Kulimbana ndi End-Stage COPD

Zamkati

• Zizindikiro za COPD yomaliza
• Kukhala ndi COPD yomaliza
• Zakudya ndi masewera olimbitsa thupi
• Konzekerani nyengo
• Kusamalira
• Magawo (kapena magiredi) a COPD
• Chiwonetsero
• Kulemera
• Kupuma pang'ono ndi zochitika
• Mtunda udayenda mumphindi zisanu ndi chimodzi
• Zaka
• Pafupi ndi kuipitsa mpweya
• Pafupipafupi maulendo a dokotala
• Kulimbana ndi COPD
• Mafunso ndi mayankho: Odzipeputsa
• Funso:
• Yankho:

COPD

Matenda osokoneza bongo (COPD) ndi omwe amapita patsogolo omwe amakhudza kupuma bwino kwa munthu. Zimaphatikizapo matenda angapo, kuphatikiza emphysema ndi bronchitis yanthawi yayitali.

Kuphatikiza pakuchepetsa kupumira ndikutuluka kwathunthu, zizindikilo zimatha kuphatikizira kukhosomola kosalekeza komanso kuchuluka kwa sputum.

Pemphani kuti muphunzire za njira zochepetsera kumapeto kwa ziwonetsero za COPD ndi zomwe zimakuwonerani ngati muli ndi vuto ili.

Zizindikiro za COPD yomaliza

Gawo lomaliza la COPD limadziwika ndi kupuma movutikira (dyspnea), ngakhale mutapuma. Pakadali pano, mankhwala nthawi zambiri sagwira ntchito mofanana ndi kale. Ntchito za tsiku ndi tsiku zimakusiyani kopumira.

Mapeto omaliza a COPD amatanthauzanso kuwonjezeka kwa kupita ku dipatimenti yadzidzidzi kapena kuchipatala chifukwa cha kupuma, matenda am'mapapo, kapena kulephera kupuma.

Kuthamanga kwa m'mapapo kumakhalanso kofala kumapeto kwa COPD, komwe kumatha kubweretsa kulephera kwamtima. Mutha kukhala ndi kugunda kwamtima (tachycardia) kopitilira 100 pamphindi. Chizindikiro china chakumapeto kwa COPD ndikuchepetsa thupi.

Kukhala ndi COPD yomaliza

Ngati mumasuta fodya, kusiya ndi chimodzi mwazinthu zabwino kwambiri zomwe mungachite nthawi iliyonse ya COPD.

Dokotala wanu akhoza kukupatsani mankhwala ochizira COPD omwe amathanso kuthana ndi matenda anu. Izi zikuphatikiza ma bronchodilator, omwe amathandizira kukulitsa mayendedwe anu.

Pali mitundu iwiri ya ma bronchodilator. Bronchodilator yaifupi (yopulumutsa) imagwiritsidwa ntchito mwadzidzidzi kupuma pang'ono. Bronchodilator yanthawi yayitali itha kugwiritsidwa ntchito tsiku lililonse kuthandizira kuwongolera zizindikilo.

Glucocorticosteroids ingathandize kuchepetsa kutupa. Mankhwalawa amatha kuperekedwera kuma airways ndi mapapu anu ndi inhaler kapena nebulizer. Glucocorticosteroid imaperekedwa nthawi zambiri kuphatikiza ndi bronchodilator yanthawi yayitali yothandizira COPD.

Inhaler ndi chida chonyamula mthumba, pomwe nebulizer ndi yayikulu ndipo amatanthauza makamaka kugwiritsira ntchito nyumba. Ngakhale inhaler ndiyosavuta kunyamula nanu, nthawi zina zimakhala zovuta kugwiritsa ntchito molondola.

Ngati mukuvutika kugwiritsa ntchito inhaler, kuwonjezera spacer kungathandize. Spacer ndi chubu chaching'ono cha pulasitiki chomwe chimamangirira ku inhaler yanu.

