Momwe Medicare Amalipiridwira: Ndani Amalipira Medicare?

Zamkati

• Kodi Medicare imalipidwa bwanji?
• Kodi Medicare amawononga ndalama zingati mu 2020?
• Mtengo wa Medicare Part A
• Mtengo wa Medicare Part B
• Medicare Part C (Zopindulitsa) ndalama
• Mtengo wa Medicare Part D
• Mtengo wa Medicare Supplement (Medigap)
• Kutenga

• Medicare imathandizidwa makamaka kudzera mu Federal Insurance Contributions Act (FICA).
• Misonkho yochokera ku FICA imapereka ndalama ziwiri zodalirika zomwe zimakhudza zochitika za Medicare.
• Thumba la trust la Medicare Hospital Insurance (HI) limalipira mtengo wa Medicare Part A.
• Thumba la Supplementary Medical Insurance (SMI) limalipira ndalama za Medicare Part B ndi Gawo D.
• Ndalama zina za Medicare zimalipidwa ndi mapulani a ndalama, chiwongola dzanja cha ndalama, ndi ndalama zina zomwe boma limavomereza.

Medicare ndi njira yothandizira inshuwaransi yothandizidwa ndi boma yomwe imapereka mwayi kwa mamiliyoni aku America azaka zapakati pa 65 ndi kupitilira, komanso anthu omwe ali ndi zikhalidwe zina. Ngakhale malingaliro ena a Medicare amalengezedwa kuti ndi "aulere," ndalama za Medicare zimawononga ndalama mabiliyoni ambiri chaka chilichonse.

Ndiye, ndani amalipira Medicare? Medicare imathandizidwa ndi ndalama zingapo zothandizidwa ndi misonkho, chiwongola dzanja cha thumba, ndalama zopindulitsa, ndi ndalama zowonjezera zovomerezedwa ndi Congress.

Nkhaniyi ifufuza njira zosiyanasiyana zomwe gawo lililonse la Medicare limathandizidwira komanso ndalama zomwe zimakhudzana ndikulembetsa dongosolo la Medicare.

Kodi Medicare imalipidwa bwanji?

Mu 2017, Medicare idakwaniritsa opindula oposa 58 miliyoni, ndipo ndalama zonse zomwe zimawonongedwa zidapitilira $ 705 biliyoni.

Zowonongera za Medicare zimalipidwa makamaka ndi ndalama ziwiri zodalirika:

• Thumba la trust la Medicare Hospital Insurance (HI)
• Thumba lowonjezera la Inshuwaransi ya Zachipatala (SMI)

Tisanadumphane m'mene ndalama zonsezi zimalipirira Medicare, tiyenera kumvetsetsa momwe amalandirira ndalama.

Mu 1935, Federal Insurance Contributions Act (FICA) idakhazikitsidwa. Misonkhoyi imathandizira kuti ndalama zizithandizidwa ndi Medicare ndi Social Security kudzera pamalipiro ndi misonkho. Umu ndi momwe zimagwirira ntchito:

• Pa malipiro anu onse, 6.2% amabisidwa ku Social Security.
• Kuphatikiza apo, 1.45% yamalipiro anu onse amasungidwa ku Medicare.
• Ngati mukulembedwa ntchito ndi kampani, abwana anu amafanana ndi 6.2% ya Social Security ndi 1.45% ya Medicare, yokwana 7.65%.
• Ngati mumadzipangira ntchito, mudzalipira misonkho yowonjezera 7.65%.

Misonkho ya 2.9% ya Medicare imapita mwachindunji muzandalama ziwiri zomwe zimapereka chindapusa cha ndalama za Medicare. Anthu onse omwe akugwira ntchito ku United States amapereka misonkho ku FICA kuti athandizire pulogalamu ya Medicare yomwe ilipo.

