.

Zizindikiro zazikulu: Mumtundu wamatenda amtunduwu, pamakhala kuwonongeka kwakukulu kwazindikiritso, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zikhale zovuta kuti munthuyo achite zinthu zosavuta tsiku ndi tsiku, zomwe zimapangitsa kudalira. Kuphatikiza apo, ndikukula kwa matendawa, munthuyo amatha kukhala ndi vuto la kuperewera kwa zakudya m'thupi, kutenga matenda mosavuta ndipo amavutika kumeza, mwachitsanzo.

Momwe matendawa amapangidwira: Kuzindikira kwamatenda am'mitsempha yam'mimba kumachitika kudzera m'mayeso amalingaliro amitsempha, monga maginito resonance ndi computed tomography, momwe kusintha kwamaubongo kumatsimikizidwira chifukwa chakuchepa kwa magazi kwaubongo.

3. Matenda a Parkinson

Matenda a Parkinson amabwera chifukwa matenda a Parkinson amakula, chifukwa cha kusintha komwe kumachitika muubongo, popeza pali zosintha zina zokhudzana ndi kuzindikira komanso kachitidwe ka munthu. Ndizofala kwambiri kwa anthu azaka zopitilira 50 ndipo zoyambitsa zake sizinakhazikitsidwe bwino, komabe zimadziwika kuti kumavala zigawo zaubongo zomwe zimayambitsa ma neurotransmitters.

Zizindikiro zazikulu: Kuphatikiza pa zizindikiritso za Parkinson, monga kunjenjemera ndi kuuma kwa minofu, pamakhala kuchepa kwakumbuyo kwa kukumbukira ndikusintha kwa malingaliro chifukwa chakutha kwa zigawo zamaubongo zomwe zimayambitsa ma neurotransmitters. Onani zizindikiro zoyamba za Parkinson.

Momwe matendawa amapangidwira: Kuzindikira matenda a Parkinson kumapangidwa ndi neurologist pogwiritsa ntchito zizindikilo zomwe wodwalayo amapeza komanso poyesa kujambula, monga kujambula kwamagnetic resonance ndi tomography ya chigaza, mwachitsanzo. Kuphatikiza apo, mayeso amwazi akhoza kulamulidwa omwe atha kupatula malingaliro ena azidziwitso.

4. Matenda a senile

Dementia ya senile imachitika pafupipafupi mwa anthu azaka zopitilira 65 ndipo imadziwika ndikutaya ntchito mwanzeru, monga kukumbukira, kulingalira komanso chilankhulo, chifukwa chake ndichimodzi mwazomwe zimayambitsa kulumala kwa okalamba. Mtundu wamatenda amtunduwu nthawi zambiri umakhala chifukwa cha matenda opatsirana pogonana, monga matenda a Alzheimer's kapena Parkinson, mwachitsanzo.

Kuphatikiza apo, zitha kukhala zotsatira zakugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala ena pafupipafupi, monga mapiritsi ogona, anti-depressants komanso kupumula kwa minofu, mwachitsanzo. Dziwani zambiri za matenda amisala

Zizindikiro zazikulu: Zizindikiro zazikulu zokhudzana ndi matenda amisala ndikusokonezeka, kukumbukira kukumbukira, kuvuta kupanga zisankho, kuiwala zinthu zazing'ono, kuonda, kusadziletsa kwamikodzo, kuyendetsa galimoto movutikira kapena kuchita zinthu zokha, monga kugula, kuphika kapena kusamba, mwachitsanzo.

Momwe matendawa amapangidwira: Kuzindikira kwamatenda amtunduwu kumachitika kudzera m'mayeso a labotale, kuthana ndi matenda ena, komanso kuyesa kuyerekezera, monga kuwerengetsa kwa chigaza ndi kulingalira kwa maginito, mwachitsanzo, kuyesa momwe ubongo umagwirira ntchito. Kuphatikiza apo, matendawa amayenera kupangidwa kutengera mbiri yonse yazachipatala ndi mayeso ake kuti athe kuwona momwe akumvera komanso malingaliro ake, komanso kuchuluka kwa chidwi, chidwi ndi kulumikizana.

5. Kudwala matenda amisala kutsogolo

Matenda a Frontotemporal dementia kapena DFT ndi mtundu wa matenda amisala omwe amadziwika ndi kuperewera ndi kutayika kwamitsempha yamitsempha m'modzi kapena kutsogolo kwa nthawi yayitali yaubongo. Ma lobes akutsogolo ali ndi udindo wowongolera momwe zinthu zilili komanso momwe amakhalira, pomwe ma lobes akanthawi amakhala okhudzana ndi masomphenya ndi mayankhulidwe. Chifukwa chake, kutengera komwe kukula kwaubongo kumachitika, zizindikilo zimatha kusiyanasiyana.

