Kodi dyscalculia, zizindikiro zazikulu ndi chithandizo

Zamkati

• Zizindikiro zazikulu
• Momwe mankhwalawa amachitikira

Dyscalculia ndizovuta kuphunzira masamu, zomwe zimalepheretsa mwanayo kumvetsetsa kuwerengera kosavuta, monga kuwonjezera kapena kuchotsera mfundo, ngakhale palibe vuto lina lazidziwitso. Chifukwa chake, kusintha kumeneku nthawi zambiri kumafaniziridwa ndi dyslexia, koma manambala.

Nthawi zambiri, iwo omwe ali ndi vuto ili amakhalanso ndi vuto lalikulu kuti amvetsetse manambala omwe ali okwera kapena otsika.

Ngakhale chifukwa chake sichikudziwika, dyscalculia nthawi zambiri imalumikizidwa ndi mavuto ena amalingaliro ndi kumvetsetsa, monga kuchepa kwa chidwi ndi kusakhudzidwa kapena matenda a dyslexia, mwachitsanzo.

Zizindikiro zazikulu

Zizindikiro zoyambirira za dyscalculia zimawoneka pazaka 4 mpaka 6, mwana akamaphunzira manambala, ndikuphatikizira:

• Kuvuta kuwerengera, makamaka chammbuyo;
• Kuchedwa kuphunzira kuwonjezera manambala;
• Zovuta kudziwa nambala yomwe ndi yayikulu, poyerekeza manambala osavuta ngati 4 ndi 6;
• Satha kupanga njira zowerengera, monga kuwerengera zala zake, mwachitsanzo;
• Zovuta zowerengera zovuta kwambiri kuposa kuwonjezera;
• Pewani kuchita zinthu zomwe zingaphatikizepo masamu.

Palibe mayeso amodzi kapena mayeso omwe amatha kudziwa matenda a dyscalculia, ndipo chifukwa cha izi ndikofunikira kukaonana ndi dokotala wa ana yemwe amayenera kuwunika pafupipafupi luso la kuwerengera kwa mwanayo mpaka athe kutsimikizira kuti ali ndi matendawa.

Pomwe pali kukayikira kuti mwana atha kukhala ndi vuto la dyscalculia, ndikofunikira kudziwitsa abale ndi aphunzitsi kuti adziwe zizindikilo za vutoli, kuphatikiza pakulola nthawi ndi malo kuti achite ntchito zomwe zikugwiritsidwa ntchito manambala.

Popeza masamu ndi imodzi mwazinthu zomwe zimathandiza kwambiri pakukula kwazidziwitso, vutoli liyenera kuzindikiridwa mwachangu, kuyamba chithandizo ndikupewa kudzikayikira komanso kusatsimikizika, mwachitsanzo.

Momwe mankhwalawa amachitikira

Mankhwalawa a dyscalculia ayenera kuchitidwa limodzi ndi makolo, abale, abwenzi ndi aphunzitsi ndipo ali ndi kuthandiza mwana kupanga njira zomwe zimawalola kuthana ndi vuto lawo.

Kwa izi, ndikofunikira kuyesa kudziwa madera omwe mwanayo amakhala osavuta, ndikuyesera kuwaphatikiza pakuphunzira manambala ndi kuwerengera. Mwachitsanzo, ngati ndizosavuta kupanga zojambula, mutha kupempha mwanayo kuti ajambule malalanje 4 kenako nthochi ziwiri ndipo, pomaliza pake, yesani kuwerengera zipatso zingati.

Malingaliro ena omwe ayenera kukhala chitsogozo cha ntchito zonse ndi awa:

• Gwiritsani ntchito zinthu pophunzitsa kuwerengera kuwonjezera kapena kuchotsa;
• Yambani pamlingo womwe mwana amakhala womasuka ndipo pang'onopang'ono muziyenda njira zovuta kwambiri;
• Patulani nthawi yokwanira yophunzitsira kukhazika mtima pansi ndi kuthandiza mwanayo kuchita;
• Chepetsani kufunika koloweza pamtima;
• Kupanga kuphunzira kukhala kosangalatsa komanso wopanda nkhawa.

Ndikofunikanso kupeŵa kuwononga nthawi yochulukirapo pofotokoza ntchito, ngakhale mutagwiritsa ntchito njira yosangalatsa. Izi ndichifukwa choti kuthera nthawi yayitali kuganizira chinthu chomwecho kumatha kusiya kukhumudwitsa mwanayo, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zikhale zovuta kuloweza ndi njira yonse yophunzirira.