Upangiri Wonse Wokhudza HIV ndi Edzi

Zamkati

• HIV ndi chiyani?
• Kodi Edzi ndi chiyani?
• HIV ndi Edzi: Ndi kulumikizana kotani?
• Kufalitsa kachilombo ka HIV: Dziwani zowona
• Zomwe zimayambitsa kachirombo ka HIV
• Zomwe zimayambitsa Edzi
• Ndi mayeso ati omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kuti apeze kachilombo ka HIV?
• Mayeso a antibody / antigen
• Mayeso a antibody
• Kuyesa kwa Nucleic acid (NAT)
• Kodi nthawi yanthawi yodziteteza ku HIV ndi yotani?
• Zizindikiro zoyambirira za kachirombo ka HIV
• Zizindikiro za kachilombo ka HIV ndi ziti?
• Kodi kuthamanga ndi chizindikiro cha HIV?
• Ziphuphu zokhudzana ndi HIV
• Ziphuphu zokhudzana ndi mankhwala
• Zizindikiro za HIV mwa amuna: Kodi pali kusiyana?
• Zizindikiro za kachirombo ka HIV mwa amayi: Kodi pali kusiyana kulikonse?
• Zizindikiro za Edzi ndi ziti?
• Njira zochizira HIV
• Mankhwala a HIV
• Chithandizo cha mankhwala
• Zotsatira zoyipa ndi mtengo wake
• Kupewa HIV
• Kugonana kotetezeka
• Njira zina zopewera
• Kukhala ndi kachilombo ka HIV: Zomwe mungayembekezere ndi malangizo othandizira kuthana ndi vutoli
• Kutalika kwa moyo wa HIV: Dziwani zowona
• Kodi pali katemera wa HIV?
• Ziwerengero za HIV

Timaphatikizapo zinthu zomwe timaganiza kuti ndizothandiza kwa owerenga athu. Ngati mutagula maulalo omwe ali patsamba lino, titha kupeza ndalama zochepa. Nayi njira yathu.

HIV ndi chiyani?

HIV ndi kachilombo komwe kamawononga chitetezo cha mthupi. HIV yosalandiridwa imakhudza ndi kupha ma CD4, omwe ndi mtundu wa maselo amthupi otchedwa T cell.

Popita nthawi, pamene kachilombo ka HIV kamapha ma CD4 ambiri, thupi limakhala ndi matenda osiyanasiyana komanso khansa.

HIV imafalikira kudzera m'madzi amthupi omwe amaphatikizapo:

• magazi
• umuna
• madzi ndi ukazi wammbali
• mkaka wa m'mawere

Kachilomboka sikasamutsidwa mlengalenga kapena m'madzi, kapena kudzera mwa anthu wamba.

Chifukwa chakuti HIV imadzilowetsa mu DNA yama cell, ndimkhalidwe wamoyo wonse ndipo pakadali pano palibe mankhwala omwe amachotsa HIV mthupi, ngakhale asayansi ambiri akuyesetsa kuti apeze imodzi.

Komabe, ndi chithandizo chamankhwala, kuphatikizapo chithandizo chotchedwa antiretroviral therapy, ndizotheka kusamalira kachilombo ka HIV ndikukhala ndi kachilomboka kwa zaka zambiri.

Popanda chithandizo, munthu yemwe ali ndi kachilombo ka HIV atha kukhala ndi vuto lalikulu lotchedwa Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome, lotchedwa AIDS.

Pamenepo, chitetezo cha mthupi chimakhala chofooka kwambiri kuti chingathe kuyankha motsutsana ndi matenda ena, matenda, ndi mikhalidwe.

Osalandiridwa, chiyembekezo cha moyo ndikumapeto kwa Edzi kwatsala pang'ono kutha. Ndi mankhwala ochepetsa mphamvu ya kachilombo ka HIV, kachilombo ka HIV kangathe kuyendetsedwa bwino, ndipo nthawi ya moyo ikhoza kukhala yofanana ndi munthu yemwe sanatenge kachilombo ka HIV.

Akuti pano anthu aku America okwana 1.2 miliyoni ali ndi kachilombo ka HIV. Mwa anthu amenewo, m'modzi mwa anthu asanu ndi awiri sakudziwa kuti ali ndi kachilomboka.

HIV imatha kusintha thupi lonse.

Phunzirani za momwe kachirombo ka HIV kamakhudzira machitidwe osiyanasiyana mthupi.

Kodi Edzi ndi chiyani?

Edzi ndi matenda omwe amatha kukhala ndi anthu omwe ali ndi HIV. Ndi gawo lotsogola kwambiri la HIV. Koma chifukwa chakuti munthu ali ndi HIV sizitanthauza kuti Edzi idzayamba.

HIV imapha ma CD4. Akuluakulu athanzi amakhala ndi CD4 kuyambira 500 mpaka 1,600 pa cubic millimeter. Munthu amene ali ndi kachilombo ka HIV amene CD4 yake imagwera pansi pa 200 pa cubic millimeter adzapezeka ndi AIDS.

Munthu amathanso kupezeka ndi Edzi ngati ali ndi kachilombo ndikupanga matenda opatsirana kapena khansa yomwe imapezeka mwa anthu omwe alibe HIV.

Matenda operewera monga Pneumocystis jiroveci chibayo ndimomwe chimangochitika mwa munthu wopanda chitetezo chokwanira, monga munthu yemwe ali ndi kachirombo ka HIV (Edzi).

Popanda kuthandizidwa, HIV imatha kufikira Edzi m'zaka khumi. Pakadali pano palibe mankhwala a Edzi, ndipo popanda chithandizo, chiyembekezo chamoyo pambuyo poti matenda apezeka.

Izi zitha kukhala zazifupi ngati munthuyo atenga matenda owopsa. Komabe, kulandira mankhwala ochepetsa mphamvu ya kachilombo ka HIV kumalepheretsa Edzi kuyamba kukula.

Edzi ikayamba, zikutanthauza kuti chitetezo chamthupi chimasokonekera kwambiri, ndiye kuti, chafooka mpaka pomwe sichitha kuyankhanso motsutsana ndi matenda ndi matenda ambiri.

