Kodi Zaka 7 Zoyambirira Za Moyo Zimatanthauzadi Chilichonse?
Zamkati
- M'zaka zoyambirira za moyo, ubongo umapanga makina ake mwachangu
- Masitaelo ophatikizira amakhudza momwe munthu amapangira ubale wamtsogolo
- Pofika zaka 7, ana akuyika zidutswazo palimodzi
- Kodi 'zabwino mokwanira' ndizokwanira?
Zikafika pakukula kwa mwana, zanenedwa kuti zochitika zofunika kwambiri pamoyo wa mwana zimachitika ali ndi zaka 7. M'malo mwake, wafilosofi wamkulu wachi Greek Aristotle nthawi ina adati, "Ndipatseni mwana mpaka atakwanitsa zaka 7 ndipo ndikuwonetsa. ndiwe munthuyo. ”
Monga kholo, kugwiritsa ntchito chiphunzitsochi kumatha kubweretsa nkhawa zambiri. Kodi thanzi la mwana wanga wamkazi lidakwaniritsidwa m'masiku 2,555 oyamba atakhalako?
Koma monga mitundu yakulera, malingaliro amakulidwe a ana amathanso kukhala achikale komanso osatsutsidwa. Mwachitsanzo, mwa, madotolo amakhulupirira kuti kudyetsa ana mkaka wa mkaka kuli bwino kuposa kuyamwitsa. Ndipo sizinali kale kwambiri kuti madokotala ankaganiza kuti makolo "angawononge" makanda awo powasunga kwambiri. Masiku ano, malingaliro onse awiri achotsedwapo.
Ndili ndi malingaliro awa, tiyenera kudabwa ngati alipo posachedwapa kafukufuku amathandizira malingaliro a Aristotle. Mwanjira ina, kodi pali bukhu lamasewera la makolo loti lithandizire kuti ana athu azichita bwino mtsogolo komanso kukhala achimwemwe?
Monga mbali zambiri zakulera, yankho silili lakuda kapena loyera. Ngakhale kupanga malo otetezeka kwa ana athu ndikofunikira, mikhalidwe yopanda ungwiro monga kupwetekedwa msanga, matenda, kapena kuvulala sizitanthauza kuti mwana wathu akhale ndi moyo wabwino wonse. Chifukwa chake zaka zisanu ndi ziwiri zoyambirira za moyo sizingatanthauze Chilichonse, osatinso pang'ono - koma kafukufuku akuwonetsa kuti zaka zisanu ndi ziwirizi ndizofunikira kwambiri pakukula kwa luso la kucheza ndi mwana wanu.
M'zaka zoyambirira za moyo, ubongo umapanga makina ake mwachangu
Zambiri kuchokera ku Harvard University zikuwonetsa kuti ubongo umakula msanga mzaka zoyambirira za moyo. Ana asanakwanitse zaka 3, amakhala akupanga kulumikizana kwa 1 miliyoni mphindi iliyonse. Maulalowa amakhala mapu aubongo, opangidwa ndi kuphatikiza kwa chilengedwe ndi kusamalira, makamaka kuyanjana kwa "kutumikira ndi kubwerera".
M'chaka choyamba cha moyo wa mwana, kulira ndizizindikiro zofala kwa wowasamalira. Kutumikirana ndikutumikirana pano ndipamene wowasamalira amayankha kulira kwa mwana powadyetsa, kusintha thewera, kapena kuwagwedeza kuti agone.
Komabe, makanda akakhala aang'ono, amatumikiranso ndikubwezera kuyanjananso kumatha kuwonetsedwa posewera masewera abodza. Kuyanjana uku kumawuza ana kuti mumamvetsera ndipo mumachita zomwe akuyesera kunena. Itha kukhala maziko amomwe mwana amaphunzirira zikhalidwe, kulumikizana, komanso maubwenzi.
Ali wakhanda, mwana wanga wamkazi amakonda kusewera masewera pomwe amachotsa magetsi ndikuti, "Gona!" Ndinkatseka maso anga ndikufufuma pakama, ndikumuseka. Kenako amandiuza kuti ndidzuke. Mayankho anga anali kutsimikizira, ndipo kulumikizana kwathu kumbuyo ndi kutsogolo kunakhala mtima wamasewera.
"Tikudziwa kuchokera ku ma neuroscience kuti ma neuron amayaka pamodzi, amatulutsa waya pamodzi," akutero a Hilary Jacobs Hendel, katswiri wama psychology wodziwa kuphatikana ndi zoopsa. "Kulumikizana kwa Neural kuli ngati mizu ya mtengo, maziko omwe kukula konse kumachitika," akutero.
