Emphysema

Zamkati

• Chidule
• Kodi emphysema ndi chiyani?
• Nchiyani chimayambitsa emphysema?
• Ndani ali pachiwopsezo cha emphysema?
• Zizindikiro za emphysema ndi ziti?
• Kodi matenda a emphysema amapezeka bwanji?
• Kodi mankhwala a emphysema ndi ati?
• Kodi emphysema ingapewe?

Chidule

Kodi emphysema ndi chiyani?

Emphysema ndi mtundu wa COPD (matenda osokoneza bongo am'mapapo). COPD ndi gulu la matenda am'mapapu omwe amalepheretsa kupuma ndikuipiraipira pakapita nthawi. Mtundu wina waukulu wa COPD ndi bronchitis wosatha. Anthu ambiri omwe ali ndi COPD ali ndi matenda a emphysema komanso bronchitis osachiritsika, koma mtundu uliwonse wamtunduwu ungakhale wosiyana bwanji ndi munthu.

Emphysema imakhudza matumba amlengalenga m'mapapu anu. Nthawi zambiri, matumbawa ndi otanuka kapena otambasuka. Mukamapuma, mpweya uliwonse umadzaza ndi mpweya, ngati buluni yaying'ono. Mukapuma kunja, matumba amlengalenga amachoka, ndipo mpweya umatuluka.

Mu emphysema, makoma apakati pamatumba ambiri am'mapapu amawonongeka. Izi zimapangitsa matumba amlengalenga kutaya mawonekedwe ake ndikukhala floppy. Zowonongekazo zitha kuwononga makoma azikwama zam'mlengalenga, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale thumba locheperako komanso lokulirapo m'malo mwazing'ono kwambiri. Izi zimapangitsa kuti mapapu anu azitha kusunthira mpweya komanso mpweya woipa mthupi lanu.

Nchiyani chimayambitsa emphysema?

Chomwe chimayambitsa matenda a emphysema nthawi zambiri chimakhala chokhudzidwa ndi zopweteka zomwe zimawononga mapapu anu komanso mpweya. Ku United States, utsi wa ndudu ndiwo umayambitsa. Chitoliro, ndudu, ndi mitundu ina ya utsi wa fodya amathanso kuyambitsa matenda a emphysema, makamaka mukawapumira.

Kuwonetsedwa kuzinthu zina zopumira zimatha kupangitsa kuti mukhale ndi emphysema. Izi zikuphatikizapo utsi wa fodya, kuipitsa mpweya, ndi utsi wa mankhwala kapena fumbi lochokera kumalo kapena kuntchito.

Kawirikawiri, vuto la chibadwa lotchedwa alpha-1 kuchepa kwa antitrypsin limatha kuyambitsa matenda am'mimba.

Ndani ali pachiwopsezo cha emphysema?

Zowopsa za emphysema ndi monga

• Kusuta. Ichi ndi chiopsezo chachikulu. Kufikira 75% ya anthu omwe ali ndi emphysema amasuta kapena amakonda kusuta.
• Kutenga nthawi yayitali kuzinthu zina zam'mapapo, monga utsi wa fodya, kuipitsa mpweya, ndi utsi wa mankhwala ndi fumbi zochokera kumalo kapena kuntchito.
• Zaka. Anthu ambiri omwe ali ndi emphysema ali ndi zaka zosachepera 40 pomwe zizindikilo zawo zimayamba.
• Chibadwa. Izi zikuphatikizanso kusowa kwa alpha-1 antitrypsin, komwe kumakhala chibadwa. Komanso, omwe amasuta omwe amatenga emphysema amatha kutero ngati ali ndi mbiri ya banja la COPD.

Zizindikiro za emphysema ndi ziti?

Poyamba, mwina simungakhale ndi zizindikilo kapena zochepa zochepa. Matendawa akukulirakulira, zizindikilo zanu zimakula kwambiri. Zitha kuphatikizira

• Kutsekula pafupipafupi kapena kupuma
• Chifuwa chomwe chimatulutsa ntchofu zambiri
• Kupuma pang'ono, makamaka ndi zolimbitsa thupi
• Kulira kofuula kapena kofuula mukamapuma
• Zolimba pachifuwa

Anthu ena omwe ali ndi emphysema amatenga matenda opuma pafupipafupi monga chimfine ndi chimfine. Zikakhala zovuta, emphysema imatha kuchepa thupi, kufooka m'minyewa yanu, ndi kutupa m'miyendo, mapazi, kapena miyendo yanu.

