Zotsatira za Dunning-Kruger Zafotokozedwa

Zamkati

• Zotsatira za Dunning-Kruger ndi chiyani?
• Ndemanga za chidziwitso
• Zitsanzo za zotsatira za Dunning-Kruger
• Ntchito
• Ndale
• Kuchedwa
• Za kafukufuku
• Zoyambitsa za zotsatira za Dunning-Kruger
• Momwe mungazindikire
• Kuthetsa zotsatira za Dunning-Kruger
• Kutenga

Omwe amatchulidwa pambuyo pa akatswiri amisala David Dunning ndi Justin Kruger, zotsatira za Dunning-Kruger ndi mtundu wamalingaliro okopa omwe amapangitsa anthu kupitiliza kudziwa zomwe akudziwa kapena kuthekera kwawo, makamaka m'malo omwe sadziwa zambiri.

Mu psychology, mawu oti "kukondera kuzindikira" amatanthauza zikhulupiriro zopanda maziko zomwe ambirife timakhala nazo, nthawi zambiri osazindikira. Kukondera kuzindikira kuli ngati mawanga akhungu.

Pitirizani kuwerenga kuti mudziwe zambiri za zotsatira za Dunning-Kruger, kuphatikizapo zitsanzo za tsiku ndi tsiku ndi momwe mungazizindikirire pamoyo wanu.

Zotsatira za Dunning-Kruger ndi chiyani?

Zotsatira za Dunning-Kruger zikusonyeza kuti pamene sitikudziwa kanthu kena, sitidziwa kusowa kwathu chidziwitso. Mwanjira ina, sitikudziwa zomwe sitidziwa.

Taganizirani izi. Ngati simunaphunzirepo chemistry kapena kuyenda pandege kapena kumanga nyumba, mungadziwe bwanji zomwe simukudziwa pamutuwu?

Lingaliro ili likhoza kumveka lodziwika, ngakhale simunamvepo mayina akuti Dunning kapena Kruger. Zowonadi, mawu otsatirawa akusonyeza kuti lingaliro ili lakhalapo kwanthawi yayitali:

Ndemanga za chidziwitso

• "Chidziwitso chenicheni ndikudziwa kukula kwa umbuli wa munthu." - Confucius
• "Kusazindikira nthawi zambiri kumabweretsa chidaliro kuposa chidziwitso."
  - Charles Darwin
• "Mukamaphunzira zambiri, mumazindikira kuti simukudziwa." - Osadziwika
• “Kuphunzira pang'ono ndi chinthu choopsa.” - Alexander Papa
• "Wopusa amadziona ngati wanzeru, koma wanzeru amadzindikira kuti ndi wopusa."
  - William Shakespeare

Mwachidule, tiyenera kukhala ndi chidziwitso chochepa pamutu kuti titha kuzindikira molondola zomwe sitidziwa.

Koma Dunning ndi Kruger amatenga malingalirowa mopitilira muyeso, ndikuwonetsa kuti ngati sitili oyenerera m'dera lomwe tapatsidwa, nthawi zambiri timakokomeza luso lathu.

Mawu ofunikira pano ndi "mosadziwa." Omwe akukhudzidwa sakudziwa kuti akuyerekeza luso lawo.

Zitsanzo za zotsatira za Dunning-Kruger

Ntchito

Kuntchito, zotsatira za Dunning-Kruger zitha kupangitsa kuti zikhale zovuta kuti anthu azindikire ndikuwongolera magwiridwe awo antchito.

Ndicho chifukwa chake olemba anzawo ntchito amawunika momwe ntchito ikuyendera, koma si onse ogwira ntchito omwe amalandila kutsutsidwa koyenera.

Ndizoyesa kupeza chowiringula - wowerengayo samakukondani, mwachitsanzo - motsutsana ndi kuzindikira ndikuwongolera zolephera zomwe simukudziwa kuti mudali nazo.