Kupopera mankhwala anu a inhaler mu spacer kumalola kuti mankhwalawo asokonezeke ndikudzaza spacer musanapume. Spacer ikhoza kuthandizira mankhwala ochulukirapo kuti alowe m'mapapu anu komanso kuti asakodwe pakhosi panu.

Nebulizer ndi makina omwe amasandutsa mankhwala amadzimadzi kukhala nkhungu yopitilira muyeso yomwe mumapumira kwa mphindi 5 mpaka 10 panthawi kudzera pachisoti kapena cholumikizira cholumikizidwa ndi chubu pamakina.

Mpweya wowonjezera umafunika ngati muli ndi gawo lomaliza la COPD (gawo 4).

Kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwalawa mwina kukuwonjezeka kwambiri kuchokera pagawo 1 (wofatsa COPD) mpaka 4.

Zakudya ndi masewera olimbitsa thupi

Muthanso kupindula ndi mapulogalamu olimbitsa thupi. Othandizira pamapulogalamuwa amatha kukuphunzitsani njira zopumira zomwe zimachepetsa kuvutikira kwanu kupuma. Gawo ili lingakuthandizeni kukhala ndi moyo wabwino.

Mutha kulimbikitsidwa kudya zakudya zazing'ono, zomanga thupi kwambiri nthawi iliyonse, monga mapuloteni akugwedezeka. Kudya zakudya zomanga thupi kwambiri kungakuthandizeni kuti mukhale ndi thanzi labwino komanso kuti muchepetse kunenepa kwambiri.

Konzekerani nyengo

Kuphatikiza pakuchita izi, muyenera kupewa kapena kuchepetsa zomwe zimayambitsa COPD. Mwachitsanzo, mumatha kupuma movutikira nyengo yamvula yayikulu, monga kutentha kwambiri ndi chinyezi kapena kuzizira, kutentha.

Ngakhale kuti simungasinthe nyengo, mutha kukhala okonzeka kuchepetsa nthawi yomwe mumakhala panja nthawi yotentha kwambiri. Zina zomwe mungachite ndi izi:

• Nthawi zonse kukhala ndi inhaler yadzidzidzi nanu koma osati mgalimoto yanu. Ma inhalers ambiri amagwira ntchito bwino osungidwa kutentha.
• Kuvala mpango kapena chovala kumaso mukamatuluka panja kuzizira kumatha kutenthetsa mpweya womwe mumapuma.
• Pewani kupita panja masiku omwe mpweya ndi wosauka komanso utsi ndi kuchuluka kwa kuipitsa. Mutha kuwona mpweya wabwino mozungulira inu pano.

Kusamalira

Kusamalira odwala kapena kuchipatala kumatha kukulitsa moyo wanu mukamakhala ndi COPD yomaliza. Chikhulupiriro chofala chokhudzana ndi chisamaliro chotsitsimutsa ndichakuti ndi cha wina yemwe azamwalira posachedwa. Izi sizikhala choncho nthawi zonse.

M'malo mwake, chisamaliro chotsitsimula chimaphatikizapo kuzindikira mankhwala omwe angakuthandizeni kukhala ndi moyo wabwino komanso kuthandiza osamalira kukupatsani chisamaliro chokwanira. Cholinga chachikulu cha chisamaliro chathanzi ndi chisamaliro cha odwala ndikuchepetsa ululu wanu ndikuwongolera zizindikilo zanu momwe zingathere.

Mudzagwira ntchito ndi gulu la madokotala ndi anamwino pokonzekera zolinga zanu zamankhwala ndikusamalira thanzi lanu komanso malingaliro anu momwe mungathere.

Funsani dokotala wanu ndi kampani ya inshuwaransi kuti mumve zambiri za njira zosamalirira.

Magawo (kapena magiredi) a COPD

COPD ili ndi magawo anayi, ndipo mpweya wanu umachepa pang'ono ndikudutsa.

Mabungwe osiyanasiyana amatha kufotokozera gawo lililonse mosiyanasiyana. Komabe, magulu awo ambiri amakhala mbali ya kuyesa kwa mapapu komwe kumadziwika kuti mayeso a FEV1. Uwu ndiye mpweya wokakamiza wotuluka m'mapapu anu mphindi imodzi.