Izi zimapangitsa kuti munthu amene ali ndi Edzi akhale pachiwopsezo cha matenda osiyanasiyana, kuphatikiza:

• chibayo
• chifuwa chachikulu
• Kutupa pakamwa, vuto la fungus mkamwa kapena kukhosi
• cytomegalovirus (CMV), mtundu wa kachilombo ka herpes
• cryptococcal meningitis, vuto la fungal muubongo
• toxoplasmosis, vuto laubongo lomwe limayambitsidwa ndi tiziromboti
• cryptosporidiosis, vuto lomwe limayambitsidwa ndi tiziromboti m'matumbo
• khansa, kuphatikiza Kaposi sarcoma (KS) ndi lymphoma

Kutalika kwanthawi yayitali ya moyo yolumikizidwa ndi Edzi yosalandiridwa sichotsatira cha matenda omwe. M'malo mwake, ndi chifukwa cha matenda ndi zovuta zomwe zimadza chifukwa chokhala ndi chitetezo chamthupi chofooketsedwa ndi Edzi.

Dziwani zambiri za zovuta zomwe zingachitike chifukwa cha HIV ndi Edzi.

HIV ndi Edzi: Ndi kulumikizana kotani?

Kuti munthu akhale ndi Edzi ayenera kuti watenga kachilombo ka HIV. Koma kukhala ndi HIV sikutanthauza kuti wina adzayamba kudwala Edzi.

Milandu ya HIV imadutsa magawo atatu:

• Gawo 1: siteji yovuta, masabata angapo oyamba atapatsira
• Gawo 2: latency yachipatala, kapena gawo losatha
• Gawo 3: Edzi

HIV ikamachepetsa ma CD4 cell, chitetezo chamthupi chimafooka. Kuwerengera kwa CD4 kwa munthu wamkulu kumakhala 500 mpaka 1,500 pa cubic millimeter. Munthu amene amawerengera zaka zosakwana 200 amawerengedwa kuti ali ndi Edzi.

Nkhani yokhudza kachilombo ka HIV yomwe imafalikira pang'onopang'ono imasiyana kwambiri pakati pa anthu ndi anthu. Popanda chithandizo, amatha zaka khumi asanakwere ku Edzi. Ndi chithandizo, chimatha mpaka kalekale.

Pakadali pano palibe mankhwala a HIV, koma amatha kuyendetsedwa. Anthu omwe ali ndi kachilombo ka HIV nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi moyo wathanzi ndi kuchiritsidwa msanga ndi mankhwala ochepetsa mphamvu ya kachilombo ka HIV.

Munjira yomweyo, kulibe mankhwala a Edzi pakadali pano. Komabe, mankhwalawa amatha kuwonjezera kuchuluka kwa CD4 ya munthu mpaka kufika poti sangathenso kukhala ndi Edzi. (Mfundoyi ndiyowerengera 200 kapena kupitilira apo.)

Komanso, chithandizo chitha kuthandizira kuthana ndi matenda opatsirana.

HIV ndi Edzi ndizofanana, koma sizofanana.

Dziwani zambiri zakusiyana pakati pa HIV ndi Edzi.

Kufalitsa kachilombo ka HIV: Dziwani zowona

Aliyense atha kutenga kachilombo ka HIV. Tizilomboti timafalikira m'madzi amthupi omwe amaphatikizapo:

• magazi
• umuna
• madzi ndi ukazi wammbali
• mkaka wa m'mawere

Zina mwanjira zomwe kachilombo ka HIV kamasamutsidwira kuchokera kwa munthu kupita kwa munthu ndi monga:

• kudzera mu nyini kapena kumatako - njira yofala kwambiri yotumizira
• pogawana singano, jakisoni, ndi zinthu zina zogwiritsa ntchito jakisoni mankhwala
• pogawana zida za tattoo popanda kuziziritsa pakati pa ntchito
• Pakati pa pakati, pakubereka, kapena pobereka kuchokera kwa mayi wapakati kupita kwa mwana wake
• pa nthawi yoyamwitsa
• kudzera mu "kusanamalize," kapena kutafuna chakudya cha mwana musanadyetse iwo
• kudzera kukumana ndi magazi, umuna, nyini ndi timadzi tambiri, ndi mkaka wa m'mawere wa munthu amene ali ndi kachilombo ka HIV, monga kudzera mu ndodo ya singano

Kachilomboka kangathenso kufala kudzera mu kuthiridwa magazi kapena kuikidwa ziwalo ndi minofu. Komabe, kuyesa mwamphamvu kwa kachilombo ka HIV pakati pa omwe amapereka magazi, ziwalo, komanso othandizira minofu kumatsimikizira kuti izi ndizosowa ku United States.

Ndizotheka, koma zimawoneka ngati zosowa kwambiri, kuti kachilombo ka HIV kamafalitsidwe kudzera:

• kugonana m'kamwa (pokhapokha ngati pali zotuluka magazi kapena zilonda zotseguka pakamwa pa munthuyo)
• kulumidwa ndi munthu yemwe ali ndi kachilombo ka HIV (kokha ngati malovu ali magazi kapena pali zilonda zotseguka mkamwa mwa munthuyo)
• kukhudzana pakati pa khungu losweka, mabala, mamina ndi magazi a munthu amene ali ndi kachilombo ka HIV

HIV SIYENDA kudzera:

• kukhudzana khungu ndi khungu
• kukumbatirana, kugwirana chanza, kapena kupsompsonana
• mpweya kapena madzi
• kugawana chakudya kapena zakumwa, kuphatikizapo akasupe akumwa
• malovu, misozi, kapena thukuta (pokhapokha zitasakanizidwa ndi magazi a munthu yemwe ali ndi HIV)
• kugawana chimbudzi, matawulo, kapena pogona
• udzudzu kapena tizilombo tina

Ndikofunika kudziwa kuti ngati munthu yemwe ali ndi kachilombo ka HIV akuchiritsidwa ndipo ali ndi kachilombo kosalekeza kosawoneka, ndizosatheka kupatsirana kwa munthu wina.

Dziwani zambiri zakupatsirana kwa kachirombo ka HIV.

Zomwe zimayambitsa kachirombo ka HIV

HIV ndi kachilombo kosiyanasiyana komwe kangapatsidwe kwa anyani aku Africa. Asayansi akuganiza kuti kachilombo koyambitsa matendawa kameneka kamatuluka kuchokera kwa chimps kupita kwa anthu pamene anthu amadya nyama ya chimpanzi yomwe ili ndi kachilomboka.

Atalowa mkati mwa anthu, kachilomboka kanasintha momwe timadziwira kuti HIV. Izi mwina zidachitika kalekale ngati ma 1920.