Zizindikiro zazikulu: Zizindikiro zazikulu zokhudzana ndi FTD ndikusintha kwamakhalidwe, kusiyanasiyana kwa umunthu, kusintha kwa chilankhulo, kuwonetsa zolankhula zochepa. Kuphatikiza apo, munthuyo amatha kubwereza mawu olankhulidwa ndi anthu ena kangapo osakumbukira mayina azinthu, kungokhoza kuwafotokozera.

Momwe matendawa amapangidwira: FTD imapezeka pogwiritsa ntchito kuwunika kwa amisala, momwe kusintha kwamachitidwe ndi zomwe zimakhudzana ndi malingaliro azikhalidwe zimatsimikiziridwa. Kuphatikiza apo, mayeso ena atha kuyitanidwa, monga kulingalira kwa ubongo ndi electroencephalogram. Pezani momwe electroencephalogram imapangidwira.

6. Sankhani dementia

Matenda a Pick kapena matenda, omwe amadziwikanso kuti PiD, ndi mtundu wamatenda amtsogolo omwe amadziwika ndi kuchuluka kwa mapuloteni a Tau mumitsempha yotchedwa makapu a Pick. Mapuloteni owonjezera amapezeka nthawi yayitali kapena kwakanthawi ndipo ndi chimodzi mwazomwe zimayambitsa kukumbukira kukumbukira koyambirira, komwe kumatha kuyambira zaka 40

Zizindikiro zazikulu: Matenda a Pick ali ndi zizindikilo zazikulu zakuchepa kwa kulingalira, kuvutika kuyankhula, kusokonezeka kwamaganizidwe, kusakhazikika kwamalingaliro ndi kusintha kwa umunthu.

Momwe matendawa amapangidwira: Kuzindikira kwa matenda a Pick kumachitika pofufuza zikhalidwe zomwe munthuyo amapereka, zomwe nthawi zambiri zimachitika kudzera m'mayeso am'maganizo, kuphatikiza pakuyesa kujambula, monga kujambula kwa maginito, mwachitsanzo. Kuphatikiza apo, adotolo angafunsidwe kuti awunike kuchuluka kwa mapuloteni a Tau m'madzi am'mitsempha yam'mimba, ndipo kusonkhanitsa kwa madzi amadzimadzi kumawonetsedwa.

7. Dementia wokhala ndi matupi a Lewy

Dementia yokhala ndi matupi a Lewy imafanana ndikutengapo gawo kwa zigawo zina zaubongo chifukwa chakupezeka kwa mapuloteni, omwe amadziwika kuti matupi a Lewy, omwe amakula m'maselo aubongo ndipo amayambitsa kufooka ndi kufa kwawo, zomwe zimayambitsa matenda amisala. Matenda amtunduwu amapezeka kwambiri kwa anthu opitilira 60 ndipo amatha kuchitika nthawi imodzi ndi matenda a Alzheimer's, mwachitsanzo. Phunzirani momwe mungadziwire ndi kuchiritsa matenda amisala ndi matupi a Lewy.

​Zizindikiro zazikulu: Anthu omwe amapezeka kuti ali ndi matenda amisala amtunduwu amakhala ndi zizindikiritso zazikulu zakusokonekera kwamaganizidwe, kusokonezeka kwamisala, kusokonezeka, kuyerekezera zinthu m'maganizo, kunjenjemera komanso kuuma kwa minofu. Nthawi zambiri kusintha kwamaganizidwe kumawonekera koyamba ndipo, popeza ubongo umakhudzidwa kwambiri, kusintha kwa mayendedwe kumawonekera ndikusokonezeka kwamaganizidwe kumakhala kovuta kwambiri.

Momwe matendawa amapangidwira: Kuzindikira matenda a dementia ndi matupi a Lewy kuyenera kupangidwa ndi katswiri wa zamaubongo kudzera pakuwunika kwa zidziwitso, mbiri yazachipatala ya banja ndi mayesero ndi zojambula, monga computed tomography kapena magnetic resonance imaging, kuti athe kuzindikira kuwonongeka m'malo ena aubongo.

8. Kusokonezeka kwa mowa

Kuyanjana pakati pa zakumwa zoledzeretsa komanso zomwe zimapangitsa kuti munthu akhale ndi matenda a dementia kumayesetsabe kuphunzira, komabe zatsimikiziridwa kale kuti kumwa kwambiri zakumwa zoledzeretsa kumasokoneza kukumbukira, kuzindikira komanso machitidwe. Izi ndichifukwa choti mowa umatha kuwononga maselo amitsempha, kusintha magwiridwe ake ndikuwonetsa zizindikiritso za dementia, mwachitsanzo.

Kuphatikiza apo, ngati kumwa mopitirira muyeso kumalumikizidwa ndi zakudya zopanda vitamini B1, pakhoza kuwonongeka kwaubongo kosasinthika. Onani zakudya zomwe zili ndi vitamini B1 wambiri.

Zizindikiro zazikulu: Mavuto ophunzirira, kusintha kwa umunthu, kuchepa kwamaluso, zovuta pakulingalira mozama ndikusintha kwakanthawi kwakanthawi ndizizindikiro za matenda amisala omwe amayamba chifukwa cha mowa.