Mitengo ya Kupulumuka kwa Khansa ya m'mawere ndi HER2-Statistics Zina

Zamkati

• Kodi mitengo yapulumuka ndi yotani?
• Kodi kufalikira kwa khansa ya m'mawere ya HER2 ndikutani?
• Kodi khansa ya m'mawere ya HER2 ingabwererenso?
• Ndi mankhwala ati omwe alipo?
• Opaleshoni
• Mafunde
• Chemotherapy
• Chithandizo chofunikira
• Trastuzumab (Herceptin)
• Ado-trastuzumab emtansine (Kadcyla)
• Neratinib (Nerlynx)
• Chililabombwe (Chililabombwe)
• Lapatinib (Tykerb)
• Kodi malingaliro ake ndi otani?

Kodi khansa ya m'mawere ya HER2 ndi yotani?

Khansa ya m'mawere si matenda amodzi. Ndi gulu la matenda. Mukazindikira khansa ya m'mawere, imodzi mwanjira zoyambirira ndikuzindikira mtundu womwe muli nawo. Mtundu wa khansa ya m'mawere umapereka chidziwitso chofunikira chokhudza momwe khansa ingakhalire.

Mukakhala ndi chifuwa chachikulu, minofu imayesedwa kuti ipeze ma hormone receptors (HR). Iyesedwanso poyesa china chake chotchedwa human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2). Aliyense atha kutenga nawo gawo pakukula kwa khansa ya m'mawere.

M'mapoti ena azachipatala, HER2 amatchedwa HER2 / neu kapena ERBB2 (Erb-B2 receptor tyrosine kinase 2). Opeza mahomoni amadziwika kuti estrogen (ER) ndi progesterone (PR).

Mtundu wa HER2 umapanga mapuloteni a HER2, kapena ma receptors. Mapulogalamuwa amathandiza kuchepetsa kukula ndi kukonza maselo a m'mawere. Kuwonjezeka kwambiri kwa mapuloteni a HER2 kumapangitsa kuti maselo am'mawere asatulukirane.

Khansa ya m'mawere ya HER2 imakhala yovuta kwambiri kuposa khansa ya m'mawere ya HER2. Pamodzi ndi gawo la chotupa ndi khansa, HR ndi HER2 udindo umathandizira kudziwa zomwe mungasankhe.

Pitirizani kuwerenga kuti mudziwe zambiri za khansa ya m'mawere ya HER2 ndi zomwe mungayembekezere.

Kodi mitengo yapulumuka ndi yotani?

Pakadali pano, sipanapezeke kafukufuku wokhudza kuchuluka kwa khansa ya m'mawere ya HER2 yokha. Kafukufuku wapano pamiyeso yakupulumuka kwa khansa ya m'mawere imagwiritsidwa ntchito pamitundu yonse.

Malinga ndi National Cancer Institute (NCI), awa ndi zaka 5 zakupulumuka kwa azimayi omwe amapezeka pakati pa 2009 ndi 2015:

• akumidzi: 98.8 peresenti
• chigawo: 85.5 peresenti
• Kutali (kapena metastatic): 27.4 peresenti
• magawo onse ophatikizidwa: 89.9 peresenti

Ndikofunika kukumbukira kuti izi ndi ziwerengero zokha. Ziwerengero za kupulumuka kwakanthawi ndizodalira anthu omwe adapezeka zaka zapitazo, koma chithandizo chikusintha mwachangu.

Poganizira momwe mumaonera, dokotala wanu ayenera kuwunika zambiri. Zina mwa izo ndi izi:

• Gawo lodziwika: Maganizo ake amakhala bwino khansa ya m'mawere isanafalikire kunja kwa bere kapena yafalikira kokha m'chigawo koyambirira kwa chithandizo. Khansa ya m'mawere, yomwe ndi khansa yomwe yafalikira kumalo akutali, ndi yovuta kuchiza.
• Kukula ndi mulingo wa chotupa choyambirira: Izi zikuwonetsa momwe khansara ndiyamakani.
• Kuphatikizika kwa ma lymph: Khansa imatha kufalikira kuchokera kumatenda am'mimba kupita kumalimba ndi ziwalo zakutali.
• Udindo wa HR ndi HER2: Njira zochiritsira zomwe zingagwiritsidwe ntchito zitha kugwiritsidwa ntchito pa khansa ya m'mawere ya HR-positive komanso HER2-positive.
• Thanzi lathunthu: Nkhani zina zathanzi zimatha kupangitsa chithandizo chamankhwala kukhala chovuta.
• Kuyankha kuchipatala: Ndizovuta kuneneratu ngati mankhwala ena azithandiza kapena kutulutsa zovuta zina.
• Zaka: Azimayi achichepere komanso azaka zopitilira 60 amakhala ndi malingaliro olakwika kuposa azimayi azaka zapakati, kupatula omwe ali ndi khansa ya m'mawere yachitatu.

Ku United States, akuti azimayi opitilira 41,000 amwalira ndi khansa ya m'mawere mu 2019.

Kodi kufalikira kwa khansa ya m'mawere ya HER2 ndikutani?

Pafupifupi azimayi 12 pa 100 aliwonse ku United States adzadwala khansa ya m'mawere nthawi ina. Aliyense, ngakhale amuna, amatha kukhala ndi khansa ya m'mawere ya HER2. Komabe, ndizotheka kukhudza azimayi achichepere. Pafupifupi 25 peresenti ya khansa yonse ya m'mawere ndi HER2-positive.

Kodi khansa ya m'mawere ya HER2 ingabwererenso?

