Bipolar Disorder ndi Chilengedwe

Zamkati

• Kodi bipolar disorder ndi chiyani?
• Matenda okhumudwa
• Mania
• Hypomania
• Kodi pali ulalo pakati pa kusinthasintha kwa malingaliro ndi chilengedwe?

Chidule

Anthu ambiri omwe ali ndi matenda osinthasintha zochitika amadzionetsera kuti ali ndi luso lotha kupanga zinthu. Pali ojambula ambiri odziwika bwino, ochita zisudzo, komanso oyimba omwe ali ndi vuto losinthasintha zochitika. Izi zikuphatikiza wojambula komanso woyimba Demi Lovato, wosewera komanso womenyera nkhonya Jean-Claude Van Damme, komanso wochita zisudzo Catherine Zeta-Jones.

Anthu ena otchuka omwe amakhulupirira kuti anali ndi matenda a maganizo ochititsa munthu kusinthasintha zochitika ndi monga Vincent Van Gogh, wolemba Virginia Woolf, ndi woimba Kurt Cobain. Ndiye kodi kulenga kumakhudzana bwanji ndi vuto la kusinthasintha zochitika?

Kodi bipolar disorder ndi chiyani?

Bipolar matenda ndimatenda amisala omwe amachititsa kusintha kwakanthawi kwamalingaliro. Zosintha zimasinthasintha pakati pa kukondwa, kukhathamira kwamphamvu (mania) ndi zomvetsa chisoni, zolefuka (kutaya mtima). Kusintha uku kumatha kuchitika kangapo sabata iliyonse kapena kangapo pachaka.

Pali mitundu itatu yayikulu yamatenda osokoneza bongo. Izi zikuphatikiza:

• Matenda a Bipolar I. Anthu omwe ali ndi matenda ochititsa munthu kusinthasintha zochitika ndili ndi gawo limodzi lamankhwala. Zigawo zamankhwala izi zimatha kutsogozedwa kapena kutsatiridwa ndi gawo lalikulu lachisoni, koma kukhumudwa sikofunikira pamavuto abipolar I.
• Matenda a Bipolar II. Anthu omwe ali ndi matenda ochititsa munthu kusinthasintha zochitika amakhala ndi vuto limodzi lokha lokhumudwitsa kapena lokhalitsa pafupifupi milungu iwiri, komanso gawo limodzi kapena angapo ofatsa okhalitsa omwe amakhala masiku osachepera anayi. M'magawo azachiphamaso, anthu amakhalabe osangalatsa, olimbikira, komanso opupuluma. Komabe, zizindikirazo ndizocheperako kuposa zomwe zimakhudzana ndi zochitika zamankhwala.
• Matenda a cyclothymic. Anthu omwe ali ndi vuto la cyclothymic, kapena cyclothymia, amakumana ndi magawo azisokonekera komanso okhumudwa kwazaka ziwiri kapena kupitilira apo. Kusintha kwa malingaliro kumakhala kovuta kwambiri mumtunduwu wamavuto abipolar.

Ngakhale pali mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya matenda osokoneza bongo, zizindikiro za hypomania, mania, ndi kukhumudwa ndizofanana kwa anthu ambiri. Zizindikiro zina zofala ndi izi:

Matenda okhumudwa

• kumangokhalira kumva chisoni kwambiri kapena kukhumudwa
• kutaya chidwi ndi zinthu zomwe kale zinali zosangalatsa
• kuvuta kulingalira, kupanga zisankho, ndi kukumbukira zinthu
• kuda nkhawa kapena kukwiya
• kudya kwambiri kapena mopitirira muyeso
• kugona kwambiri kapena moperewera
• kuganiza kapena kulankhula za imfa kapena kudzipha
• kuyesa kudzipha

Mania

• kukhala ndi chisangalalo chopitilira muyeso kapena kutuluka kwakanthawi kwakanthawi
• kukwiya kwambiri
• kuyankhula mwachangu, kusintha mwachangu malingaliro osiyanasiyana pokambirana, kapena kukhala ndi malingaliro othamanga
• kulephera kuyang'ana
• Kuyambitsa zochitika zingapo zatsopano kapena mapulojekiti
• kumverera kwachabechabe
• kugona pang'ono kapena ayi
• kuchita zinthu mopupuluma komanso kutenga nawo mbali pamakhalidwe owopsa

Hypomania

Zizindikiro za Hypomania ndizofanana ndi zizindikilo za mania, koma zimasiyana m'njira ziwiri:

1. Ndi hypomania, kusinthasintha kwamalingaliro nthawi zambiri kumakhala kovuta kwambiri kusokoneza kwambiri kuthekera kwa munthu kuchita zochitika za tsiku ndi tsiku.
2. Palibe zizindikilo za psychotic zomwe zimachitika panthawi yachisokonezo. Panthawi yamanjenje, zizindikiro za psychotic zimaphatikizaponso zonyenga, kuyerekezera zinthu m'maganizo, ndi paranoia.

M'magawo azamisala ndi hypomania, anthu nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi chidwi komanso kutengeka, zomwe zitha kuwalimbikitsa kuyambitsa zatsopano.

Kodi pali ulalo pakati pa kusinthasintha kwa malingaliro ndi chilengedwe?

Pakhoza kukhala tsopano pofotokozera zasayansi pazomwe zimapangitsa kuti anthu ambiri opanga zinthu azikhala ndi vuto losinthasintha zochitika. Kafukufuku waposachedwa awonetsa kuti anthu omwe ali ndi vuto la kusinthasintha zochitika amakhala ndi mwayi wambiri kuposa ena owonetsa luso lotsogola, makamaka m'malo azaluso pomwe luso lamalankhula limathandiza.

Pakafukufuku wina kuyambira 2015, ofufuza adatenga IQ ya ana pafupifupi azaka 8 azaka 8, ndikuwayesa ali ndi zaka 22 kapena 23 pazikhalidwe zamunthu. Adapeza kuti IQ yapaubwana yayikulu imalumikizidwa ndi zizindikilo za matenda osokoneza bongo pambuyo pake m'moyo. Pachifukwa ichi, ofufuzawo amakhulupirira kuti mawonekedwe amtundu wa matenda ochititsa munthu kusinthasintha zochitika amatha kukhala othandiza poti nawonso atha kukhala ndi machitidwe opindulitsa.

Ofufuza ena apezanso kulumikizana pakati pa majini, kusinthasintha kwa malingaliro, ndi luso. Mu ina, ofufuza adasanthula DNA ya anthu opitilira 86,000 kuti ayang'ane majini omwe amachulukitsa chiwopsezo cha matenda amisala komanso schizophrenia. Adanenanso ngati anthuwa adagwira nawo ntchito kapena anali ogwirizana ndi zochitika zaluso, monga kuvina, kusewera, nyimbo, ndi kulemba. Adapeza kuti anthu opanga zinthu ali ndi mwayi wokwanira 25% kuposa anthu omwe sanachite zachilengedwe kuti azinyamula majini omwe amapezeka ndi bipolar ndi schizophrenia.

Sikuti anthu onse omwe ali ndi vuto losinthasintha zochitika amakhala opanga, ndipo sianthu onse opanga omwe ali ndi vuto losinthasintha zochitika. Komabe, zikuwoneka kuti pali kulumikizana pakati pa majini omwe amabweretsa matenda osokoneza bongo komanso luso la munthu.