Zotsatira zakuyesaku zikuwonetsedwa ngati kuchuluka ndipo zimayeza kuchuluka kwa mpweya womwe mungatulutse m'kamphindi koyamba ka mpweya wokakamizidwa. Zimafaniziridwa ndi zomwe zimayembekezeredwa m'mapapu athanzi azaka zofananira.

Malinga ndi Lung Institute, zofunikira pamlingo uliwonse wa COPD (gawo) ndi izi:

Magulu apansi atha kukhala kapena osatsagana ndi zizindikilo zosatha, monga sputum yochulukirapo, kupuma kowonekera mwamphamvu, komanso chifuwa. Zizindikirozi zimakhala zofala kwambiri pamene kuuma kwa COPD kumawonjezeka.

Kuphatikiza apo, malangizo atsopano a Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease (GOLD) amagawanso anthu omwe ali ndi COPD m'magulu otchedwa A, B, C, kapena D.

Maguluwa amafotokozedwa ndikukula kwamavuto monga dyspnea, kutopa, komanso kusokonezedwa ndi moyo watsiku ndi tsiku, komanso kukulirakulira.

Kuchulukanso ndi nthawi yomwe zizindikilo zimawonjezeka kwambiri. Zizindikiro zowonjezereka zimatha kuphatikizira chifuwa chowonjezeka, kuchuluka kwa ntchofu zachikasu kapena zobiriwira, kupuma kwambiri, komanso kutsika kwa mpweya m'magazi.

Magulu A ndi B amaphatikizapo anthu omwe sanakule mopitilira chaka chathachi kapena ochepa okha omwe sanafunikire kuchipatala. Kuchepetsa kuchepa kwa dyspnea ndi zizindikiritso zina zimatha kukuyikani mu Gulu A, pomwe dyspnea yoopsa ndi zizindikilo zimakuyikani m'gulu B.

Magulu C ndi D akuwonetsa kuti mwina mwakhala mukukula kocheperako kamodzi komwe kumafuna kulandilidwa kuchipatala chaka chathachi kapena zopitilira ziwiri zomwe zidachita kapena sizinafune kuchipatala.

Kulephera kupuma movutikira ndi zizindikilo zimakuyikani mu Gulu C, pomwe kukhala ndi mavuto ampweya kumatanthauza kutchulidwa kwa Gulu D.

Anthu omwe ali ndi gawo la 4, chizindikiro cha Gulu D ali ndi malingaliro owopsa kwambiri.

Mankhwala sangathetsere kuwonongeka komwe kwachitika kale, koma atha kugwiritsidwa ntchito kuyesa kuchepetsa kupita patsogolo kwa COPD.

Chiwonetsero

Pamapeto pake COPD, mungafunike oxygen yowonjezera kuti ipume, ndipo mwina simungathe kumaliza zochitika zatsiku ndi tsiku popanda kukhala ndi mphepo komanso kutopa. Kukula kwadzidzidzi kwa COPD pakadali pano kumatha kukhala koopsa.

Ngakhale kudziwa gawo ndi mulingo wa COPD kumathandizira dokotala kukusankhirani mankhwala oyenera, izi sizinthu zokha zomwe zimakhudza mawonekedwe anu. Dokotala wanu adzakumbukiranso izi:

Kulemera

Ngakhale kunenepa kwambiri kumatha kupangitsa kupuma kukhala kovuta ngati muli ndi COPD, anthu omwe ali ndi gawo lomaliza la COPD nthawi zambiri amakhala ochepa. Izi zili choncho chifukwa ngakhale kudya kungakupangitseni kuti muzipuma kwambiri.

Kuphatikiza apo, panthawiyi, thupi lanu limagwiritsa ntchito mphamvu zambiri kuti mupitirize kupuma. Izi zitha kubweretsa kuchepa kwambiri komwe kumakhudza thanzi lanu lonse.

