: ndi chiyani, momwe mungapezere ndi zizindikilo zazikulu

Zamkati

• 1. Streptococcus pyogenes
• 2. Streptococcus agalactiae
• 3. Streptococcus pneumoniae
• 4. Achinyamata a Streptococcus
• Momwe mungatsimikizire matenda mwa Mzere

Mzere imafanana ndi mtundu wa mabakiteriya omwe amadziwika kuti ndi ozungulira mawonekedwe ndipo amapezeka kuti adakonzedwa munthawi, kuphatikiza kukhala ndi violet kapena mtundu wakuda wabuluu mukawonedwa kudzera pa microscope, ndichifukwa chake amatchedwa mabakiteriya omwe ali ndi gramu.

Mitundu yambiri ya Mzere amapezeka mthupi, osayambitsa matenda amtundu uliwonse. Komabe, chifukwa cha vuto lina, pakhoza kukhala kusagwirizana pakati pa mitundu ingapo yazinthu zazing'ono zomwe zimapezeka mthupi ndipo, chifukwa chake, mabakiteriya amtunduwu amatha kuchulukana mosavuta, ndikupangitsa matenda osiyanasiyana.

Kutengera mtundu wa Mzere omwe amatha kukula, matenda omwe amabwera chifukwa chake komanso zizindikilo zake zimatha kusiyanasiyana:

1. Streptococcus pyogenes

O Streptococcus pyogenes, S. pyogenes kapena Mzere gulu A, ndi mtundu womwe ungayambitse matenda opatsirana kwambiri, ngakhale umakhala mwachilengedwe m'malo ena amthupi, makamaka mkamwa ndi kukhosi, kuphatikiza pakupezeka pakhungu ndi njira yopumira.

Momwe mungapezere: O Mzere pyogene itha kupatsirana mosavuta kuchokera kwa munthu kupita kwa munthu kudzera kugawana zodulira, kupsompsona kapena kusungunuka, monga kuyetsemula ndi kutsokomola, kapena kudzera kukumana ndi zinsinsi za anthu omwe ali ndi kachilomboka.

Matenda omwe angayambitse: amodzi mwa matenda akulu omwe amayambitsidwa ndi S. pyogenes Ndi pharyngitis, koma amathanso kuyambitsa red fever, matenda akhungu, monga impetigo ndi erysipelas, kuwonjezera pa minofu necrosis ndi rheumatic fever. Rheumatic fever ndimatenda omwe amadziwika kuti thupi limalimbana ndi chitetezo chamthupi lomwe lingakondwere chifukwa cha mabakiteriya. Phunzirani momwe mungadziwire ndi kuchiza rheumatic fever.

Zizindikiro zofala: zizindikiro za matenda ndi S. pyogenes zimasiyana malinga ndi matendawa, komabe chizindikiritso chofala kwambiri ndikulimbikira kummero komwe kumachitika koposa kawiri pachaka. Matendawa amadziwika kudzera m'mayeso a labotale, makamaka mayeso a anti-streptolysin O, kapena ASLO, omwe amalola kuzindikira ma antibodies omwe amapangidwa motsutsana ndi bakiteriya uyu. Onani momwe mungamvetsetse mayeso a ASLO.

Kodi kuchitira: mankhwalawa amadalira matenda omwe mabakiteriya amayambitsa, koma amachitika makamaka pogwiritsa ntchito maantibayotiki, monga Penicillin ndi Erythromycin. Ndikofunika kuti chithandizocho chichitike molingana ndi malangizo a dotolo, chifukwa ndizodziwika kuti bakiteriyawa amapeza njira zolimbanirana, zomwe zimatha kupangitsa kuti mankhwalawa akhale ovuta ndikupangitsa mavuto azaumoyo.

2. Streptococcus agalactiae

O Streptococcus agalactiae, S. agalactiae kapena Mzere gulu B, ndi mabakiteriya omwe amapezeka mosavuta m'matumbo am'munsi komanso mumikodzo yachikazi ndi maliseche, ndipo amatha kuyambitsa matenda akulu, makamaka ana obadwa kumene.

Momwe mungapezere: mabakiteriya amapezeka mumaliseche a mkazi ndipo amatha kuyipitsa amniotic madzimadzi kapena kumulakalaka mwana pakubereka.

Matenda omwe angayambitse: O S. agalactiae itha kuyimira chiopsezo kwa mwana atabadwa, zomwe zingayambitse sepsis, chibayo, endocarditis komanso ngakhale meningitis.

