Glioma: chimene chiri, madigiri, mitundu, zizindikiro ndi chithandizo

Zamkati

• Mitundu ndi digiri ya Glioma
• Zizindikiro zazikulu
• Momwe mankhwalawa amachitikira

Gliomas ndi zotupa zamaubongo momwe ma cell am'magazi amathandizira, omwe ndi ma cell omwe amapanga Central Nervous System (CNS) ndipo ali ndi udindo wothandizira ma neuron ndikugwira bwino ntchito kwamanjenje. Chotupa chamtunduwu chimayambitsa chibadwa, koma sichimachokera kubadwa. Komabe, ngati pali zochitika m'banja la glioma, tikulimbikitsidwa kuti upangiri wamtunduwu uchitike kuti muwone ngati pali zosintha zokhudzana ndi matendawa.

Gliomas amatha kusankhidwa malinga ndi komwe amakhala, maselo omwe akukhudzidwa, kuchuluka kwakukula ndiukali ndipo, malingana ndi izi, dokotala wamkulu ndi neurologist amatha kudziwa chithandizo choyenera kwambiri pamilandu, yomwe nthawi zambiri imachitika kudzera mu opaleshoni yotsatira chemo ndi radiotherapy.

Mitundu ndi digiri ya Glioma

Gliomas amatha kusankhidwa malinga ndi maselo omwe akukhudzidwa ndi komwe amakhala:

• Nyenyezi, yomwe imachokera ku ma astrocyte, omwe ndi ma cell am'magazi omwe amachititsa ma cell signature, zakudya zama neuron ndikuwongolera kwa homeostatic dongosolo la neuronal;
• Epidendiomas, yomwe imachokera m'maselo a ependymal, omwe ali ndi udindo wokutira zotupa zomwe zimapezeka muubongo ndikuloleza kuyenda kwa madzimadzi a cerebrospinal, CSF;
• Oligodendrogliomas, omwe amachokera ku oligodendrocyte, omwe ndi maselo omwe amachititsa kuti myelin sheath, yomwe ndi minofu yomwe imayendetsa maselo amitsempha.

Popeza ma astrocyte amapezeka kwambiri mumanjenje, kupezeka kwa ma astrocytomas kumachitika pafupipafupi, pomwe glioblastoma kapena grade IV astrocytoma imakhala yovuta kwambiri komanso yodziwika bwino, yomwe imatha kudziwika ndi kuchuluka kwakukula komanso mphamvu yolowerera, zomwe zimabweretsa zizindikilo zingapo zomwe zitha kuyika moyo wamunthu pachiwopsezo. Mvetsetsani chomwe glioblastoma ndi.

Malinga ndi kuchuluka kwaukali, glioma ikhoza kusankhidwa kukhala:

• Kalasi I, zomwe zimafala kwambiri kwa ana, ngakhale ndizosowa, ndipo zimatha kuthetsedwa mosavuta kudzera mu opaleshoni, popeza ikukula pang'onopang'ono ndipo ilibe mphamvu yolowerera;
• Gawo II, yomwe imakulanso pang'onopang'ono koma imatha kulowerera minyewa ya muubongo ndipo, ngati matendawo sanapangidwe koyambirira kwa matendawa, amatha kukhala grade III kapena IV, zomwe zitha kuyika moyo wa munthu pachiwopsezo. Poterepa, kuwonjezera pa opaleshoni, chemotherapy ikulimbikitsidwa;
• Gulu lachitatu, yomwe imadziwika ndikukula mwachangu ndipo imatha kufalikira mosavuta ndi ubongo;
• Kalasi IV, yomwe ndi yolusa kwambiri, popeza kuwonjezera pa kuchuluka kwakubwereza imafalikira mwachangu, ndikuyika moyo wa munthu pachiwopsezo.

Kuphatikiza apo, ma gliomas amatha kuwerengedwa kuti ndi ochepa kukula, monga momwe zimakhalira mu grade I ndi II glioma, komanso kuchuluka kwakukula, monga momwe zimakhalira ndi gliomas a grade III ndi IV, omwe ndi akulu kwambiri chifukwa cha izi kuti chotupacho chimatha kubwereza mwachangu ndikulowa m'malo ena am'minyewa yaubongo, ndikuwononga moyo wamunthuyo.

Zizindikiro zazikulu

Zizindikiro za glioma zimadziwika pokhapokha ngati chotupacho chikupondereza mitsempha kapena msana, ndipo zimatha kusiyanasiyana kutengera kukula, mawonekedwe ndi kukula kwa glioma, zazikuluzikulu ndizo:

• Mutu;
• Kupweteka;
• Nseru kapena kusanza;
• Zovuta kukhalabe olimba;
• Kusokonezeka maganizo;
• Kutaya kukumbukira:
• Khalidwe limasintha;
• Kufooka mbali imodzi ya thupi;
• Kulankhula kovuta.

Kutengera kuwunika kwa zizindikiritsozi, dokotala kapena neurologist amatha kuwonetsa magwiridwe antchito amalingaliro amalingaliro kuti atulukire, monga computed tomography ndi kujambula kwa maginito, mwachitsanzo. Kuchokera pazotsatira zomwe adapeza, adotolo amatha kudziwa komwe kuli chotupacho komanso kukula kwake, kutha kudziwa kuchuluka kwa glioma ndipo, motero, akuwonetsa chithandizo choyenera kwambiri.

Momwe mankhwalawa amachitikira

Chithandizo cha glioma chimachitika molingana ndi mawonekedwe a chotupacho, kalasi, mtundu, zaka ndi zizindikilo ndi zizindikilo zomwe zimaperekedwa ndi munthuyo. Chithandizo chofala kwambiri cha glioma ndi opareshoni, yomwe cholinga chake ndi kuchotsa chotupacho, ndikupangitsa kuti pakhale poyenera kutsegula chigaza kuti neurosurgeon imatha kufikira ubongo, ndikupangitsa kuti njirayi ikhale yovuta. Kuchita opaleshoniyi nthawi zambiri kumatsagana ndi zithunzi zopangidwa ndi maginito amawu komanso makompyuta kuti adziwe komwe kuli chotupacho.

Pambuyo pochotsa glioma opaleshoni, munthuyo amapatsidwa chemo kapena radiotherapy, makamaka zikafika ku gliomas a grade II, III ndi IV, chifukwa amalowerera ndipo amatha kufalikira kumadera ena aubongo, kukulitsa vutoli. Chifukwa chake, ndi chemo ndi radiotherapy, ndizotheka kuthana ndi zotupa zomwe sizinachotsedwe kudzera mu opaleshoni, kupewa kuchuluka kwa ma cellwa ndikubwerera kwa matenda.