Kupuma pang'ono ndi zochitika

Umu ndi momwe mumapumulira mpweya poyenda kapena zochitika zina zakuthupi. Itha kuthandizira kudziwa kuuma kwa COPD yanu.

Mtunda udayenda mumphindi zisanu ndi chimodzi

Kutali komwe mungayende mumphindi zisanu ndi chimodzi, zotsatira zake zingakhale zabwino ndi COPD.

Zaka

Ndi ukalamba, COPD ipita patsogolo kwambiri, ndipo malingaliro amakhala osawuka pakapita zaka, makamaka okalamba.

Pafupi ndi kuipitsa mpweya

Kuwonongeka kwa kuipitsidwa kwa mpweya ndi utsi wa fodya wa fodya umatha kuwononga mapapu anu komanso mpweya.

Kusuta kumakhudzanso malingaliro. Malinga ndi omwe amayang'ana amuna azaka 65 aku Caucasus, kusuta kumachepetsa chiyembekezo chokhala ndi moyo kwa iwo omwe ali ndi COPD yomaliza pafupifupi zaka 6.

Pafupipafupi maulendo a dokotala

Kukula kwanu kumatha kukhala kwabwino ngati mukutsatira zomwe mwalandira, kutsatira mayendedwe anu onse azachipatala, komanso kuti dokotala wanu azidziwa zosintha zilizonse zomwe muli nazo. Muyenera kuwunika mawonekedwe anu am'mapapo ndikugwira ntchito patsogolo.

Kulimbana ndi COPD

Kulimbana ndi COPD kungakhale kovuta kokwanira osasungulumwa komanso mantha chifukwa cha matendawa. Ngakhale amene akukusamalirani komanso anthu omwe muli nawo pafupi akuthandizani ndikulimbikitsani, mutha kupindulabe chifukwa chocheza ndi ena omwe ali ndi COPD.

Kumva kuchokera kwa munthu yemwe akukumana ndi vuto lomwelo kungakhale kothandiza. Atha kupereka chidziwitso chamtengo wapatali, monga ndemanga zamankhwala osiyanasiyana omwe mukugwiritsa ntchito komanso zomwe muyenera kuyembekezera.

Kusunga moyo wanu ndikofunikira pakadali pano. Pali njira zomwe mungatenge, monga kuwunika momwe mpweya ulili komanso kupumira. Komabe, COPD yanu ikakulirakulira, mungapindule ndi chisamaliro chowonjezera kapena chisamaliro cha odwala.

Mafunso ndi mayankho: Odzipeputsa

Funso:

Ndili ndi chidwi chopeza chopangira chinyezi cha COPD yanga. Kodi izi zingandithandizire kapena kupweteketsa zizindikiro zanga?

Yankho:

Ngati kupuma kwanu kumakhudza mpweya wouma ndipo mumakhala m'malo ouma, kungakhale kopindulitsa kusungunula mpweya m'nyumba mwanu, chifukwa izi zingathandize kupewa kapena kuchepetsa zizindikilo zanu za COPD.

Komabe, ngati mpweya mnyumba mwanu uli ndi chinyezi chokwanira kale, chinyezi chochulukirapo chimapangitsa kuti zikhale zovuta kupuma. Chinyezi pafupifupi 40% chimawerengedwa kuti ndi chabwino kwa munthu amene ali ndi COPD.

Kuphatikiza pa chopangira chinyezi, mutha kugulanso hygrometer kuti muyese bwino chinyezi mkati mwanu.

Kuganizira kwina ndi chopangira chinyezi ndikuonetsetsa kuti kuyeretsa ndikukonza bwino kumachitidwa kuti pasakhale doko la nkhungu ndi zonyansa zina, zomwe zitha kupweteketsa kupuma kwanu.

Pomaliza, ngati mukuganiza zogwiritsa ntchito chopangira chinyezi, muyenera kuyendetsa izi ndi dokotala wanu, yemwe angakuthandizeni kudziwa ngati iyi ingakhale njira yothandiza yopumitsira mpweya wanu malingana ndi momwe mulili.