Ndale

Othandizira zipani zotsutsa nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi malingaliro osiyana kwambiri. Kafukufuku wa 2013 adafunsa olowerera ndale kuti adziwe zomwe akudziwa pamachitidwe osiyanasiyana. Ofufuzawa adapeza kuti anthu amakonda kuwonetsa chidaliro paukadaulo wawo.

Malongosoledwe awo amachitidwe ndi malingaliro awa pambuyo pake adawulula zazing'ono zomwe samadziwa, zomwe zitha kufotokozedwera pang'ono ndi zotsatira za Dunning-Kruger.

Kuchedwa

Kodi mumakhala ndi chiyembekezo chachikulu mukamakonzekera tsiku lanu? Ambiri aife timapanga mapulani oti tiwonjezere zokolola, kenako ndikupeza kuti sitingakwaniritse zonse zomwe tidafuna kuchita.

Izi zikhoza kukhala chifukwa cha zotsatira za Dunning-Kruger, zomwe timakhulupirira kuti tili bwino pa ntchito zina ndipo tikhoza kuzichita mofulumira kuposa momwe tingathere.

Za kafukufuku

Kafukufuku woyambirira wa Dunning ndi Kruger adasindikizidwa mu Journal of Personality and Social Psychology mu 1999.

Kafukufuku wawo adakhudzana ndi maphunziro anayi omwe akuwona kuthekera kwenikweni kwa omwe akutenga nawo mbali ndikuwona luso lawo nthabwala, kulingalira mwanzeru, ndi galamala ya Chingerezi.

Phunziro la galamala, mwachitsanzo, 84 a Cornell omaliza maphunziro adafunsidwa kuti amalize kuyesa kuwunika momwe amadziwira American Standard Written English (ASWE). Kenako adapemphedwa kuti adziyese momwe angagwiritsire ntchito galamala ndi momwe amayeserera.

Iwo omwe adapeza chotsika kwambiri pamayeso (10th percentile) amadzipereka kwambiri pamalingaliro awo onse odziwika a galamala (67th percentile) ndi mayeso oyesa (61st percentile).

Mosiyana ndi izi, iwo omwe adakwera kwambiri pamayeso amakonda wonyoza kuthekera kwawo ndi mayeso awo.

Kwa zaka makumi angapo kuchokera pomwe kafukufukuyu adasindikizidwa, maphunziro ena ambiri apanga zotsatira zofananira.

Mphamvu ya Dunning-Kruger idalembedwa m'minda kuyambira nzeru zamaganizidwe ndi chilankhulo chachiwiri kupeza chidziwitso cha vinyo komanso gulu lolimbana ndi katemera.

Zoyambitsa za zotsatira za Dunning-Kruger

Nchifukwa chiyani anthu amanyalanyaza maluso awo?

Mu chaputala cha 2011 kuchokera ku Advances in Social Experimental Psychology, Dunning akufuna kuti mukhale ndi "katundu wambiri" wokhudzana ndi ukatswiri wochepa pamutu womwe wapatsidwa.

Popanda ukatswiri, ndizovuta kuchita bwino. Ndipo ndizovuta kutero mukudziwa simukuchita bwino pokhapokha mutakhala ndi luso.

Ingoganizirani kutenga mayeso osankha angapo pamutu womwe simukudziwa chilichonse. Mukuwerenga mafunso ndikusankha yankho lomwe limawoneka kuti ndi lomveka bwino.

Kodi mungadziwe bwanji kuti mayankho anu ndi olondola? Popanda chidziwitso chofunikira kusankha yankho lolondola, simungathe kuwunika momwe mayankho anu aliri olondola.

Akatswiri azamaganizidwe amatcha kutha kuwunika chidziwitso - ndi mipata yazidziwitso - kuzindikira. Mwambiri, anthu omwe amadziwa bwino gawo lomwe apatsidwa amakhala ndi kuthekera kokuzindikira bwino kuposa anthu omwe sadziwa malowa.