Zizindikiro zofala: kupezeka kwa bakiteriya sikubweretsa zizindikiro, koma kumatha kudziwika mwa mayiyo milungu ingapo asanabadwe kuti atsimikizire kufunikira kwa chithandizo chopewa matenda kwa wakhanda. Mwa mwana, matendawa amatha kudziwika kudzera kuzizindikiro monga kusintha kwa chikumbumtima, nkhope yamtambo komanso kupuma movutikira, komwe kumatha kuwonekera patatha maola ochepa kuchokera pakubereka kapena masiku awiri pambuyo pake. Mvetsetsani momwe mayeso amachitikira kuti azindikire kupezeka kwa Mzere gulu B ali ndi pakati.

Kodi kuchitira: mankhwalawa amachitidwa nthawi zambiri pogwiritsa ntchito maantibayotiki, omwe dokotala amawakonda kwambiri ndi Penicillin, Cephalosporin, Erythromycin ndi Chloramphenicol.

3. Streptococcus pneumoniae

O Streptococcus pneumoniae, S. chibayo kapena pneumococci, imatha kupezeka m'magulu akuluakulu a kupuma ndipo, makamaka kwa ana.

Matenda omwe angayambitse: imayambitsa matenda monga otitis, sinusitis, meningitis ndipo, makamaka, chibayo.

Zizindikiro zofala: ndi matenda akulu omwe ndi chibayo, zizindikilo nthawi zambiri zimapuma, monga kupuma movutikira, kupuma mofulumira kuposa kutopa kwanthawi zonse. Dziwani zizindikiro zina za chibayo.

Kodi kuchitira: Mankhwalawa amachitika pogwiritsa ntchito maantibayotiki, omwe akuyenera kuvomerezedwa ndi adotolo, monga Penicillin, Chloramphenicol, Erythromycin, Sulfamethoxazole-Trimethoprim ndi Tetracycline.

4. Achinyamata a Streptococcus

O Achinyamata a Streptococcus, yemwenso amadziwika kuti S. viridans, amapezeka makamaka m'kamwa ndi pharynx ndipo amateteza, kuteteza kukula kwa mabakiteriya ena, monga S. pyogenes.

O Mzere wa Streptococcus mitis, a m'gulu la S. viridans, ilipo pamwamba pa mano ndi mamina, ndipo kupezeka kwake kumatha kudziwika kudzera pakuwona kwa zikwangwani zamano. Mabakiteriyawa amatha kulowa m'magazi pakamatsuka mano kapena mukamatulutsa mano, mwachitsanzo, makamaka pamene nkhama zotupa. Komabe, mwa anthu athanzi, mabakiteriyawa amachotsedwa mosavuta m'magazi, koma munthuyo akadwala, monga atherosclerosis, kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo kapena mavuto amtima, mabakiteriya amatha kumera pamalo ena pathupi , zomwe zimayambitsa endocarditis.

O Kusintha kwa Streptococcus, yomwe ilinso m'gulu la S. viridans, makamaka imapezeka mu enamel ya mano ndipo kupezeka kwake m'mano kumakhudzana mwachindunji ndi kuchuluka kwa shuga wodya, pokhala woyamba kuchititsa kupezeka kwa mano.

Momwe mungatsimikizire matenda mwa Mzere

Kuzindikiritsa matendawa Mzere zimachitika mu labotale pogwiritsa ntchito mayeso enaake. Dokotala adzawonetsa, malinga ndi zisonyezo zomwe munthuyo wapereka, zomwe zidzatumizidwe ku labotale kuti zikawunikidwe, zomwe zitha kukhala magazi, zotuluka kukhosi, pakamwa kapena kumaliseche kwa abambo, mwachitsanzo.

Mayeso apadera amachitika mu labotale kuti asonyeze kuti bakiteriya yemwe akuyambitsa matendawa ndi Mzere, kuwonjezera pa mayeso ena omwe amalola kuzindikira mitundu ya mabakiteriya, zomwe ndizofunikira kuti dokotala amalize kuzindikira. Kuphatikiza pakuzindikiritsa mtunduwo, kuyezetsa kwamankhwala amuzolengedwa kumachitika kuti muwone momwe mabakiteriya amveke, ndiko kuti, kuti muwone omwe ali maantibayotiki abwino kwambiri olimbana ndi matendawa.