Matenda a shuga: Zoona, Ziwerengero, ndi Inu

Zamkati

• Mitundu ya matenda ashuga
• Matenda a shuga
• Type 1 shuga
• Type 2 matenda ashuga
• Matenda a shuga
• Kukula ndi zochitika
• Zomwe zimayambitsa komanso zoopsa
• Zovuta
• Mtengo wa matenda ashuga

Matenda a shuga ndi nthawi yamagulu amisala yomwe imayambitsa kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi (glucose) mthupi. Glucose ndi gwero lalikulu la mphamvu kuubongo, minofu, ndi ziwalo.

Mukamadya, thupi lanu limaphwanya chakudya kukhala shuga. Izi zimayambitsa kapamba kutulutsa hormone yotchedwa insulin. Insulini imagwira ntchito ngati kiyi yemwe amalola shuga kulowa m'maselo kuchokera m'magazi. Ngati thupi lanu silitulutsa insulini yokwanira yoyendetsera bwino shuga, silingagwire ntchito kapena kuchita bwino. Izi zimatulutsa zizindikilo za matenda ashuga.

Matenda ashuga osalamulirika atha kubweretsa zovuta zazikulu powononga mitsempha yamagazi ndi ziwalo. Ikhoza kuonjezera chiopsezo cha:

• matenda amtima
• sitiroko
• matenda a impso
• kuwonongeka kwa mitsempha
• matenda amaso

Zakudya zopatsa thanzi komanso kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi zitha kuthandizira kuthana ndi matenda ashuga, koma ndikofunikiranso kutsatira kuchuluka kwa magazi m'magazi. Chithandizo chake chingaphatikizepo kumwa insulin kapena mankhwala ena.

Mitundu ya matenda ashuga

Nayi kuwonongeka kwamitundu yosiyanasiyana ya matenda ashuga:

• Matenda a shuga. Mulingo wama glucose am'magazi ndiokwera kwambiri kuposa omwe amawoneka kuti ndi abwinobwino, koma osakwera mokwanira kuti akhale oyenera matenda ashuga.
• Type 1 shuga. Mphukira sizimatulutsa insulini.
• Type 2 matenda ashuga. Mphepete sizimapanga insulini yokwanira kapena thupi lanu silingagwiritse ntchito moyenera.
• Matenda a shuga. Amayi oyembekezera sangathe kupanga ndikugwiritsa ntchito insulin yonse yomwe amafunikira panthawi yapakati.

Matenda a shuga

Malinga ndi American Diabetes Association (ADA), anthu omwe amakhala ndi matenda a shuga amtundu wa 2 nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi ma prediabetes. Izi zikutanthauza kuti kuchuluka kwa shuga wamagazi kumakwezedwa, koma osakwanira kwenikweni kuti angaoneke ngati matenda ashuga. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) ikuyerekeza kuti achikulire aku America ali ndi matenda a shuga, ndipo 90% samadziwika.

Type 1 shuga

Ndi matenda a shuga amtundu wa 1, kapamba sangathe kupanga insulin. Malinga ndi ADA, anthu aku America okwana 1.25 miliyoni ali ndi vutoli. Izi ndi pafupifupi 5 peresenti ya onse omwe amapezeka. ADA ikuyerekeza kuti anthu 40,000 amalandila matenda amtundu 1 chaka chilichonse ku United States.

Type 2 matenda ashuga

Mtundu wa 2 wa matenda ashuga ndiwo mtundu wofala kwambiri wa matenda ashuga. Ndi vutoli, kapamba amatha kupanga insulin, koma maselo amthupi lanu sangathe kuyankha bwino. Izi zimadziwika kuti insulin kukana. Zomwe akuti 90 mpaka 95 peresenti ya omwe amapezeka ndi matenda ashuga amtundu wa 2.

