Dermatomyositis: ndi chiyani, zizindikiro ndi chithandizo

Zamkati

• Zizindikiro zazikulu
• Momwe matendawa amapangidwira
• Momwe muyenera kuchitira

Dermatomyositis ndi matenda osowa otupa omwe amakhudza minofu ndi khungu, omwe amachititsa kufooka kwa minofu ndi zotupa za dermatological. Amapezeka kawirikawiri mwa amayi ndipo amapezeka kwambiri mwa akuluakulu, koma amatha kuwonekera mwa anthu osakwana zaka 16, otchedwa ubwana dermatomyositis.

Nthawi zina, dermatomyositis imalumikizidwa ndi khansa, yomwe imatha kukhala chizindikiro cha kukula kwa mitundu ina ya khansa monga m'mapapo, m'mawere, m'mimba, prostate ndi khansa ya m'matumbo. Itha kuphatikizidwanso ndi matenda ena amthupi, monga scleroderma ndi matenda osakanikirana a minofu, mwachitsanzo. Komanso mvetsetsa kuti scleroderma ndi chiyani.

Zomwe zimayambitsa matendawa zimachokera pagulu lokha, momwe maselo amthupi amalimbana ndi minofu ndikupangitsa kutupa kwa khungu, ndipo, ngakhale chifukwa chakumva izi sichikudziwika bwino, amadziwika kuti ndiwokhudzana ndi majini kusintha, kapena kutengera kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala ena kapena matenda a ma virus. Dermatomyositis ilibe mankhwala, chifukwa chake ndi matenda osachiritsika, komabe, chithandizo chamankhwala a corticosteroids kapena mankhwala osokoneza bongo amathandizira kuwongolera zizindikilo.

Zizindikiro zazikulu

Zizindikiro za dermatomyositis zitha kuphatikiza:

• Kufooka kwa minofu, makamaka m'malo otukuka, m'chiuno ndi pachibelekeropo, mosemphana komanso pang'onopang'ono kuwonjezeka;
• Kuwonekera kwa mawanga kapena zotupa zazing'onoting'ono pakhungu, makamaka pamalumikizidwe a zala, zigongono ndi mawondo, otchedwa chizindikiro cha Gottron kapena papules;
• Mawanga a Violet pamakope apamwamba, otchedwa heliotrope;
• Ululu wophatikizana ndi kutupa;
• Malungo;
• Kutopa;
• Zovuta kumeza;
• Kupweteka m'mimba;
• Kusanza;
• Kuchepetsa thupi.

Nthawi zambiri, anthu omwe ali ndi matendawa amatha kupeza zovuta kuchita zinthu za tsiku ndi tsiku monga kupesa tsitsi lawo, kuyenda, kukwera masitepe kapena kukwera pampando. Kuphatikiza apo, zizindikiro za khungu zimatha kukulirakulira chifukwa chokhala padzuwa.

Pazovuta kwambiri, kapena dermatomyositis ikawonekera limodzi ndi matenda ena amthupi, ziwalo zina monga mtima, mapapo kapena impso zitha kukhudzidwanso, zomwe zimakhudza magwiridwe ake ndikuwononga zovuta.

Momwe matendawa amapangidwira

Kuzindikira kwa dermatomyositis kumachitika pofufuza za matendawa, kuyezetsa thupi ndi kuyesa monga minofu biopsy, electromyography kapena kuyesa magazi kuti muzindikire kupezeka kwa zinthu zomwe zikuwonetsa kuwonongeka kwa minofu, monga CPK, DHL kapena AST mayeso, mwachitsanzo.

Pakhoza kukhala kupanga ma autoantibodies, monga ma myositis-specific antibodies (MSAs), anti-RNP kapena anti MJ, mwachitsanzo. zomwe zitha kupezeka pamiyeso yambiri yamagazi.

Pofuna kutsimikizira kuti ali ndi vutoli, ndikofunikanso kuti dokotala athe kusiyanitsa zizindikiritso za dermatomyositis kuchokera ku matenda ena omwe amayambitsa zizindikiro zofananira, monga polymyositis kapena myositis yokhala ndi matupi ophatikizira, omwe nawonso ndi matenda otupa aminyewa. Matenda ena omwe ayenera kuganiziridwa ndi myofascitis, necrotizing myositis, polymyalgia rheumatica kapena zotupa zomwe zimayambitsidwa ndi mankhwala, monga clofibrate, simvastatin kapena amphotericin, mwachitsanzo.

Momwe muyenera kuchitira

Chithandizo cha dermatomyositis chimachitika molingana ndi zizindikilo zomwe odwala amapereka, koma nthawi zambiri zimaphatikizapo kugwiritsa ntchito:

• Corticosteroids monga Prednisone, pamene amachepetsa kutupa m'thupi;
• Odwala matenda opatsirana pogonana monga Methotrexate, Azathioprine, Mycophenolate kapena Cyclophosphamide, kuti ichepetse kuyankha kwa chitetezo chamthupi;
• Mankhwala ena, monga Hydroxychloroquine, popeza ndi othandiza kuthana ndi matenda a khungu, monga kuzindikira kwa kuwala, mwachitsanzo.

Mankhwalawa nthawi zambiri amatengedwa muyezo waukulu komanso kwa nthawi yayitali, ndipo amachepetsa kuchepa kwamatenda ndikuchepetsa zizindikilo za matendawa. Mankhwalawa akakhala kuti sakugwira ntchito, njira ina ndikumupatsa ma immunoglobulin a anthu.

Ndikothekanso kuchita magawo a physiotherapy, ndi machitidwe okonzanso omwe amathandizira kuthetsa zizindikilo ndikupewa mgwirizano ndi kubweza. Kujambula zithunzi kumawonetsedwanso, ndi zowotcha dzuwa, kuti zisawonongeke pakhungu.

Dermatomyositis ikalumikizidwa ndi khansa, chithandizo choyenera kwambiri ndikuchiza khansa, nthawi zambiri chimapangitsa kuti zizindikilo za matendawa zizimitsidwe.