Pituitary Gland: ndi chiyani komanso ndi chiyani

Zamkati

• Ndi chiyani

Pituitary gland, yomwe imadziwikanso kuti pituitary gland, ndi gland yomwe ili muubongo yomwe imayambitsa kupanga mahomoni angapo omwe amalola ndikusunga magwiridwe antchito a thupi.

Zochita za pituitary gland zimayang'aniridwa ndi hypothalamus, yomwe ndi gawo laubongo lomwe limawona kufunika kwa thupi ndikutumiza chidziwitso kwa chithandizocho kuti zochitika mthupi ziziyendetsedwa bwino. Chifukwa chake, pituitary imagwira ntchito zingapo mthupi, monga kuwongolera kagayidwe, kukula, kusamba, kupanga mazira ndi umuna ndi zachilengedwe za corticosteroids.

Ndi chiyani

Matenda a pituitary amachititsa ntchito zosiyanasiyana za thupi, monga metabolism, kusamba, kukula ndi kupanga mkaka m'mawere, mwachitsanzo. Ntchitoyi imagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga mahomoni angapo, yayikulu ndiyo:

• GH, yomwe imadziwikanso kuti kukula kwa mahomoni, imathandizira kukula kwa ana ndi achinyamata komanso imathandizira kwambiri pakudya. Kuwonjezeka kwa kupanga kwa GH kumabweretsa gigantism komanso kuchepa kwa kapangidwe kake, kuchepa. Phunzirani zambiri za kukula kwa hormone;
• ACTH. chamoyo kuzinthu zosiyanasiyana. Onani pomwe pangakhale zazikulu kapena zochepa kupanga kwa ACTH;
• Oxytocin, yomwe ndi hormone yomwe imayambitsa chiberekero panthawi yobereka komanso kulimbikitsa mkaka, kuwonjezera pakuchepetsa kupsinjika ndikulimbana ndi nkhawa komanso kukhumudwa. Dziwani zovuta zazikulu za oxytocin mthupi;
• TSH, yomwe imadziwikanso kuti hormone yotulutsa chithokomiro, chifukwa ndi yomwe imapangitsa kuti chithokomiro chikhale ndi mahomoni a T3 ndi T4, omwe ndi ofunikira kuti kagayidwe kake kagwire bwino. Dziwani zambiri za TSH;
• FSH ndipo LH, yotchedwa follicle yotulutsa mahormoni ndi luteinizing hormone motsatana. Mahomoniwa amachita molimbikitsa mwa kupanga mahomoni achikazi ndi achimuna, kuphatikiza pakupanga ndi kusasitsa umuna mwa abambo ndi mazira mwa akazi.

Zizindikiro zosagwira bwino ntchito ya pituitary gland imatha kuzindikirika kudzera pazizindikiro zomwe zimatuluka kutengera mahomoni omwe mapangidwe ake adakula kapena kuchepa. Mwachitsanzo, ngati pali kusintha pankhani yopanga ndi kumasula GH, zitha kuzindikirika kukula kwakukula kwa mwanayo, wotchedwa gigantism, kapena kuchepa kwa kukula, komwe kumachitika chifukwa chakuchepa kwa katulutsidwe ka hormone iyi, momwe zinthu ziliri amadziwika kuti dwarfism.

Kuchepa kapena kuchepa kwa kapangidwe ka mahomoni angapo olamulidwa ndi pituitary kumatha kubweretsa vuto lotchedwa panhipopituitarismo, momwe ntchito zingapo zamthupi zimakhudzidwira, ndipo munthuyo ayenera kupanga kusintha kwa mahomoni m'moyo kuti ntchito zake zizisamalidwa. Phunzirani momwe mungadziwire panhipopituitarism ndi zizindikilo zazikulu.