HIV imafalikira kuchokera kwa munthu kupita munthu ku Africa konse kwazaka zambiri. Pambuyo pake, kachilomboka kanasamukira kumadera ena adziko lapansi. Asayansi adapeza kachilombo ka HIV poyesa magazi a anthu mu 1959.

Zikuganiziridwa kuti HIV yakhalapo ku United States kuyambira zaka za m'ma 1970, koma sizinayambe kugunda anthu mpaka zaka za m'ma 1980.

Dziwani zambiri za mbiri ya HIV ndi Edzi ku United States.

Zomwe zimayambitsa Edzi

Edzi imayambitsidwa ndi HIV. Munthu sangatenge Edzi ngati sanatenge kachilombo ka HIV.

Anthu athanzi ali ndi CD4 kuwerengera 500 mpaka 1,500 pa cubic millimeter. Popanda mankhwala, HIV ikupitilira kuchulukitsa ndikuwononga ma CD4. Ngati chiwerengero cha CD4 cha munthu chigwera pansi pa 200, ali ndi Edzi.

Komanso, ngati munthu yemwe ali ndi kachilombo ka HIV atenga kachilombo ka HIV kamene kamakhala ndi mwayi, akhoza kupezeka ndi Edzi, ngakhale CD4 yake ili pamwamba pa 200.

Ndi mayeso ati omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kuti apeze kachilombo ka HIV?

Mayesero osiyanasiyana angagwiritsidwe ntchito pozindikira kachilombo ka HIV. Othandizira azaumoyo amadziwa kuti ndi mayeso ati omwe angathandize munthu aliyense.

Mayeso a antibody / antigen

Mayeso a antibody / antigen ndi omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri. Amatha kuwonetsa zotsatira zabwino pambuyo poti wina atenga kachilombo ka HIV.

Mayesowa amawunika magazi ngati ali ndi ma antibodies ndi ma antigen. Asirikali ndi mtundu wa mapuloteni omwe thupi limapanga kuti athane ndi matenda. Antigen, mbali inayo, ndi gawo la kachilombo kamene kamayambitsa chitetezo cha mthupi.

Mayeso a antibody

Mayesowa amawunika magazi okha ngati ali ndi ma antibodies. Pakati pakatha kachilombo, anthu ambiri amakhala ndi ma antibodies a HIV, omwe amapezeka m'magazi kapena malovu.

Mayesowa amachitika pogwiritsa ntchito magazi kapena zotsekera pakamwa, ndipo palibe kukonzekera kofunikira. Mayesero ena amapereka zotsatira mu mphindi 30 kapena zocheperako ndipo atha kuchitidwa muofesi kapena kuchipatala kwa omwe amapereka chithandizo chamankhwala.

Mayeso ena a antibody atha kuchitika kunyumba:

• Mayeso a HIV OraQuick. Swab yamlomo imapereka zotsatira mu mphindi 20 zokha.
• Njira Yoyesera Kunyumba ya HIV-1. Munthuyo atabaya chala chawo, amatumiza magazi ku labotale yololedwa. Amatha kukhalabe osadziwika ndipo amayitanitsa zotsatira tsiku lotsatira la bizinesi.

Ngati wina akukayikira kuti anali ndi kachilombo ka HIV koma anapezeka kuti alibe kachilombo ka HIV, ayenera kubwereza mayeso m'miyezi itatu. Ngati ali ndi zotsatira zabwino, ayenera kutsatira omwe amawapatsa chithandizo chamankhwala kuti atsimikizire.

Kuyesa kwa Nucleic acid (NAT)

Kuyesa kwamtengo wapatali uku sikugwiritsidwa ntchito pakuwunika wamba. Ndi za anthu omwe ali ndi zizindikiro zoyambirira za kachirombo ka HIV kapena omwe amadziwika kuti ali pachiwopsezo. Kuyesaku sikuyang'ana ma antibodies; chimayang'ana kachilombo komweko.

Zimatenga masiku 5 mpaka 21 kuti HIV ipezeke m'magazi. Kuyesaku kumatsagana kapena kutsimikiziridwa ndi mayeso a antibody.

Lero, ndikosavuta kuposa kale kuti akayezetse HIV.

Dziwani zambiri za njira zoyesera kuyesa kachilombo ka HIV kunyumba.

Kodi nthawi yanthawi yodziteteza ku HIV ndi yotani?

Munthu akangotenga kachilombo ka HIV, kamayamba kuberekana mthupi lake. Chitetezo cha munthu chimagwira ma antigen (ziwalo za kachilomboka) popanga ma antibodies (maselo omwe amatenga zotsutsana ndi kachilomboka).

Nthawi yapakati pakudziwika ndi kachirombo ka HIV komanso ikayamba kupezeka m'magazi amatchedwa nthawi yokhudzana ndi kachirombo ka HIV. Anthu ambiri amakhala ndi ma antibodies a kachilombo koyambitsa matenda a Edzi pakadutsa masiku 23 kapena 90 atadutsa.

Ngati munthu ayesedwa ngati ali ndi kachirombo ka HIV nthawi yazenera, zikuwoneka kuti alandila zotsatirapo zake. Komabe, amatha kufalitsa kachilomboka kwa ena panthawiyi.

Ngati wina akuganiza kuti mwina anali ndi kachilombo ka HIV koma anapezeka kuti alibe kachilomboka panthawiyi, ayenera kubwereza kuyezetsa m'miyezi ingapo kuti atsimikizire (nthawiyo imadalira mayeso omwe agwiritsidwa ntchito). Ndipo panthawiyi, akuyenera kugwiritsa ntchito kondomu kapena njira zina zotchingira kuti mwina asafalitse HIV.

Wina yemwe amamuyesa wopanda zenera atha kupindula ndi post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP). Awa ndi mankhwala omwe amamwa pambuyo chiwonetsero chopewa kutenga kachirombo ka HIV.

PEP iyenera kumwa nthawi yomweyo ikatha; sayenera kutengedwa pasanathe maola 72 mutangowonekera koma nthawiyo isanafike.

Njira ina yopewera kutenga kachilombo ka HIV ndi pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP). Kuphatikiza kwa mankhwala a HIV omwe amamwa asanatenge kachilombo ka HIV, PrEP ikhoza kuchepetsa chiopsezo chotenga kachilombo ka HIV kapena kumwa kachilombo ka HIV mukamamwa mosalekeza.

Kusunga nthawi ndikofunika poyesera kachilombo ka HIV.

Dziwani zambiri za momwe nthawi imakhudzira zotsatira za mayeso a HIV.