Izi zimapangitsa kuti ziwoneke ngati zopanikizika pamoyo - monga mavuto azachuma, zovuta pamaubwenzi, ndi matenda - zimakhudza kwambiri kukula kwa mwana wanu, makamaka ngati akusokonezani ntchito yanu ndikubwezeretsanso kulumikizana kwanu. Koma ngakhale kuwopa kuti kutanganidwa kwambiri ndi ntchito kapena kusokonezedwa ndi mafoni am'manja kumatha kuyambitsa mavuto, zoyipa kumatha kukhala nkhawa, sizipanga aliyense kukhala kholo loyipa.
Kuperewera kwakanthawi kogwiritsa ntchito ndikubwezera zomwe sizingalepheretse kukula kwa ubongo wa mwana wathu. Izi ndichifukwa choti "kuphonya" kwakanthawi sikuti nthawi zonse kumakhala njira zosagwira. Koma kwa makolo omwe amakhala ndi zovuta pamoyo mosalekeza, ndikofunikira kuti musanyalanyaze kuchita nawo ana anu pazaka zoyambazi. Zida zophunzirira monga kulingalira zitha kuthandiza makolo kukhala "opezeka" kwambiri ndi ana awo.
Mwa kusamalira nthawi yapano ndikuchepetsa zosokoneza za tsiku ndi tsiku, chidwi chathu chidzakhala ndi nthawi yosavuta kuzindikira zopempha za mwana wathu kuti azilumikizana. Kugwiritsa ntchito chidziwitso ichi ndi luso lofunikira: Kutumikiranso ndikubwezeretsanso kulumikizana kumatha kukhudza kalembedwe kakang'ono ka mwana, zomwe zimakhudza momwe angakhalire maubale mtsogolo.
Masitaelo ophatikizira amakhudza momwe munthu amapangira ubale wamtsogolo
Masitaelo ophatikizira ndi gawo lina lofunikira pakukula kwa mwana. Amachokera ku ntchito ya psychologist Mary Ainsworth. Mu 1969, Ainsworth adachita kafukufuku wotchedwa "zachilendo." Anawona momwe makanda amachitira amayi awo akamatuluka mchipinda, komanso momwe amachitira akabwerera. Kutengera ndi zomwe adawona, adatsimikiza kuti pali mitundu inayi yolumikizira yomwe ana angakhale nayo:
- chitetezo
- osadandaula
- wopewa kuda nkhawa
- wosakhazikika
Ainsworth adapeza kuti ana otetezeka amakhala ndi nkhawa pamene wowasamalira achoka, koma adatonthozedwa akabwerera. Kumbali inayi, ana omwe amakhala ndi nkhawa amakhala okwiya pamaso pa omwe akuwasamalira asananyamuke ndikukakamira akabwerera.
Ana omwe amapewa kuda nkhawa sakhumudwitsidwa ndi kusowa kwa wowasamalira, komanso samakondwera akamalowa mchipinda. Ndiye pali kusakanikirana kosagwirizana. Izi zimagwiranso ntchito kwa ana omwe amazunzidwa mwakuthupi ndi m'maganizo. Kulumikizana kosagwirizana kumapangitsa kuti zikhale zovuta kuti ana azimva kutonthozedwa ndi omwe amawasamalira - ngakhale omwe amawasamalira sakuvulaza.
"Ngati makolo 'ali okwanira' kusamalira ndi kusamalira ana awo, 30 peresenti ya nthawiyo, mwanayo amayamba kukonda kwambiri," akutero Hendel. Ananenanso, "Choyikapo ndikulimba mtima kuthana ndi zovuta pamoyo." Ndipo kulumikizidwa motetezeka ndi njira yabwino.
Ana otetezedwa bwino amatha kumva chisoni makolo awo akachoka, koma amatha kulimbikitsidwa ndi owasamalira ena. Amasangalalanso makolo awo akabwerera, kuwonetsa kuti amazindikira kuti ubale ndiwodalirika komanso wodalirika. Pakukula, ana omwe amakhala otetezeka amatengera ubale ndi makolo, aphunzitsi, ndi anzawo kuti awatsogolere. Amaona kuyanjana uku ngati malo "otetezeka" komwe zosowa zawo zakwaniritsidwa.
