Hypoparathyroidism: ndi chiyani, zizindikiro ndi chithandizo

Zamkati

• Zizindikiro zazikulu
• Momwe mankhwalawa amachitikira
• Zomwe zingayambitse hypoparathyroidism
• Zomwe zimayambitsa hypoparathyroidism
• Zomwe zimayambitsa hypoparathyroidism yachiwiri
• Zomwe zimayambitsa pseudohypoparathyroidism

Hypoparathyroidism amatanthauza matenda, kapena zochitika, zomwe zimapangitsa kuchepa kwa mahomoni PTH, omwe amadziwikanso kuti parathormone.

Hormone iyi imapangidwa ndimatenda a parathyroid, omwe ndi tiziwalo ting'onoting'ono tating'ono tating'ono tating'ono tomwe timakhala kuseli kwa chithokomiro ndipo ndi mahomoni ofunikira omwe, pamodzi ndi vitamini D, amakhala ndi calcium yokwanira m'magazi.

Chifukwa chake, pakakhala kuchepa kwa PTH mthupi, sizachilendo kuona kuchepa kwa calcium m'magazi, yotchedwa hypocalcemia, yomwe imatha kuyambitsa zizindikilo monga kufooka, kupindika kwa minofu, kusintha mafupa, mavuto amitsempha kapena mavuto amtima. Dziwani zambiri za hypocalcemia ndi zomwe zingayambitse.

Zizindikiro zazikulu

Zizindikiro za hypoparathyroidism zimakhudzana makamaka ndi zovuta zomwe kulephera kwa PTH kumayambitsa. Chifukwa chake, zizindikilo zina zomwe zingachitike ndi monga:

• Kukokana kwamphamvu kwamphamvu;
• Kutuluka kwa minofu;
• Minofu kufooka kapena kupweteka;
• Kugwidwa kwachilendo;
• Kugunda kwa mtima

Popeza PTH ndiye mahomoni olamulira kashiamu, pomwe PTH ilibe, calcium siyingathe kuyamwa bwino m'matumbo ndipo imachotsedwanso mumkodzo, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti kashiamu azitsika pang'ono m'magazi kapena hypocalcemia.

Kukula kwa zizindikirocho kumadalira kuuma kwake komanso kuthamanga kwakuchepa kwama calcium. Odwala ambiri omwe ali ndi hypoparathyroidism amakhala asymptomatic, ndipo amangokhala ndi zizindikilo pakafunika calcium yambiri mthupi, monga nthawi yapakati, kuyamwitsa kapena kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala omwe amachepetsa calcium.

Muzochitika zanthawi yayitali komanso zofatsa, sipangakhalenso zizindikiro, ndipo matendawa amangopezeka poyesa, kapena pakhoza kukhala zizindikilo zofatsa monga kumva kulira komanso kusamva kwa phazi, manja kapena pakamwa.

Momwe mankhwalawa amachitikira

Chithandizo cha hypoparathyroidism chili ndi cholinga chachikulu choletsa kuchepa kwa calcium m'thupi, ndipo chikuyenera kutsogozedwa ndi endocrinologist malinga ndi zomwe zimayambitsa, kuuma kwake, zizindikiro zake komanso kuchuluka kwa calcium m'magazi.

Mlingo wa calcium ukakhala wotsika kwambiri, pansi pa 7.5mg / dl, hypocalcemia yayikulu imawonekera ndipo, munthawi imeneyi, chithandizo kuchipatala ndikofunikira, ndikulowetsa calcium mwachindunji mumitsempha, ndi calcium gluconate.

Pamene hypocalcemia ndi yofatsa komanso yopanda matenda, chithandizo chimakhala m'malo mwa calcium ndi vitamini D pakamwa. Magnesium imathandizira kulimbikitsa kupanga PTH ndipo, chifukwa chake, imatha kukhala yothandiza, makamaka ngati milingo yake ndiyotsika. Zithandizo zina, monga thiazide diuretics kapena m'malo mwa PTH yowonjezeranso, zitha kulangizidwa ndi endocrinologist, kutengera mulimonsemo.