Khansa ya m'mawere ya HER2 ndiyokwiyitsa kwambiri ndipo imatha kubwereranso kuposa khansa ya m'mawere ya HER2. Kubwereza kumatha kuchitika nthawi iliyonse, koma nthawi zambiri kumachitika mkati mwa zaka zisanu kuchokera kuchipatala.

Nkhani yabwino ndiyakuti kubwereza sikuchitika masiku ano kuposa kale. Izi makamaka chifukwa cha chithandizo chamankhwala chatsopano. M'malo mwake, anthu ambiri amathandizidwa koyambirira kwa khansa ya m'mawere ya HER2 samabwereranso.

Ngati khansa yanu ya m'mawere ilinso ndi HR, chithandizo cha mahomoni chitha kuthandiza kuti muchepetse kuyambiranso.

Udindo wa HR ndi HER2 zitha kusintha. Khansa ya m'mawere ikayambiranso, chotupa chatsopano chiyenera kuyesedwa kuti athe kuyambiranso mankhwala.

Ndi mankhwala ati omwe alipo?

Ndondomeko yanu yothandizira mwina ikuphatikizira kuphatikiza mankhwala monga:

• opaleshoni
• cheza
• chemotherapy
• chithandizo chofunikira

Mankhwala a mahormone atha kukhala mwayi kwa anthu omwe khansa yawo ilinso ndi HR.

Opaleshoni

Kukula, malo, ndi kuchuluka kwa zotupa kumathandizira kudziwa kufunika kochitidwa opaleshoni yosamalira m'mawere kapena mastectomy, komanso ngati mungachotse ma lymph node.

Mafunde

Chithandizo cha ma radiation chitha kulimbana ndi maselo amtundu uliwonse a khansa omwe atsala atachitidwa opaleshoni. Ikhoza kugwiritsidwanso ntchito kuchepetsa zotupa.

Chemotherapy

Chemotherapy ndi njira yothandizira. Mankhwala amphamvu amatha kufunafuna ndikuwononga ma cell a khansa paliponse mthupi. Khansa ya m'mawere ya HER2 nthawi zambiri imayankha bwino chemotherapy.

Chithandizo chofunikira

Chithandizo chofuna khansa ya m'mawere ya HER2 ndi iyi:

Trastuzumab (Herceptin)

Trastuzumab imathandiza kutseka ma cell a khansa kuti asalandire zizindikiritso zamankhwala zomwe zimalimbikitsa kukula.

Kafukufuku wa 2014 wa azimayi opitilira 4,000 adawonetsa kuti trastuzumab yachepetsa kwambiri kubwereza komanso kupulumuka kwamphamvu ikaphatikizidwa ku chemotherapy koyambirira kwa khansa ya m'mawere ya HER2. Mankhwala a chemotherapy anali ndi paclitaxel pambuyo pa doxorubicin ndi cyclophosphamide.

Kuchuluka kwa zaka 10 kwakula kuchoka pa 75.2% ndi chemotherapy yokha mpaka 84% ndikuwonjezera kwa trastuzumab. Mitengo ya kupulumuka osabwerezanso idapitilizabe kusintha. Kuchuluka kwa zaka 10 kopanda matenda kwachuluka kuchokera pa 62.2 peresenti mpaka 73.7 peresenti.

Ado-trastuzumab emtansine (Kadcyla)

Mankhwalawa amaphatikiza trastuzumab ndi mankhwala a chemotherapy otchedwa emtansine. Trastuzumab imapereka emtansine mwachindunji kumaselo a khansa a HER2. Itha kugwiritsidwa ntchito kuchepetsa zotupa ndikuwonjezera kupulumuka mwa amayi omwe ali ndi khansa ya m'mawere.

Neratinib (Nerlynx)

Neratinib ndi mankhwala azaka zonse omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito koyambirira kwa khansa ya m'mawere ya HER2. Amapatsidwa kwa akuluakulu omwe amaliza kale mankhwala omwe akuphatikizapo trastuzumab. Cholinga cha neratinib ndikuchepetsa mwayi wobwereza.

Njira zochiritsira zomwe zimayikidwa nthawi zambiri zimagwira ntchito kuchokera kunja kwa selo kuti zilepheretse zidziwitso zamankhwala zomwe zimalimbikitsa kukula kwa chotupa. Neratinib, mbali inayi, imakhudza ma signature amkati mwa selo.

Chililabombwe (Chililabombwe)

Pertuzumab ndi mankhwala omwe amagwira ntchito ngati trastuzumab. Komabe, imagwirizana ndi gawo lina la HER2 protein.

Lapatinib (Tykerb)

Lapatinib amatseka mapuloteni omwe amachititsa kukula kwama cell kosalamulirika. Zitha kuthandizira kuchedwetsa kukula kwa matenda khansa ya m'mawere yamatenda ikayamba kugonjetsedwa ndi trastuzumab.

Kodi malingaliro ake ndi otani?

Malinga ndi kuyerekezera, azimayi opitilira 3.1 miliyoni ku United States ali ndi khansa ya m'mawere.

Maganizo a khansa ya m'mawere ya HER2 imasiyanasiyana malinga ndi munthu. Kupita patsogolo pazithandizo zochiritsidwabe kukupitilizabe kukonzanso mawonekedwe amisala yoyambirira komanso matenda am'mimba.

Mukalandira chithandizo cha khansa ya m'mawere yosasinthika, mudzafunikirabe kuyesedwa kwakanthawi kuti muone ngati mwayambiranso. Zotsatira zoyipa zamankhwala zitha kusintha pakapita nthawi, koma zina (monga zovuta za chonde) zitha kukhala zachikhalire.

Khansa ya m'mawere samawoneka ngati yochiritsidwa. Chithandizo chitha kupitilira bola chikugwira ntchito. Ngati mankhwala amasiya kugwira ntchito, mutha kusinthana ndi ena.