Masitaelo ophatikizira amakhazikitsidwa adakali aang'ono ndipo atha kukhudza kukhutira ndi ubale wamunthu atakula. Monga katswiri wamaganizidwe, ndawona momwe kalembedwe kamene munthu angakhudzire ubale wawo wapamtima. Mwachitsanzo, achikulire omwe makolo awo amasamalira zosowa zawo za chitetezo powapatsa chakudya ndi malo ogona koma osanyalanyaza zosowa zawo zamaganizidwe atha kukhala ndi chizolowezi chopewa kuda nkhawa.
Akuluakuluwa nthawi zambiri amawopa kulumikizana kwambiri ndipo amatha "kukana" ena kuti adziteteze ku zowawa. Akuluakulu omwe amakhala ndi nkhawa atha kuwopa kutayidwa, kuwapangitsa kuti azimva kukanidwa.
Koma kukhala ndi mawonekedwe apadera osalumikizana sikumapeto kwa nkhaniyi. Ndachiritsa anthu ambiri omwe sanamangiridwe bwino, koma ndikupanga njira zabwino zachibale pobwera kuchipatala.
Pofika zaka 7, ana akuyika zidutswazo palimodzi
Ngakhale zaka zisanu ndi ziwiri zoyambirira sizimatsimikizira chisangalalo cha mwana kwa moyo wonse, ubongo womwe ukukula mofulumira umakhazikitsa maziko olimba amomwe amalumikizirana komanso kulumikizana ndi dziko lapansi pokonza momwe akumvera.
Pomwe ana amafika, amayamba kupatukana ndi omwe akuwasamalira poyambira kupanga anzawo. Amayambanso kulakalaka kuvomerezedwa ndi anzawo ndipo amakhala okonzeka kulankhula zakukhosi kwawo.
Mwana wanga wamkazi ali ndi zaka 7, adatha kunena kuti akufuna kupeza bwenzi labwino. Anayambanso kuyika mfundo pamodzi ngati njira yofotokozera zakukhosi kwake.
Mwachitsanzo, nthawi ina adanditcha "wosweka mtima" chifukwa chokana kumupatsa maswiti akaweruka kusukulu. Nditamufunsa kuti afotokoze "wosweka mtima," adayankha molondola, "Ndi munthu yemwe amakupweteketsani chifukwa samakupatsani zomwe mukufuna."
Ana azaka zisanu ndi ziwiri amathanso kupanga tanthauzo lakuya lazomwe zimawazungulira. Angathe kuyankhula mofanizira, kuwonetsa luso loganiza bwino. Mwana wanga wamkazi nthawi ina anafunsa mosalakwa, "Mvula iletsa liti kuvina?" M'malingaliro ake, mayendedwe amvula adafanana ndi magule.
Kodi 'zabwino mokwanira' ndizokwanira?
Zitha kumveka zopanda chiyembekezo, koma kulera ana "zokwanira" - ndiye kuti, kukwaniritsa zosowa zathupi zakuthupi ndi zamaganizidwe mwa kuwaphikira chakudya, kuwanyamulira pabedi usiku uliwonse, kuyankha zikwangwani, komanso kusangalala ndi nthawi yosangalala - zitha kuthandiza ana kukula kulumikizana kwabwino kwa ma neural.
Ndipo izi ndizomwe zimathandiza kupanga mawonekedwe otetezedwa otetezedwa ndikuthandizira ana kukwaniritsa zochitika zazikulu pang'onopang'ono. Patsiku lolowa mu "tweendom," azaka 7 azindikira ntchito zambiri zakukula kwaubwana, ndikukonzekera gawo lotsatira lakukula.
Monga mayi, ngati mwana wamkazi; ngati bambo, monga mwana - m'njira zambiri, mawu akale awa amamveka ngati a Aristotle. Monga makolo, sitingathe kuwongolera chilichonse pabwino la mwana wathu. Koma zomwe tingachite ndikuwakonzekeretsa kuchita bwino popanga nawo gawo ngati wamkulu wodalirika. Tingawawonetsere momwe timayendetsera zokonda zathu, kuti akadzaona maubwenzi awo alephera, kusudzulana, kapena kupsinjika kwa ntchito, athe kukumbukira momwe amayi kapena abambo adachitila ali achinyamata.
Juli Fraga ndi katswiri wazamisala wokhala ku San Francisco. Anamaliza maphunziro a PsyD ku University of Northern Colorado ndikupita ku chiyanjano ku UC Berkeley. Wokonda zaumoyo wa amayi, amayandikira magawo ake onse mwachikondi, moona mtima, komanso mwachifundo. Mupeze iye pa Twitter.