Zomwe zingayambitse hypoparathyroidism

Hypoparathyroidism itha kugawidwa m'magulu awiri akulu, kutengera zomwe zimayambitsa PTH:

• Pulayimale hypoparathyroidism: imachitika pamene kutulutsa kwa PTH kukasokonekera chifukwa matumbo ali ndi vuto kapena achotsedwa.
• Sekondale hypoparathyroidism: ndipamene zolimbikitsa zina, monga magnesium yotsika, zimapangitsa kuti ma gland apange PTH yocheperako popanda vuto lililonse.

Palinso vuto lachitatu, lotchedwa pseudo-hypoparathyroidism, lomwe limachitika chifukwa cha matenda obadwa nawo, ndiye kuti, omwe amadutsa majini am'banjali, kuyambira makolo kupita kwa ana, komanso omwe amalimbikitsa kukana ziwalo zomwe mahomoni amayenera kuchitapo kanthu. Chifukwa chake, hormone imatha kugwira ntchito yake ngakhale imapangidwa mopitilira muyeso ndimatenda a parathyroid.

Zomwe zimayambitsa hypoparathyroidism

Mtunduwu umapezeka nthawi zambiri chifukwa chotsitsa tiziwalo timene timatulutsa matendawa, ngati atalandira chithandizo cha hyperparathyroidism, mwachitsanzo, koma amathanso kuchitika chifukwa chovulala mwangozi pamatenda am'mimba. Nkhaniyi imachitika opaleshoni ikachitika m'khosi, yomwe ndi chithokomiro, ya khansa kapena mitsempha. Popeza nyumbazi zimakhala zoyandikira kwambiri komanso tiziwalo timene timakhala tating'onoting'ono kwambiri, nthawi zina zimakhala zovuta kuzizindikira ndikuzisiyanitsa ndi zina zonse. Onetsetsani kuti kuchotsedwa kwa chithokomiro ndikofunikira komanso momwe akuchira.

Zomwe zimayambitsa hypoparathyroidism yachiwiri

Mtundu uwu wa hypoparathyroidism nthawi zambiri umayamba chifukwa cha kuchepa kwa magnesium.

Ngakhale magnesium yochepa ingalimbikitse kupanga PTH, magnesium ikakhala yotsika kwambiri, ndipo kwa nthawi yayitali, imatumiza uthenga kwa parathyroid kuti isatulutse PTH yambiri ndikupangitsanso ziwalozo kuti zisamveke ndi mahomoni, kuti Silingathe kuchitapo kanthu, kuyambitsa hypoparathyroidism.

Zomwe zimayambitsa pseudohypoparathyroidism

Pseudo-hypoparathyroidism amatanthauza matenda omwe kusintha kwa majini, komwe kumachokera kubadwa, kumapangitsa kuti matupi amthupi asatengeke ndi PTH. Pali mitundu itatu ya pseudohypoparathyroidism, kutengera ngati ali okhudzana ndi matenda osowa omwe amatchedwa Albright's hereditary osteodystrophy ndi mtundu wa PTH kukana komwe kumayambitsidwa.

Poyankha kusowa kwa ntchito kwa PTH, ma gland amakula kukula ndikuyesera kutulutsa PTH yambiri, yokhala ndi mulingo wabwinobwino kapena ngakhale wokwera wa PTH m'magazi, koma PTH iyi siyitha kuchitapo kanthu. Chifukwa chake, chithunzi chachipatala chimafanana ndi cha hypoparathyroidism, monga momwe zimakhalira ngati mahomoni kulibe. Chifukwa chake, sichingatchulidwe kuti hypoparathyroidism, chifukwa kwenikweni kufalikira kwa PTH kumakhala kwachilendo kapena kuwonjezeka, chifukwa kumatchedwa pseudo-hypoparathyroidism, kutanthauza "kofanana ndi hypoparathyroidism".