Zizindikiro zoyambirira za kachirombo ka HIV

Milungu ingapo yoyambirira munthu atatenga kachilombo ka HIV amatchedwa gawo loyambitsa matendawa.

Panthawiyi, kachilomboka kamabereka mofulumira. Chitetezo cha mthupi la munthu chimayankha popanga ma antibodies a HIV, omwe ndi mapuloteni omwe amatenga njira zothanirana ndi matenda.

Munthawi imeneyi, anthu ena samakhala ndi zizindikilo poyamba. Komabe, anthu ambiri amakhala ndi zizindikiro mwezi woyamba kapena kupitilira apo atatenga kachilomboka, koma nthawi zambiri samazindikira kuti kachilombo ka HIV kamayambitsa zizindikirozo.

Izi ndichifukwa choti zizindikilo za gawo lalikulu zimatha kufanana kwambiri ndi chimfine kapena ma virus ena am'nyengo, monga:

• atha kukhala ofatsa mpaka okhwima
• akhoza kubwera ndikupita
• Amatha kukhala kulikonse kuyambira masiku angapo mpaka milungu ingapo

Zizindikiro zoyambirira za kachilombo ka HIV zingaphatikizepo:

• malungo
• kuzizira
• zotupa zam'mimba zotupa
• zopweteka ndi zowawa zonse
• zotupa pakhungu
• chikhure
• mutu
• nseru
• kukhumudwa m'mimba

Chifukwa zizindikirozi ndizofanana ndi matenda wamba ngati chimfine, munthu amene ali nawo mwina angaganize kuti safunika kukaonana ndi omwe amapereka chithandizo chamankhwala.

Ndipo ngakhale atatero, omwe amawapatsa chithandizo chamankhwala atha kukayikira chimfine kapena mononucleosis ndipo mwina sangatengere kachilombo ka HIV.

Kaya munthu ali ndi zizindikilo kapena ayi, munthawi imeneyi kuchuluka kwa ma virus ake ndikokwera kwambiri. Kuchuluka kwa kachilombo ka HIV ndi kuchuluka kwa kachilombo ka HIV kamene kamapezeka m'magazi.

Kuchuluka kwa mavairasi kumatanthauza kuti HIV imatha kupatsirana mosavuta kwa wina nthawi imeneyi.

Zizindikiro zoyambilira za kachirombo ka HIV zimatha kutha pakangopita miyezi yochepa munthuyo akamalowa m'ndende ya HIV. Gawo ili limatha zaka zambiri kapena makumi ambiri ndi chithandizo.

Zizindikiro za kachilombo ka HIV zimatha kusiyanasiyana pakati pa munthu ndi munthu.

Dziwani zambiri zamatenda oyambilira a HIV.

Zizindikiro za kachilombo ka HIV ndi ziti?

Pambuyo pa mwezi woyamba kapena apo, HIV imayamba kulowa msanga. Gawo ili limatha kuyambira zaka zochepa mpaka zaka makumi angapo.

Anthu ena alibe zizindikilo panthawiyi, pomwe ena amatha kukhala ndi zizindikilo zochepa kapena zosadziwika. Chizindikiro chosadziwika ndi chizindikiro chomwe sichikukhudzana ndi matenda kapena chikhalidwe chimodzi.

Zizindikiro zosadziwika izi zingaphatikizepo:

• mutu ndi zowawa zina
• zotupa zam'mimba zotupa
• malungo obwerezabwereza
• thukuta usiku
• kutopa
• nseru
• kusanza
• kutsegula m'mimba
• kuonda
• zotupa pakhungu
• matenda obwera chifukwa cha yisiti mkamwa kapena ukazi
• chibayo
• zomangira

Monga momwe zimakhalira koyambirira, kachilombo ka HIV kamasunthika panthawiyi ngakhale popanda zizindikilo ndipo kakhoza kupatsira munthu wina.

Komabe, munthu sangadziwe kuti ali ndi HIV pokhapokha atayezetsa. Ngati wina ali ndi zizindikirozi ndikuganiza kuti mwina ali ndi kachilombo ka HIV, nkofunika kuti akayezetse.

Zizindikiro za HIV pakadali pano zitha kubwera ndikutha, kapena zimatha kukula msanga. Izi zitha kuchepetsedwa kwambiri ndi chithandizo.

Pogwiritsa ntchito mankhwala ochepetsa mphamvu ya kachilombo ka HIV nthawi zonse, kachilombo ka HIV kamatha zaka makumi ambiri ndipo sikadzakhala AIDS, ngati mankhwala adayambitsidwa msanga.

Phunzirani zambiri za momwe zidziwitso za kachilombo ka HIV zingapitirire patapita nthawi.

Kodi kuthamanga ndi chizindikiro cha HIV?

Anthu ambiri omwe ali ndi kachilombo ka HIV amasintha pakhungu lawo. Kutupa nthawi zambiri kumakhala chimodzi mwazizindikiro zoyambirira za kutenga kachirombo ka HIV. Kawirikawiri, kuphulika kwa kachilombo ka HIV kumawoneka ngati zilonda zing'onozing'ono zofiira zomwe zimakhala zophweka.

Ziphuphu zokhudzana ndi HIV

HIV imapangitsa kuti wina atengeke ndimatenda akhungu chifukwa kachilomboka kamawononga chitetezo cha mthupi chomwe chimayesetsa kupewa matenda. Matenda opatsirana omwe angayambitse ziphuphu ndi awa:

• molluscum contagiosum
• nsungu simplex
• zomangira

Chifukwa cha kuthamanga kumatsimikiza:

• momwe zikuwonekera
• zitenga nthawi yayitali bwanji
• momwe angachiritsidwire kutengera choyambitsa

Ziphuphu zokhudzana ndi mankhwala

Ngakhale kutupira kumatha kuyambitsidwa ndi kachilombo ka HIV, amathanso kuyambitsidwa ndi mankhwala. Mankhwala ena omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito pochiza kachilombo ka HIV kapena matenda ena angayambitse ziphuphu.

Ziphuphu zamtunduwu zimakonda kupezeka patangotha ​​sabata kapena masabata awiri kuyambira mankhwala atsopano. Nthawi zina zotupazo zimatha zokha. Ngati sichoncho, kusintha kwa mankhwala kungafunike.

Ziphuphu chifukwa cha kusokonezeka ndi mankhwala zingakhale zovuta.