Kodi matenda a emphysema amapezeka bwanji?

Kuti mudziwe, wothandizira zaumoyo wanu

• Tifunsa za mbiri yanu yamankhwala komanso mbiri yakubanja
• Tidzafunsa za matenda anu
• Mutha kuyesa mayeso a labu, monga kuyesa kwamapapu, x-ray pachifuwa kapena CT scan, komanso kuyesa magazi

Kodi mankhwala a emphysema ndi ati?

Palibe mankhwala a emphysema. Komabe, mankhwalawa amatha kuthandiza ndi zizindikilo, kuchepetsa kupita patsogolo kwa matendawa, komanso kukulitsa kuthekera kwanu kuti mukhalebe achangu. Palinso mankhwala othandizira kupewa kapena kuthandizira zovuta zamatendawa. Mankhwala akuphatikizapo

• Zosintha m'moyo, monga
  • Kusiya kusuta ngati mukusuta. Ili ndiye gawo lofunikira kwambiri lomwe mungachite kuti muchiritse emphysema.
  • Kupewa utsi wothandiziranso komanso malo omwe mungapumeko mu zina zam'mapapo
  • Funsani wothandizira zaumoyo wanu kuti adye chakudya chomwe chingakwaniritse zosowa zanu. Komanso funsani za kuchuluka kwa masewera olimbitsa thupi omwe mungachite. Kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi kumatha kulimbitsa minofu yomwe imakuthandizani kupuma komanso kukonza thanzi lanu lonse.
• Mankhwala, monga
  • Ma bronchodilator, omwe amatsitsimutsa minofu mozungulira momwe mumayendera. Izi zimathandiza kutsegula mpweya wanu ndikupangitsa kupuma mosavuta. Ma bronchodilator ambiri amatengedwa kudzera mu inhaler. Zikakhala zovuta kwambiri, inhaler imakhalanso ndi ma steroids kuti muchepetse kutupa.
  • Katemera wa chimfine ndi pneumococcal pneumonia, popeza anthu omwe ali ndi emphysema ali pachiwopsezo chachikulu cha mavuto akulu amatendawa
  • Maantibayotiki ngati mutenga matenda apakiteriya kapena ma virus
• Thandizo la oxygen, ngati muli ndi emphysema yoopsa komanso mpweya wochepa m'magazi anu. Thandizo la oxygen lingakuthandizeni kupuma bwino. Mungafunike mpweya wowonjezera nthawi zonse kapena nthawi zina.
• Kukonzanso kwamapapo, yomwe ndi pulogalamu yomwe imathandizira kukonza thanzi la anthu omwe ali ndi mavuto opuma mosalekeza. Zitha kuphatikizira
  • Pulogalamu yochita masewera olimbitsa thupi
  • Maphunziro a kasamalidwe ka matenda
  • Upangiri wathanzi
  • Upangiri wamaganizidwe
• Opaleshoni, nthawi zambiri amakhala njira yomaliza kwa anthu omwe ali ndi zizindikilo zoopsa zomwe sizinakhale bwino ndi mankhwala. Pali maopareshoni ku
  • Chotsani minofu ya m'mapapo yowonongeka
  • Chotsani mipata ikuluikulu yamlengalenga (bullae) yomwe imatha kupangika thumba lamlengalenga litawonongeka. Ma bullae amatha kusokoneza kupuma.
  • Chitani mapapu. Izi zikhoza kukhala njira ngati muli ndi emphysema yoopsa kwambiri.

Ngati muli ndi emphysema, ndikofunikira kudziwa nthawi ndi komwe mungapeze thandizo pazizindikiro zanu. Muyenera kulandira chithandizo chadzidzidzi ngati muli ndi zizindikilo zowopsa, monga zovuta kupuma kapena kuyankhula. Itanani yemwe akukuthandizani ngati matenda anu akukula kwambiri kapena ngati muli ndi zizindikiro za matenda, monga malungo.

Kodi emphysema ingapewe?

Popeza kusuta kumayambitsa matenda a emphysema ambiri, njira yabwino yopewera kusuta. Ndikofunikanso kuyesetsa kupewa zopsereza m'mapapo monga utsi wa fodya, kuipitsa mpweya, utsi wamankhwala, ndi fumbi.

NIH: National Heart, Lung, ndi Blood Institute