Kodi dementia ya frontotemporal ndi chiyani, zizindikilo zazikulu ndi chithandizo

Zamkati

• Zizindikiro zazikulu
• Zomwe zingayambitse
• Momwe matendawa amapangidwira
• Njira zothandizira
• Kusiyana pakati pa dementia ya frontotemporal ndi matenda a Alzheimer's

Matenda a Frontotemporal dementia, omwe kale ankadziwika kuti matenda a Pick, ndi mavuto omwe amakhudza mbali zina zaubongo, zotchedwa lobes wakutsogolo. Mavuto amubongo amadzetsa kusintha kwamunthu, machitidwe ndipo zimabweretsa zovuta pakumvetsetsa ndikupanga zolankhula.

Mtundu wamatenda amtunduwu ndi umodzi mwazinthu zazikulu zamatenda am'mitsempha, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti zimawonjezeka pakapita nthawi, ndipo zimatha kuchitika ngakhale kwa achikulire omwe sanakwanitse zaka 65, ndipo mawonekedwe ake akukhudzana ndi zosintha za majini zomwe zimafalikira kuchokera kwa makolo kupita kwa ana.

Chithandizo cha matenda a dementia chimatengera kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala omwe amachepetsa zizindikilo ndikukhalitsa moyo wamunthu, chifukwa matenda amtunduwu alibe mankhwala ndipo amasintha pakapita nthawi.

Zizindikiro zazikulu

Zizindikiro za matenda amisala yakutsogolo kumadalira madera aubongo omwe amakhudzidwa ndipo amatha kusiyanasiyana pakati pa anthu ndi ena, komabe, kusinthaku kungakhale:

• Khalidwe: kusintha kwa umunthu, kupupuluma, kulepheretsa kupsinjika, malingaliro amwano, kukakamizidwa, kukwiya, kusachita chidwi ndi anthu ena, kumeza zinthu zosadyeka ndikuyenda mobwerezabwereza, monga kuwomba m'manja kapena mano nthawi zonse, kumatha kuchitika;
• Chilankhulo: munthuyo atha kukhala ndi vuto loyankhula kapena kulemba, zovuta kumvetsetsa zomwe akunena, kuyiwala tanthauzo la mawu komanso pamavuto akulu, kutaya kwathunthu kutulutsa mawu;
• Zipangizo: kunjenjemera kwa minofu, kuuma ndi kupuma, kuvutika kumeza kapena kuyenda, kusayenda kwa mikono kapena miyendo ndipo, nthawi zambiri, kuthana ndi vuto lakukodza kapena kukachita zitha kuwoneka.

Zizindikirozi zitha kuwonekera limodzi kapena munthuyo akhoza kukhala ndi chimodzi chokha, ndipo nthawi zambiri zimawoneka modekha ndipo zimangowonjezereka pakapita nthawi. Chifukwa chake, ngati zilizonse zosinthazi zikuchitika, ndikofunikira kufunafuna thandizo kwa katswiri wa mitsempha posachedwa, kuti mayeso apadera achitike ndikuwonetsa chithandizo choyenera kwambiri.

Zomwe zingayambitse

Zomwe zimayambitsa matenda a dementia sizimadziwika bwino, koma kafukufuku wina akuwonetsa kuti atha kukhala okhudzana ndi masinthidwe amtundu winawake, wolumikizidwa ndi protein ya Tau ndi protein ya TDP43. Mapuloteniwa amapezeka mthupi ndipo amathandiza ma cell kuti azigwira ntchito moyenera, komabe, pazifukwa zomwe sizikudziwika, zitha kuwonongeka ndikupangitsa matenda amisala kutsogolo.

Zosintha zamapuloteni izi zimatha kuyambitsidwa ndi majini, ndiye kuti, anthu omwe ali ndi mbiri ya mabanja amtunduwu wamatenda ambiri amatha kudwala matenda am'mimba omwewo. Kuphatikiza apo, anthu omwe avulala kwambiri ubongo amatha kusintha ubongo ndikupanga matenda amisala am'mbuyomu. Dziwani zambiri zakusokonekera kwamutu komanso zizindikilo zake.

Momwe matendawa amapangidwira

Zizindikiro zikayamba kuchitika, ndikofunikira kukaonana ndi katswiri wa zamagulu omwe adzawunike, ndiko kuti, adzafufuza zomwe zafotokozedwazo, kenako, atha kuwonetsa magwiridwe oyesa kuti afufuze ngati munthuyo ali ndiutsogolo matenda amisala. Nthawi zambiri, dotolo amalimbikitsa kuchita mayeso otsatirawa:

• Kuyerekeza mayeso: monga MRI kapena CT scan kuti muwone mbali ya ubongo yomwe ikukhudzidwa;
• Mayeso a Neuropsychological: imagwira ntchito yodziwitsa kuthekera kwakumbukiro ndikuzindikira zovuta zakulankhula kapena machitidwe;
• Mayeso achibadwa: Zimaphatikizapo kuyesa magazi kuti tiwone mtundu wanji wa mapuloteni ndi jini lomwe lili ndi vuto;
• Kutola zakumwa: yawonetsedwa kuti izindikire maselo amanjenje omwe akukhudzidwa;
• Kuwerengera kwathunthu kwa magazi: amachitidwa kuti asatenge matenda ena omwe ali ndi zizindikilo zofanana ndi za dementia ya frontotemporal.

Katswiri wa mitsempha akamakayikira matenda ena monga chotupa kapena kuundana kwaubongo, amathanso kuyitanitsa mayeso ena monga kuyesa ziweto, kusanthula ubongo kapena kusanthula kwaubongo. Onani zambiri zomwe scintigraphy ya ubongo ndi momwe zimachitikira.

Njira zothandizira

Chithandizo cha matenda amisala am'mbuyomu chimachitidwa kuti muchepetse zovuta zomwe zimadza chifukwa cha zizindikilozo, kukonza moyo wabwino ndikuwonjezera chiyembekezo cha moyo wamunthu, popeza kulibe mankhwala kapena opareshoni yothandizira matendawa. Komabe, mankhwala ena atha kugwiritsidwa ntchito kuthana ndi zovuta monga ma anticonvulsants, antidepressants ndi antiepileptics.

Vutoli likamakulirakulira, munthuyo amatha kukhala movutikira kuyenda, kumeza, kutafuna komanso kuwongolera chikhodzodzo kapena matumbo, chifukwa chake, magawo a physiotherapy ndi othandizira olankhula, omwe amathandiza munthu kuchita izi tsiku ndi tsiku, angafunike.

Kusiyana pakati pa dementia ya frontotemporal ndi matenda a Alzheimer's

Ngakhale ali ndi zizindikilo zofananira, matenda am'mutu am'mbuyomu samasintha mofanana ndi matenda a Alzheimer's, nthawi zambiri, amapezeka mwa anthu azaka zapakati pa 40 ndi 60, mosiyana ndi zomwe zimachitika mu matenda a Alzheimer omwe matendawa amachitika, makamaka pambuyo pa zaka 60.

Kuphatikiza apo, m'matenda am'maso am'mbuyomu, zovuta zamakhalidwe, kuyerekezera zinthu m'maganizo ndi zosokonekera ndizofala kuposa kukumbukira kukumbukira, chomwe ndi chizindikiro chofala kwambiri cha matenda a Alzheimer's, mwachitsanzo. Onani zina mwazizindikiro za matenda a Alzheimer's.