Zizindikiro zina zosavomerezeka ndizo:

• kuvuta kupuma kapena kumeza
• chizungulire
• malungo

Matenda a Stevens-Johnson (SJS) ndizosavomerezeka ndi mankhwala a HIV. Zizindikiro zake zimaphatikizapo kutentha thupi ndi kutupa kwa nkhope ndi lilime. Kutupa kwamatenda, komwe kumatha kuphatikizira khungu ndi mamina, kumawonekera ndikufalikira mwachangu.

Khungu likakhudzidwa, limatchedwa poizoni epidermal necrolysis, yomwe imawopseza moyo. Izi zikayamba, pakufunika chithandizo chadzidzidzi.

Ngakhale kuthamanga kumatha kulumikizidwa ndi mankhwala a HIV kapena kachilombo ka HIV, ndikofunikira kukumbukira kuti zotupa ndizofala ndipo zimatha kukhala ndi zifukwa zina zambiri.

Dziwani zambiri za kufulumira kwa kachilombo ka HIV.

Zizindikiro za HIV mwa amuna: Kodi pali kusiyana?

Zizindikiro za HIV zimasiyanasiyana malinga ndi munthu, koma ndizofanana mwa amuna ndi akazi. Zizindikirozi zimatha kubwera ndikukula kapena kukulira pang'onopang'ono.

Ngati munthu watenga kachilombo ka HIV, akhozanso kutenga matenda ena opatsirana pogonana. Izi zikuphatikiza:

• chinzonono
• chlamydia
• chindoko
• trichomoniasis

Amuna, ndi omwe ali ndi mbolo, atha kuthekera kwambiri kuposa azimayi kuzindikira zizindikiritso za matenda opatsirana pogonana monga zilonda kumaliseche kwawo. Komabe, amuna nthawi zambiri samafuna chithandizo chamankhwala nthawi zambiri monga akazi.

Dziwani zambiri za zisonyezo za HIV mwa amuna.

Zizindikiro za kachirombo ka HIV mwa amayi: Kodi pali kusiyana kulikonse?

Kwakukulukulu, zizindikiro za kachilombo ka HIV ndizofanana mwa abambo ndi amai. Komabe, zizindikilo zomwe amakhala nazo zimatha kusiyanasiyana kutengera zoopsa zomwe abambo ndi amai amakumana nazo ngati ali ndi HIV.

Amuna ndi akazi omwe ali ndi kachilombo ka HIV ali pachiwopsezo chachikulu chotenga matenda opatsirana pogonana. Komabe, azimayi, komanso omwe ali ndi nyini, sangakhale ochepa kuposa amuna kuti azindikire timadontho tating'ono kapena kusintha kwina kumaliseche.

Kuphatikiza apo, amayi omwe ali ndi kachilombo ka HIV ali pachiwopsezo chachikulu cha:

• kobwerezabwereza ukazi yisiti matenda
• Matenda ena azimayi, kuphatikiza bakiteriya vaginosis
• matenda otupa m'mimba (PID)
• kusintha kwa msambo
• human papillomavirus (HPV), yomwe imatha kuyambitsa zilonda zamaliseche ndikupangitsa khansa ya pachibelekero

Ngakhale sizokhudzana ndi zizindikiritso za HIV, chiopsezo china kwa amayi omwe ali ndi kachilombo ka HIV ndikuti kachilomboka kangapatsiridwe kwa mwana ali ndi pakati. Komabe, mankhwala ochepetsa mphamvu ya kachilombo ka HIV amaonedwa kuti ndi otetezeka panthawi yoyembekezera.

Amayi omwe amalandira mankhwala ochepetsa mphamvu ya kachilombo ka HIV ali pachiwopsezo chochepa kwambiri chotengera kachilombo ka HIV kwa mwana wawo panthawi yapakati komanso yobereka. Kuyamwitsa kumakhudzanso amayi omwe ali ndi HIV. Tizilomboti titha kutumizidwa kwa mwana kudzera mkaka wa m'mawere.

Ku United States ndi madera ena kumene njira yopezeka ndi yotetezedwa, ndikulimbikitsidwa kuti amayi omwe ali ndi HIV ayi kuyamwitsa ana awo. Kwa azimayiwa, kugwiritsa ntchito mkaka wa mkaka kumalimbikitsidwa.

Zosankha pokhapokha pamtunduwu zimaphatikizapo mkaka wa banki wopanda mafuta.

Kwa amayi omwe atha kukhala kuti ali ndi kachilombo ka HIV, ndikofunikira kudziwa zomwe akuyenera kuyang'ana.

Dziwani zambiri za zisonyezo za HIV mwa amayi.

Zizindikiro za Edzi ndi ziti?

Edzi imanena za matenda omwe amapezeka m'thupi. Ndi vutoli, chitetezo chamthupi chimafooka chifukwa cha kachilombo ka HIV kamene sikakhala kosagwidwa kwazaka zambiri.

Ngati HIV ipezeka ndikuchiritsidwa msanga ndi mankhwala ochepetsa mphamvu ya kachilombo ka HIV, munthu sangatenge Edzi.

Anthu omwe ali ndi kachilombo ka HIV atha kukhala ndi Edzi ngati kachilombo ka HIV sikupezeka mpaka mochedwa kapena ngati akudziwa kuti ali ndi kachilombo koma samamwa mosalekeza mankhwala awo.

Atha kukhalanso ndi Edzi ngati ali ndi mtundu wa HIV womwe umagonjetsedwa (suyankha) mankhwala ochepetsa mphamvu ya kachilombo ka HIV.

Popanda chithandizo choyenera komanso chosasinthasintha, anthu omwe ali ndi kachilombo ka HIV amatha kudwala Edzi posachedwa. Pofika nthawi imeneyo, chitetezo cha mthupi chimakhala chitawonongeka kale ndipo chimakhala chovuta kwambiri kuyambitsa yankho ku matenda ndi matenda.

Pogwiritsira ntchito mankhwala ochepetsa mphamvu ya kachilombo ka HIV, munthu amatha kukhalabe ndi kachilombo ka HIV kosatha kudwala Edzi kwazaka zambiri.

Zizindikiro za Edzi zitha kukhala:

• malungo obwerezabwereza
• zotupa zamatenda zotupa, makamaka zapakhosi, khosi, ndi kubuula
• kutopa kwambiri
• thukuta usiku
• timadontho takuda pansi pa khungu kapena mkamwa, mphuno, kapena zikope
• zilonda, mawanga, kapena zotupa mkamwa ndi lilime, maliseche, kapena anus
• ziphuphu, zotupa, kapena zotupa pakhungu
• kutsegula m'mimba mobwerezabwereza kapena kosatha
• kuwonda msanga
• mavuto amitsempha monga zovuta zowunikira, kukumbukira kukumbukira, komanso kusokonezeka
• nkhawa ndi kukhumudwa

Mankhwala ochepetsa mphamvu ya kachilombo ka HIV amayang'anira kachilomboka ndipo nthawi zambiri amateteza kufalikira kwa Edzi. Matenda ena ndi zovuta za Edzi amathanso kuchiritsidwa. Mankhwalawa ayenera kutengera zosowa za munthuyo.

