Zomwe Zimayambitsa Matenda A shuga

Zamkati

• Kodi ndi zinthu ziti zomwe zimayambitsa chiopsezo cha matenda ashuga?
• Kodi ndi zinthu ziti zomwe zimakhudza chiopsezo cha matenda ashuga?
• Ndi zinthu ziti zomwe zimakhudza chiopsezo cha matenda ashuga?
• Ndi matenda ati omwe amakhudza chiopsezo cha matenda ashuga?
• Ndi zinthu ziti zokhudzana ndi zaka zomwe zimakhudza chiopsezo cha matenda ashuga?
• Kodi pali malingaliro olakwika okhudzana ndi chiopsezo cha matenda ashuga?

Kodi matenda a shuga ndi chiyani?

Matenda a shuga ndi omwe amakhudza kuthekera kwa thupi kugwiritsa ntchito shuga wamagazi ngati mphamvu. Mitundu itatuyi ndi mtundu 1, mtundu wachiwiri, komanso matenda ashuga obereka:

• Type 1 shugazimakhudza kuthekera kwa thupi kutulutsa insulin. Madokotala nthawi zambiri amawazindikira ali mwana, ngakhale atha kukhala akuluakulu nawonso. Mahomoni a insulini ndi ofunikira kuthandiza thupi kugwiritsa ntchito shuga wamagazi. Popanda insulini yokwanira, shuga wowonjezera wamagazi amatha kuwononga thupi. Malinga ndi American Diabetes Association, ana ndi akulu miliyoni 1.25 aku U.S. ali ndi matenda amtundu woyamba.
• Type 2 matenda ashugazimakhudza kuthekera kwa thupi kugwiritsa ntchito insulini moyenera. Mosiyana ndi anthu omwe ali ndi matenda a shuga a mtundu woyamba, anthu omwe ali ndi matenda a shuga amtundu wa 2 amapanga insulin. Komabe, mwina samapanga zokwanira kuti azitsatira kuchuluka kwa shuga wamagazi kapena thupi lawo silitha kugwiritsa ntchito insulini moyenera. Madokotala amagwirizanitsa mtundu wa 2 shuga ndi zinthu zokhudzana ndi moyo monga kunenepa kwambiri.
• Matenda a shugaNdi chikhalidwe chomwe chimapangitsa azimayi kukhala ndi shuga wambiri wamagazi nthawi yapakati. Matendawa amakhala osakhalitsa.

Kukhala ndi zoopsa sizitanthauza kuti wina atenga matenda ashuga.

Kodi ndi zinthu ziti zomwe zimayambitsa chiopsezo cha matenda ashuga?

Madokotala sakudziwa chomwe chimayambitsa matenda a shuga amtundu woyamba.

Mbiri yabanja yamtundu wa 1 matenda ashuga amaonedwa kuti ndiwowopsa. Malinga ndi American Diabetes Association:

• Ngati bambo ali ndi matenda a shuga a mtundu woyamba, mwana wawo ali ndi mwayi 1 mwa 17 wokhala ndi matenda ashuga amtundu woyamba.
• Ngati mayi ali ndi matenda a shuga a mtundu woyamba:
  • mwana wake ali ndi mwayi 1 mwa 25 woti atenge matenda amtundu woyamba 1 - ngati mwana wabadwa mkaziyo ali wochepera zaka 25.
  • mwana wake ali ndi mwayi 1 mwa 100 woti atenge matenda amtundu woyamba 1 - ngati mwanayo wabadwa mkaziyo ali ndi zaka 25 kapena kupitirirapo.
• Ngati makolo onse ali ndi matenda a shuga amtundu woyamba, mwana wawo ali ndi mwayi pakati pa 1 mwa 10 ndi 1 mwa 4 mwayi wokhala ndi matenda ashuga amtundu woyamba.