Matenda a shuga

Mtundu uwu wa shuga umayamba panthawi yoyembekezera. CDC imaganizira pakati pa mimba ku United States imakhudzidwa ndi matenda a shuga chaka chilichonse. Malinga ndi National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK), azimayi omwe ali ndi vuto la matenda ashuga amakhala ndi mwayi wambiri wopeza matenda ashuga amtundu wachiwiri mzaka 10.

Kukula ndi zochitika

Malinga ndi a, akulu oposa 100 miliyoni ku United States ali ndi matenda ashuga kapena prediabetes. Amazindikira kuti mu 2015, kapena pafupifupi 10 peresenti ya anthu, anali ndi matenda ashuga. Mwa ndalamazo, a ADA akuti 7.2 miliyoni sanadziwe kuti ali nazo.

CDC's ikuwonetsa kuti matenda a shuga kwa anthu azaka zaku America azaka 18 kapena kupitilira apo akuchulukirachulukira, ndikupeza kwatsopano komwe kumachitika pafupifupi chaka chilichonse. Manambalawa anali ofanana kwa amuna ndi akazi.

Zomwe zimayambitsa komanso zoopsa

Poyamba ankadziwika kuti matenda a shuga achichepere, mtundu woyamba wa matenda a shuga amapezeka nthawi zambiri ali mwana. Pafupifupi 5 peresenti ya anthu omwe ali ndi matenda ashuga ali ndi mtundu woyamba, akuti ADA.

Ngakhale zinthu monga ma genetics ndi ma virus ena angapangitse matendawa, chomwe chimayambitsa sichidziwika. Palibe mankhwala apano kapena kupewa kulikonse, koma pali mankhwala othandizira kuthana ndi zizindikilo.

Chiwopsezo chokhala ndi matenda amtundu wa 2 chikuwonjezeka mukamakula. Mwinanso mumakhala ndi kachilomboka ngati mutakhala ndi matenda ashuga kapena matenda asanakwane. Zina mwaziwopsezo zimaphatikizapo kunenepa kwambiri kapena kukhala ndi mbiri yokhudzana ndi matenda ashuga.

Ngakhale kuti simungathe kuthetseratu chiopsezo cha matenda a shuga a mtundu wachiwiri, kudya zakudya zopatsa thanzi, kuchepetsa thupi, komanso kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi nthawi zonse kungathandize kupewa.

Mitundu ina ili pachiwopsezo chachikulu chotenga matenda amtundu wa 2, nawonso. Izi:

• Anthu aku Africa-America
• Anthu a ku Puerto Rico / Latino-America
• Amwenye Achimereka
• Hawaiian / Pacific Islands Achimereka
• Anthu aku Asia-America

Zovuta

Khungu ndi vuto lodziwika bwino la matenda ashuga. Matenda a shuga, makamaka, ndiwo amachititsa khungu pakati pa anthu omwe ali ndi matenda ashuga. Ndicho chomwe chimayambitsa kutayika kwa masomphenya pakati pa achikulire ogwira ntchito, malinga ndi National Eye Institute.

Matenda ashuga nawonso amayambitsa impso kulephera. Kuwonongeka kwa mitsempha, kapena matenda amitsempha, kumakhudza gawo lalikulu la anthu omwe ali ndi matenda ashuga.

Anthu ambiri omwe ali ndi matenda ashuga ali ndi vuto m'manja ndi m'mapazi, kapena matenda a carpal. Matenda ashuga amathanso kuyambitsa kugaya kwam'mimba komanso kusokonekera kwa erectile. Izi zimakulitsanso chiopsezo cha kuthamanga kwa magazi, matenda amtima, ndi sitiroko. Matenda ashuga amathanso kuyambitsa chiwalo chakumunsi.

Malinga ndi ADA, matenda ashuga ndi omwe amachititsa kuti anthu azifa kwambiri ku United States.

Mtengo wa matenda ashuga

Kuti mumve zambiri, onani malangizo athu azaumoyo amtundu wa 1 ndi mtundu wa 2 shuga.