Momwe mungazindikire

Ubongo wathu ndiwovuta kuti tifufuze momwe tingagwiritsire ntchito ndikutenga njira zazifupi, zomwe zimatithandiza kusanja chidziwitso mwachangu ndikupanga zisankho. Nthawi zambiri, njira zomwezi ndi njira zazifupi zimayambitsa kukondera.

Anthu ambiri alibe vuto kuzindikira izi - kuphatikizapo Dunning-Kruger - m'mabwenzi awo, abale awo, ndi anzawo ogwira nawo ntchito.

Koma chowonadi ndichakuti zotsatira za Dunning-Kruger zimakhudza aliyense, kuphatikiza inu. Palibe amene anganene ukatswiri uliwonse. Mutha kukhala katswiri m'malo angapo koma mumakhalabe ndi mipata yayikulu m'malo ena.

Komanso, zotsatira za Dunning-Kruger sizizindikiro za nzeru zochepa. Anthu anzeru amakumananso ndi izi.

Njira yoyamba kuzindikira izi ndi zomwe mukuchita kale. Kuphunzira zambiri za zomwe Dunning-Kruger angachite kungakuthandizeni kudziwa ngati zingagwire ntchito pamoyo wanu.

Kuthetsa zotsatira za Dunning-Kruger

Mu kafukufuku wawo wa 1999, Dunning ndi Kruger adapeza kuti maphunziro adathandizira ophunzira kuzindikira molondola kuthekera ndi magwiridwe awo. Mwanjira ina, kuphunzira zambiri pamutu wina kungakuthandizeni kuzindikira zomwe simukudziwa.

Nawa maupangiri ena omwe mungagwiritse ntchito mukamaganiza kuti zotsatira za Dunning-Kruger zikusewera:

• Chitani mwachifatse. Anthu amakonda kukhala olimba mtima akapanga zisankho mwachangu. Ngati mukufuna kupewa zovuta za Dunning-Kruger, siyani kutenga nthawi kuti mufufuze zisankho mwachangu.
• Tsutsani zonena zanu. Kodi mumakhala ndi malingaliro omwe mumangowanyalanyaza? Osadalira matumbo anu kuti akuuzeni chomwe chiri chabwino kapena cholakwika. Sewerani ndi woimira satana nokha: Kodi mungabwere ndi kutsutsana kapena kutsutsa malingaliro anu?
• Sinthani kulingalira kwanu. Kodi mumagwiritsa ntchito mfundo zomwezo pamafunso kapena vuto lililonse lomwe mungakumane nalo? Kuyesera zinthu zatsopano kumatha kukuthandizani kuti mutuluke munjira zomwe zingakulitse chidaliro chanu koma zimachepetsa kuzindikira kwanu.
• Phunzirani kudzudzula. Kuntchito, musamanyozedwe kwambiri. Fufuzani zomwe simukugwirizana nazo popempha umboni kapena zitsanzo za momwe mungasinthire.
• Funsani malingaliro ataliatali okhudza nokha. Kodi mumadziona kuti ndinu omvera kwambiri? Kapena wabwino masamu? Zotsatira za Dunning-Kruger zikuwonetsa kuti muyenera kukhala otsutsa mukafika pakuwunika zomwe mumachita bwino.

Khalani otseguka kuti muphunzire zinthu zatsopano. Chidwi ndikupitiliza kuphunzira mwina ndi njira zabwino kwambiri zofikira ntchito yomwe mwapatsidwa, mutu, kapena lingaliro ndikupewa kukondera monga zotsatira za Dunning-Kruger.

Kutenga

Zotsatira za Dunning-Kruger ndi mtundu wazinthu zomwe zimapangitsa kuti tisamawunikire mipata pakudziwa kwathu.

Aliyense amakumana nazo nthawi ina. Chidwi, kutseguka, komanso kudzipereka kwanthawi zonse kuphunzira kungakuthandizeni kuchepetsa zovuta za Dunning-Kruger m'moyo wanu watsiku ndi tsiku.