Kodi Kuyesedwa Kwachibadwa Kumagwira Ntchito Yanji Pachithandizo cha Khansa ya M'mawere?

Zamkati

• Kodi kuyesa majini ndi chiyani?
• Mitundu yamayeso amtundu wa khansa ya m'mawere
• Mayeso amtundu wa BRCA
• Mayeso amtundu wa HER2
• Kodi ndiyenera kuyesedwa ngati ndili ndi khansa ya m'mawere?
• Kodi mayesowa amachitika bwanji?
• Ndiyenera kukaonana ndi mlangizi wa majini?
• Tengera kwina

Khansara ya m'mawere ndi khansa yomwe yafalikira kunja kwa bere lanu ku ziwalo zina monga mapapo, ubongo, kapena chiwindi. Dokotala wanu amatha kunena kuti khansara ngati gawo 4, kapena khansa ya m'mawere yochedwa.

Gulu lanu losamalira zaumoyo liyesa mayeso angapo kuti mupeze khansa yanu ya m'mawere, muwone momwe yafalikira, ndikupeza chithandizo choyenera. Kuyesedwa kwa majini ndi gawo limodzi la njira yodziwira. Mayeserowa amatha kuuza dokotala ngati khansa yanu ikukhudzana ndi kusintha kwa majini komanso chithandizo chomwe chingagwire ntchito bwino.

Sikuti aliyense amafunikira kuyesedwa kwa majini. Dokotala wanu ndi mlangizi wa majini amalangiza mayeserowa potengera msinkhu wanu komanso zoopsa zanu.

Kodi kuyesa majini ndi chiyani?

Chibadwa ndi zigawo za DNA. Amakhala mkatikati mwa selo iliyonse mthupi lanu. Chibadwa chimakhala ndi malangizo opangira mapuloteni omwe amayang'anira zochitika zonse za thupi lanu.

Kukhala ndi kusintha kwa majini, kotchedwa kusintha, kumatha kukulitsa mwayi wokhala ndi khansa ya m'mawere. Kuyesedwa kwa majini kumayang'ana kusinthaku kwamtundu uliwonse. Kuyesa kwa Gene kumawunikiranso ma chromosomes - magawo akulu a DNA - kuti ayang'ane zosintha zokhudzana ndi khansa ya m'mawere.

Mitundu yamayeso amtundu wa khansa ya m'mawere

Dokotala wanu akhoza kuyitanitsa mayeso kuti awone Zamgululi1, Zamgululi, ndi HER2 kusintha kwa majini. Mayesero ena amtunduwu amapezeka, koma sagwiritsidwa ntchito pafupipafupi.

Mayeso amtundu wa BRCA

Zamgululi1 ndipo Zamgululi majini amapanga mtundu wa mapuloteni otchedwa chotupa chopondereza mapuloteni. Pamene majini amenewa ali abwinobwino, amakonza DNA yowonongeka ndikuthandizira kupewa ma cell a khansa kukula.

Masinthidwe mu Zamgululi1 ndipo Zamgululi majini amayambitsa kuchuluka kwama cell ndikuwonjezera chiopsezo chanu khansa ya m'mawere ndi yamchiberekero.

Mayeso amtundu wa BRCA atha kuthandiza dokotala kuti adziwe vuto la khansa ya m'mawere. Ngati muli ndi khansa ya m'mawere, kuyesa kusintha kwa jini kungathandize dokotala kudziwa ngati mankhwala ena a khansa ya m'mawere angakuthandizeni.

Mayeso amtundu wa HER2

Manambala a epidermal kukula factor receptor 2 (HER2) popanga protein yolandirira HER2. Puloteni iyi ili pamwamba pamaselo am'mabele. Puloteni ya HER2 ikatsegulidwa, imawuza maselo ammawere kuti akule ndikugawana.

Kusintha kwa HER2 jini imayika zolandilira zambiri za HER2 pama cell am'mabere. Izi zimapangitsa ma cell ammawere kukula mosalamulirika ndikupanga zotupa.

Khansa ya m'mawere yomwe imayesa HER2 imatchedwa khansa ya m'mawere ya HER2. Amakula mofulumira ndipo amatha kufalikira kuposa khansa ya m'mawere ya HER2.

Dokotala wanu adzagwiritsa ntchito mayeso awiriwa kuti muwone momwe HER2 alili:

• Immunohistochemistry (IHC) imayesa ngati muli ndi mapuloteni ambiri a HER2 pama cell anu a khansa. Mayeso a IHC amapatsa khansa kuchuluka kwa 0 mpaka 3+ kutengera kuchuluka kwa HER2 yomwe muli nayo pa khansa yanu. Zolemba 0 mpaka 1+ ndi HER2-negative. Malipiro a 2+ ndi malire. Ndipo mphambu 3+ ndi HER2-positive.

• Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) imayang'ana makope owonjezera a HER2 jini. Zotsatira zake zimanenedwanso kuti HER2-positive kapena HER2-hasi.

Kodi ndiyenera kuyesedwa ngati ndili ndi khansa ya m'mawere?

Ngati mwapezeka kuti muli ndi khansa ya m'mawere, kungakhale kothandiza kudziwa ngati kusintha komwe mwalandira kunayambitsa khansa yanu. Kuyezetsa magazi kumatha kuthandizira kuwongolera mankhwala anu. Mankhwala ena a khansa amangogwira ntchito kapena amathandiza kwambiri pa khansa ya m'mawere ndi kusintha kwa majini.

Mwachitsanzo, PARP inhibitor mankhwala olaparib (Lynparza) ndi talazoparib (Talzenna) ndi ovomerezeka ndi FDA okha kuti athetse khansa ya m'mawere yoyambitsidwa ndi Zamgululi kusintha kwa majini. Anthu omwe ali ndi kusintha kumeneku amathanso kuyankha bwino ku chemotherapy mankhwala a carboplatin kuposa docetaxel.

Chikhalidwe chanu cha jini chingathandizenso kudziwa mtundu wa opareshoni yomwe mumapeza komanso ngati mukuyenera kulowa nawo mayeso ena azachipatala. Zitha kuthandizanso ana anu kapena abale ena apamtima kudziwa ngati atha kukhala pachiwopsezo chachikulu cha khansa ya m'mawere ndipo angafunikire kuwunikiridwa.

Malangizo ochokera ku National Comprehensive Cancer Network amalimbikitsa kuyesa kwa majini kwa anthu omwe ali ndi khansa ya m'mawere omwe:

• anapezeka ali ndi zaka 50 kapena asanakwane
• khalani ndi khansa ya m'mawere yopanda katatu yomwe idapezeka ali ndi zaka 60
• mukhale ndi wachibale wapafupi ndi khansa ya m'mawere, yamchiberekero, prostate, kapena kapamba
• khalani ndi khansa m'mawere onse awiri
• ndi ochokera ku Eastern Europe achiyuda (Ashkenazi)

Komabe, chitsogozo cha 2019 kuchokera ku American Society of Breast Surgeons chalimbikitsa kuti anthu onse omwe amapezeka kuti ali ndi khansa ya m'mawere ayesedwe majini. Lankhulani ndi dokotala wanu ngati mukuyenera kukayezetsa.

Kodi mayesowa amachitika bwanji?

Kwa fayilo ya Zamgululi kuyesa kwa majini, dokotala wanu kapena namwino adzakutengani gawo la magazi anu kapena swab ya malovu mkatikati mwa tsaya lanu. Mtundu wamagazi kapena malovuwo umapita ku labu, komwe akatswiri amayesa Zamgululi kusintha kwa majini.

Dokotala wanu amachita HER2 Kuyesedwa kwa majini pa maselo am'mimba kumachotsedwa nthawi yolemba. Pali njira zitatu zopangira biopsy:

• Chida chabwino cha singano chimachotsa maselo ndi madzi ndi singano yoonda kwambiri.
• Chigoba chachikulu cha singano chimachotsa pang'ono pang'ono minofu ya m'mawere ndi singano yayikulu, yopanda pake.
• Biopsy yochita opareshoni imadula pang'ono pachifuwa panthawi yochita opaleshoni ndikuchotsa chidutswa cha minofu.

Inu ndi dokotala mupeza zotsatira, zomwe zimabwera ngati lipoti la matenda.Ripotili limaphatikizaponso chidziwitso pamtundu, kukula, mawonekedwe, komanso mawonekedwe am'magazi anu a khansa, komanso momwe angakule mwachangu. Zotsatira zingakuthandizeni kutsogolera chithandizo chamankhwala.

Ndiyenera kukaonana ndi mlangizi wa majini?

Katswiri wopanga ma genetic ndi katswiri pazoyesa majini. Amatha kukuthandizani kusankha ngati mungafune kuyezetsa majini ndi maubwino ndi zoopsa zoyesedwa.

Zotsatira za mayeso anu zikafika, mlangizi wa zamtunduwu akhoza kukuthandizani kumvetsetsa zomwe akutanthauza, ndi zomwe mungachite motsatira. Angathandizenso kudziwitsa abale anu apamtima za zovuta zawo za khansa.

Tengera kwina

Ngati mwapezeka kuti muli ndi khansa ya m'mawere, lankhulani ndi dokotala wanu za kuyesa kwa majini. Zitha kuthandizira kuyankhulana ndi mlangizi wamtundu kuti mumvetsetse mayeso anu.

Zotsatira za mayeso anu amtundu wanu zitha kuthandiza dokotala kupeza chithandizo choyenera kwa inu. Zotsatira zanu zitha kudziwitsanso abale anu ena za chiopsezo chawo komanso kufunika kowunikiranso khansa ya m'mawere.