Njira zochizira HIV

Chithandizo chikuyenera kuyamba posachedwa pambuyo popezeka ndi kachilombo ka HIV, ngakhale kuchuluka kwa ma virus.

Chithandizo chachikulu cha kachilombo ka HIV ndi mankhwala ochepetsa mphamvu ya kachilombo ka HIV, mankhwala osakaniza a tsiku ndi tsiku omwe amalepheretsa kachilomboka kuberekanso. Izi zimathandiza kuteteza ma CD4, kuteteza chitetezo chamthupi kukhala chokwanira kuchitapo kanthu polimbana ndi matenda.

Mankhwala ochepetsa mphamvu ya kachilombo ka HIV amathandiza kuti HIV isafalikire mpaka ku Edzi. Zimathandizanso kuchepetsa chiopsezo chotenga kachilombo ka HIV kwa ena.

Ngati mankhwala ali othandiza, kuchuluka kwa mavairasi kumakhala "kosaoneka." Munthuyo akadali ndi kachilombo ka HIV, koma kachilomboka sikuwoneka pazotsatira zake.

Komabe, kachilomboko kakadali mthupi. Ndipo munthu ameneyo akasiya kumwa mankhwala ochepetsa mphamvu ya kachilombo ka HIV, kuchuluka kwa mavairasi kumachulukirachulukira, ndipo kachilombo ka HIV kakhoza kuyambiranso kuwononga ma CD4.

Dziwani zambiri za momwe mankhwala a HIV amagwirira ntchito.

Mankhwala a HIV

Mankhwala ambiri ochepetsa mphamvu ya kachilombo ka HIV amavomerezedwa kuti athetse HIV. Amagwira ntchito yoteteza kachilombo ka HIV kuti isatuluke ndi kuwononga ma CD4, omwe amathandiza chitetezo cha mthupi kutulutsa yankho ku matenda.

Izi zimathandiza kuchepetsa chiopsezo chokhala ndi zovuta zokhudzana ndi HIV, komanso kufalitsa kachilomboka kwa ena.

Mankhwala ochepetsa mphamvu ya kachilombo ka HIV amagawidwa m'magulu asanu ndi limodzi:

• nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTIs)
• non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NNRTIs)
• protease inhibitors
• maphatikizidwe zoletsa
• Otsutsa a CCR5, omwe amadziwikanso kuti entry inhibitors
• kuphatikiza zoletsa zotchingira strand

Chithandizo cha mankhwala

Dipatimenti ya Zaumoyo ku United States (HHS) imalimbikitsa kuyambiranso mankhwala atatu a HIV kuchokera m'magulu awiri amtunduwu.

Kuphatikizana kumeneku kumathandiza kuteteza kachilombo ka HIV kuti asamamwe mankhwala. (Kukaniza kumatanthauza kuti mankhwalawa sagwiranso ntchito kuchiza kachilomboka.)

Mankhwala ambiri ochepetsa mphamvu ya kachilombo ka HIV amaphatikizidwa ndi ena kuti munthu amene ali ndi HIV amwe mapiritsi amodzi kapena awiri patsiku.

Wopereka chithandizo chamankhwala amathandiza munthu yemwe ali ndi kachilombo ka HIV kuti asankhe mtundu wa mankhwala malinga ndi thanzi lawo komanso momwe angakhalire.

Mankhwalawa ayenera kumwa tsiku lililonse, monga momwe amafotokozera. Ngati sanatengeredwe moyenera, kuthana ndi ma virus kumatha kupezeka, ndipo njira yatsopano ingafunike.

Kuyezetsa magazi kudzakuthandizani kudziwa ngati mtunduwo ukugwira ntchito kuti kuchuluka kwa ma virus kuchuluke komanso kuti CD4 iwonongeke. Ngati mankhwala ochepetsa mphamvu ya kachilombo ka HIV sakugwira ntchito, wothandizira zaumoyo wa munthuyo adzawasinthira ku mtundu wina womwe umakhala wogwira ntchito kwambiri.

Zotsatira zoyipa ndi mtengo wake

Zotsatira zoyipa za mankhwala ochepetsa mphamvu ya kachilombo ka HIV zimasiyana ndipo zimatha kukhala ndi nseru, kupweteka mutu, komanso chizungulire. Zizindikirozi nthawi zambiri zimakhala zakanthawi ndipo zimasowa pakapita nthawi.

Zotsatira zoyipa zimaphatikizira kutupa pakamwa ndi lilime komanso kuwonongeka kwa chiwindi kapena impso. Ngati zovuta zimakhala zoyipa, mankhwalawa amatha kusintha.

Mtengo wa mankhwala ochepetsa mphamvu ya kachilombo ka HIV umasiyana malinga ndi malo komanso mtundu wa inshuwaransi. Makampani ena opanga mankhwala ali ndi mapulogalamu othandizira kuti achepetse mtengo.

Dziwani zambiri za mankhwala omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito pochiza HIV.

Kupewa HIV

Ngakhale ofufuza ambiri akuyesetsa kuti apange imodzi, pakadali pano mulibe katemera woteteza kufala kwa HIV.Komabe, kuchitapo kanthu kungathandize kupewa kufalitsa kachirombo ka HIV.

Kugonana kotetezeka

Njira yofala kwambiri yoti kachilombo ka HIV katengeke ndi kudzera ku kugonana kumatako kapena kumaliseche popanda kondomu kapena njira ina yotchingira. Kuopsa kumeneku sikungathetsedwe pokhapokha ngati kupeŵedwa konse kwa kugonana, koma chiopsezo chitha kutsika kwambiri pochenjera.