Kukhala ndi kholo lomwe lili ndi mtundu wachiwiri wa shuga kumawonjezeranso chiopsezo cha matenda ashuga. Chifukwa matenda ashuga nthawi zambiri amakhala okhudzana ndi kusankha kwa moyo, makolo amatha kupatsira ana awo zizolowezi zina zowonjezera kuwonjezera pa chibadwa chawo. Izi zimawonjezera chiopsezo cha ana awo kuti atenge mitundu 2 ya matenda ashuga.

Anthu amitundu ina nawonso ali pachiwopsezo chachikulu cha matenda amtundu wa 2. Izi zikuphatikiza:

• Anthu aku Africa-America
• Amwenye Achimereka
• Anthu aku Asia-America
• Anthu Akuzilumba za Pacific
• Anthu aku Puerto Rico

Amayi ali ndi chiopsezo chowonjezeka cha matenda ashuga akakhala kuti ali ndi abale awo omwe ali ndi matenda ashuga.

Kodi ndi zinthu ziti zomwe zimakhudza chiopsezo cha matenda ashuga?

Kukhala ndi kachilombo (mtundu wosadziwika) ali mwana kumatha kuyambitsa matenda ashuga amtundu wa 1 mwa anthu ena.

Anthu amathanso kukhala ndi matenda ashuga amtundu woyamba ngati amakhala m'malo ozizira. Madokotala amapezanso anthu omwe ali ndi matenda a shuga amtundu woyamba m'nyengo yozizira nthawi zambiri kuposa nthawi yotentha.

Kafukufuku angapo akuwonetsa kuti kuwonongeka kwa mpweya kumatha kukupangitsani kuti mukhale pachiwopsezo chodwala matenda ashuga.

Ndi zinthu ziti zomwe zimakhudza chiopsezo cha matenda ashuga?

Kwa mtundu wa shuga woyamba, sizikudziwika ngati pali zovuta zina zokhudzana ndi moyo.

Mtundu wa 2 shuga nthawi zambiri umakhala wokhudzana ndi moyo. Zomwe moyo umachulukitsa chiopsezo ndi monga:

• kunenepa kwambiri
• kusagwira ntchito
• kusuta
• zakudya zopanda thanzi

Malinga ndi American Academy of Family Physicians, kunenepa kwambiri ndiye komwe kumawopsa kwambiri chifukwa cha mtundu wachiwiri wa matenda ashuga.

Ndi matenda ati omwe amakhudza chiopsezo cha matenda ashuga?

Anthu amathanso kukhala ndi matenda amtundu wachiwiri ngati ali ndi izi:

• acanthosis nigricans, khungu lomwe limapangitsa khungu kuwoneka lakuda kuposa nthawi zonse
• matenda oopsa (kuthamanga kwa magazi) kuposa 130/80 mm Hg
• cholesterol yambiri
• matenda a polycystic ovary (PCOS)
• prediabetes kapena milingo ya shuga m'magazi yomwe imaposa yachibadwa, koma osati pamlingo wa shuga
• magulu a triglyceride omwe ali 250 kapena kuposa

Amayi omwe ali ndi matenda ashuga obereka omwe amabereka mwana wolemera mapaundi 9 kapena kupitilira apo ali pachiwopsezo chachikulu chotenga mtundu wachiwiri wa shuga.

Ndi zinthu ziti zokhudzana ndi zaka zomwe zimakhudza chiopsezo cha matenda ashuga?

Anthu amatha kutenga matenda a shuga akamakalamba. Malinga ndi American Diabetes Association, pafupifupi 25% ya nzika zaku United States azaka 65 kapena kupitilira apo amadwala matenda ashuga.

amalangiza akuluakulu azaka 45 kapena kupitilira kuti akayezetse matenda ashuga. Izi ndizofunikira makamaka ngati munthu ndi wonenepa kwambiri.

Kodi pali malingaliro olakwika okhudzana ndi chiopsezo cha matenda ashuga?

Cholakwika chodziwika bwino chokhudza matenda ashuga ndikuti katemera amayambitsa matenda ashuga. Malinga ndi National Center for Immunization Reseach & Surveillance, palibe umboni wotsimikizira izi.