Munthu amene ali ndi nkhawa za chiopsezo cha HIV ayenera:

• Kayezetseni HIV. Ndikofunika kuti aphunzire momwe alili komanso za wokondedwa wawo.
• Kayezetseni matenda ena opatsirana pogonana. Akayezetsa kuti ali ndi kachilombo ka HIV, ayenera kulandira chithandizo, chifukwa kukhala ndi matenda opatsirana pogonana kumawonjezera chiopsezo chotenga kachilombo ka HIV.
• Gwiritsani makondomu. Ayenera kuphunzira njira yoyenera yogwiritsira ntchito kondomu ndikuzigwiritsa ntchito nthawi zonse pogonana, kaya ndi kudzera kumaliseche kapena kumatako. Ndikofunika kukumbukira kuti madzi amadzimadzi asanakwane (omwe amatuluka amuna asanatuluke) akhoza kukhala ndi HIV.
• Tengani mankhwala awo monga momwe aliri ngati ali ndi kachilombo ka HIV. Izi zimachepetsa chiopsezo chotenga kachilomboka kwa wokondedwa wawo.

Gulani makondomu pa intaneti.

Njira zina zopewera

Zina zothandiza kupewa kufalikira kwa HIV ndi izi:

• Pewani kugawana singano kapena zinthu zina. HIV imafalikira kudzera m'magazi ndipo imatha kutenga kachilombo pogwiritsa ntchito zinthu zomwe zakhudzana ndi magazi a munthu yemwe ali ndi HIV.
• Ganizirani za PEP. Munthu amene watenga kachilombo ka HIV ayenera kulumikizana ndi omwe amamuchitira zaumoyo kuti apeze post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP). PEP imachepetsa chiopsezo chotenga kachilombo ka HIV. Amakhala ndi mankhwala ochepetsa mphamvu ya kachilombo ka HIV omwe amaperekedwa kwa masiku 28. PEP iyenera kuyambitsidwa posachedwa mutatha kuwonekera koma pasanadutse maola 36 mpaka 72.
• Ganizirani za PrEP. Munthu ali ndi mwayi waukulu wotenga kachilombo ka HIV ayenera kuyankhula ndi omwe amamuuza za pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP). Mukamamwa mosalekeza, amachepetsa chiopsezo chotenga kachilombo ka HIV. PrEP ndi kuphatikiza mankhwala awiri omwe amapezeka pamapiritsi.

Othandizira azaumoyo atha kupereka zambiri pazinthuzi komanso njira zina zopewera kufalikira kwa HIV.

Onani apa kuti mumve zambiri zopewa kupewa matenda opatsirana pogonana.

Kukhala ndi kachilombo ka HIV: Zomwe mungayembekezere ndi malangizo othandizira kuthana ndi vutoli

Anthu opitilira 1.2 miliyoni ku United States ali ndi kachilombo ka HIV. Ndizosiyana ndi aliyense, koma ndi chithandizo, ambiri amatha kuyembekezera kukhala ndi moyo wautali, wopindulitsa.

Chofunikira kwambiri ndikuyamba kumwa mankhwala ochepetsa mphamvu ya kachilombo ka HIV posachedwa. Pogwiritsa ntchito mankhwala monga momwe adanenera, anthu omwe ali ndi kachilombo ka HIV amachepetsa kuchuluka kwa ma virus awo komanso chitetezo chamthupi chawo chimakhala cholimba.

Ndikofunikanso kutsata wothandizira zaumoyo pafupipafupi.

Njira zina zomwe anthu omwe ali ndi kachilombo ka HIV angathandizire kukhala ndi thanzi labwino ndi monga:

• Amaika thanzi lawo patsogolo. Njira zothandizira anthu omwe ali ndi kachilombo ka HIV kumva bwino ndi izi:
  • kulimbitsa thupi lawo ndi chakudya chopatsa thanzi
  • kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi pafupipafupi
  • kupeza mpumulo wokwanira
  • kupewa fodya ndi mankhwala ena
  • kukauza omwe ali ndi thanzi lawo nthawi yomweyo
• Ganizirani zaumoyo wawo. Angaganizire kuwonana ndi wololeza yemwe ali ndi chidziwitso chothandizira anthu omwe ali ndi kachilombo ka HIV.
• Gwiritsani ntchito mchitidwe wogonana motetezeka. Lankhulani ndi anzawo ogonana nawo. Kayezetseni matenda opatsirana pogonana. Ndipo gwiritsani makondomu ndi njira zina zopinga nthawi zonse pogonana ndi abambo kapena kumatako.
• Lankhulani ndi omwe amawapatsa zaumoyo za PrEP ndi PEP. Pogwiritsidwa ntchito mosasinthasintha ndi munthu wopanda HIV, pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) ndi post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP) zitha kuchepetsa mwayi wofalitsa. PrEP imalimbikitsidwa nthawi zambiri kwa anthu omwe alibe HIV m'mayanjano ndi anthu omwe ali ndi kachilombo ka HIV, koma atha kugwiritsidwanso ntchito munthawi zina. Zomwe mungapeze pa intaneti kuti mupeze PrEP ndi monga PrEP Locator ndi PleasePrEPMe.
• Muzizungulira ndi okondedwa anu. Poyamba kuuza anthu za momwe awatulukira, amatha kuyamba pang'onopang'ono kuuza munthu yemwe angathe kukhala ndi chidaliro. Angafune kusankha wina yemwe sadzawaweruza komanso amene angawathandize posamalira thanzi lawo.
• Pezani chithandizo. Amatha kulowa nawo gulu lothandizira kachilombo ka HIV, kaya mwa iwo kapena pa intaneti, kuti athe kukumana ndi ena omwe akukumana ndi mavuto omwewo omwe ali nawo. Omwe amawasamalira amathanso kuwatsogolera kuzinthu zosiyanasiyana m'dera lawo.

Pali njira zambiri zopezera zabwino kwambiri pamoyo wanu mukamakhala ndi kachilombo ka HIV.

Mverani nkhani zenizeni za anthu omwe ali ndi kachilombo ka HIV.

Kutalika kwa moyo wa HIV: Dziwani zowona

M'zaka za m'ma 1990, munthu wazaka 20 yemwe ali ndi HIV anali ndi. Pofika chaka cha 2011, munthu wazaka 20 wokhala ndi kachilombo ka HIV akuyembekeza kukhala ndi moyo zaka zina 53.

Ndikusintha kwakukulu, chifukwa kwakukulu mbali ya mankhwala ochepetsa mphamvu ya kachilombo ka HIV. Ndi chithandizo choyenera, anthu ambiri omwe ali ndi kachilombo ka HIV amatha kuyembekezera kukhala ndi moyo wabwino kapena wathanzi.

Inde, zinthu zambiri zimakhudza kutalika kwa moyo kwa munthu yemwe ali ndi HIV. Zina mwa izo ndi izi:

• Kuwerengera kwama CD4
• kuchuluka kwa ma virus
• Matenda akulu okhudzana ndi HIV, kuphatikizapo chiwindi
• kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo
• kusuta
• kupeza, kutsatira, ndi kuyankha chithandizo
• matenda ena
• zaka

Kumene munthu amakhala kumakhala kofunikira. Anthu ku United States ndi mayiko ena otukuka atha kukhala ndi mwayi wopeza mankhwala ochepetsa mphamvu ya kachilombo ka HIV.

Kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwalawa mosasinthasintha kumathandiza kupewa HIV kuti isafalikire ku Edzi. HIV ikafika ku Edzi, chiyembekezo cha moyo wopanda chithandizo chatsala pang'ono kutha.

Mu 2017, zokhudzana ndi kukhala ndi kachilombo ka HIV ndimagwiritsa ntchito mankhwala ochepetsa mphamvu ya kachilombo ka HIV.

Ziwerengero za chiyembekezo cha moyo ndi malangizo wamba. Anthu omwe ali ndi kachilombo ka HIV ayenera kuyankhula ndi omwe amawapatsa chithandizo chamankhwala kuti aphunzire zambiri za zomwe angayembekezere.

Phunzirani zambiri za kutalika kwa moyo komanso chiyembekezo cha nthawi yayitali ndi HIV.

Kodi pali katemera wa HIV?

Pakadali pano palibe katemera wopewera kapena kuchizira HIV. Kufufuza ndi kuyesa pa katemera woyeserera kukupitilira, koma palibe amene ali pafupi kuvomerezedwa kuti agwiritsidwe ntchito.

HIV ndi kachilombo kovuta. Imasintha (kusintha) mwachangu ndipo nthawi zambiri imatha kuyankha mayankho amthupi. Ndi anthu ochepa okha omwe ali ndi kachilombo ka HIV omwe amateteza ma antibodies ambiri, omwe amatha kuyankha pamavuto osiyanasiyana a HIV.

Kafukufuku woyamba wothandiza pa katemera wa HIV mzaka 7 anali kuchitika ku South Africa mu 2016. Katemera woyeserera ndiwosinthidwa wa omwe adagwiritsidwa ntchito pakuyesa kwa 2009 komwe kudachitika ku Thailand.

Chotsatira chazaka 3.5 zitalandira katemera chidawonetsa kuti katemerayu anali othandiza 31.2% popewa kufalikira kwa HIV.

Kafukufukuyu akuphatikiza amuna ndi akazi 5,400 ochokera ku South Africa. Mu 2016 ku South Africa, za kachilombo ka HIV. Zotsatira za phunziroli zikuyembekezeredwa mu 2021.

Njira zina zakuchedwa, zoyeserera za katemera wamayiko osiyanasiyana zikuchitika panopo.

Kafukufuku wina wokhudza katemera wa HIV akupitilizabe.

Ngakhale kulibe katemera woteteza HIV, anthu omwe ali ndi HIV atha kupindula ndi katemera wina wopewa matenda okhudzana ndi HIV. Nawa malingaliro a CDC:

• chibayo: kwa ana onse ochepera 2 komanso achikulire onse 65 kapena kupitilira apo
• fuluwenza: kwa anthu onse opitilira miyezi 6 chaka chilichonse kupatula kosowa
• chiwindi A ndi B: Funsani dokotala ngati muyenera kulandira katemera wa hepatitis A ndi B, makamaka ngati muli
• meninjaitisi: Katemera wa meningococcal conjugate ndi wa ana onse azaka zapakati pa 13 ndi 12 wazaka zakubadwa wazaka 16, kapena aliyense amene ali pachiwopsezo. Katemera wa serogroup B meningococcal amalimbikitsidwa kwa aliyense wazaka 10 kapena kupitilira apo ali pachiwopsezo chachikulu.
• zikopa: kwa iwo azaka 50 kapena kupitilira apo

Dziwani chifukwa chake katemera wa HIV ndi wovuta kupanga.

Ziwerengero za HIV

Nayi manambala a HIV lero:

• Mu 2019, pafupifupi anthu 38 miliyoni padziko lonse anali ndi kachilombo ka HIV. Mwa iwo, 1.8 miliyoni anali ana ochepera zaka 15.
• Kumapeto kwa 2019, anthu 25.4 miliyoni omwe ali ndi kachilombo ka HIV anali kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala ochepetsa mphamvu ya kachilombo ka HIV.
• Chiyambireni mliriwu, anthu 75.7 miliyoni atenga kachilombo ka HIV, ndipo zovuta zokhudzana ndi Edzi zapha miyoyo 32.7 miliyoni.
• Mu 2019, anthu 690,000 adamwalira ndi matenda obwera chifukwa cha Edzi. Uku ndikuchepa kuchoka pa 1.9 miliyoni mu 2005.
• Kum'maŵa ndi Kumwera kwa Africa ndiko kumenyedwa kwambiri. Mu 2019, anthu 20.7 miliyoni m'malo amenewa anali ndi kachilombo ka HIV, ndipo ena 730,000 adalandira kachilomboka. Derali lili ndi anthu opitilira theka la anthu omwe ali ndi kachilombo ka HIV padziko lonse lapansi.
• Azimayi achikulire ndi achinyamata amakhala ndi 19 peresenti ya omwe ali ndi kachilombo ka HIV ku United States mu 2018. Pafupifupi theka la milandu yonse yatsopano imapezeka ku Africa America.
• Akapanda kuchiritsidwa, mayi yemwe ali ndi kachilombo ka HIV ali ndi mwayi wopatsira mwana wake HIV panthawi yapakati kapena yoyamwitsa. Ndi mankhwala ochepetsa mphamvu ya kachilombo ka HIV nthawi yonse yoyembekezera komanso kupewa kuyamwitsa, chiopsezo chake chimachepa.
• M'zaka za m'ma 1990, munthu wazaka 20 wokhala ndi HIV anali ndi zaka 19. Pofika chaka cha 2011, zinali zitakwanitsa zaka 53. Masiku ano, chiyembekezo cha moyo ndichoti mankhwala ochepetsa mphamvu ya kachilombo ka HIV ayambitsidwa atangotenga kachilombo ka HIV.

Pomwe mwayi wopeza mankhwala ochepetsa mphamvu ya kachilombo ka HIV ukupitilizabe kusintha padziko lonse lapansi, ziwerengerozi zikupitilizabe kusintha.

Dziwani zambiri za HIV.