Zowonjezera zowonjezera ndalama za Medicare ndi izi:

• misonkho yolipiridwa pazopeza za Social Security
• chiwongola dzanja cha ndalama ziwiri zodalirika
• ndalama zovomerezedwa ndi Congress
• malipiro ochokera ku Medicare mbali A, B, ndi D

Pulogalamu ya Thumba la Medicare HI trust makamaka imapereka ndalama ku Medicare Part A. Pansi pa Gawo A, opindula amapezedwa kuchipatala, kuphatikizapo:

• chisamaliro cha kuchipatala
• chisamaliro chakuchipatala
• chisamaliro cha anamwino
• chithandizo chamankhwala kunyumba
• chisamaliro cha odwala

Pulogalamu ya Thumba la trust la SMI makamaka amapereka ndalama ku Medicare Part B ndi Medicare Part D. Pansi pa Gawo B, opindula amalandila chithandizo chamankhwala, kuphatikiza:

• ntchito zodzitetezera
• ntchito zowunikira
• chithandizo chamankhwala
• ntchito zamisala
• mankhwala ena ake ndi katemera
• zida zamankhwala zolimba
• mayesero azachipatala

Ndalama zonse ziwiri zimathandizanso kulipirira ndalama zoyendetsera Medicare, monga kutolera misonkho ya Medicare, kulipira zabwino, komanso kuthana ndi milandu yachinyengo ya Medicare.

Ngakhale Medicare Part D imalandira ndalama kuchokera ku thumba la SMI trust, gawo lina la ndalama za Medicare Part D ndi Medicare Advantage (Gawo C) limachokera pamalipiro olandira.Kwa mapulani a Medicare Advantage, ndalama zilizonse zomwe sizinaperekedwe ndi ndalama za Medicare ziyenera kulipidwa ndi ndalama zina.

Kodi Medicare amawononga ndalama zingati mu 2020?

Pali zolipira zosiyanasiyana zomwe zimakhudzana ndikulembetsa ku Medicare. Nazi zina zomwe mungazindikire mu dongosolo lanu la Medicare:

• Zolipira. Choyambirira ndi ndalama zomwe mumalipira kuti mulembetse ku Medicare. Gawo A ndi B, lomwe limapanga Medicare yoyambirira, onse amakhala ndi zolipira pamwezi. Malingaliro ena a Medicare Part C (Advantage) ali ndi chiwongola dzanja chapadera, kuphatikiza pamitengo yoyambirira ya Medicare. Mapulani a Part D ndi mapulani a Medigap amalipitsanso ndalama zoyambira pamwezi.
• Zodulidwa. Chodulidwa ndi kuchuluka kwa ndalama zomwe mumalipira Medicare isanakwaniritse ntchito zanu. Gawo A limachotsedwa panthawi yopindulira, pomwe Gawo B limachotsedwa pachaka. Gawo lina la D ndi mapulani a Medicare Advantage okhala ndi mankhwala osokoneza bongo amakhalanso ndi mankhwala ochotsera mankhwala.
• Zokopa. Ndalama zolipirira ndizomwe mumalipira nthawi iliyonse mukapita kukaonana ndi dokotala kapena katswiri. Mapulani a Medicare Advantage, makamaka mapulani a Health Maintenance Organisation (HMO) ndi Preferred Provider Organisation (PPO), amalipiritsa ndalama zosiyana pamaulendo awa. Madongosolo a Medicare Part D amalipiritsa ndalama zingapo pamankhwala omwe mumamwa.
• Coinsurance. Coinsurance ndiye kuchuluka kwa mtengo wamantchito omwe muyenera kulipira mthumba. Kwa Medicare Part A, chitsimikizo cha ndalama chimakulitsani mukamagwiritsa ntchito ntchito zachipatala. Kwa Medicare Part B, chitsimikizo cha ndalama ndizokhazikitsidwa kuchuluka kwake. Medicare Part D imadula ngongole ya ndalama kapena kukopera mankhwala anu.
• Ma maximums akuthumba. Zolinga zonse za Medicare Advantage zimayika ndalama zomwe mungagwiritse ntchito mthumba; izi zimatchedwa kuchuluka kwakathumba. Ndalamazi zimasiyanasiyana kutengera dongosolo lanu la Advantage.
• Mtengo wa ntchito zosaphimbidwa ndi dongosolo lanu. Ngati mwalembetsa dongosolo la Medicare lomwe silikukhudzana ndi ntchito zomwe mukufuna, mudzakhala ndi udindo wolipira ndalamazi m'thumba.

Gawo lirilonse la Medicare limakhala ndi ndalama zosiyana, monga zalembedwera pamwambapa. Pamodzi ndi ndalama ziwiri zakukhulupilira zomwe zakhazikitsidwa gawo lililonse la Medicare, zina mwa zolipiritsa pamwezi zimathandizanso kulipira ntchito za Medicare.

Mtengo wa Medicare Part A

Gawo A premium ndi $ 0 kwa anthu ena, koma limatha kukhala lokwana kufika $ 458 kwa ena, kutengera momwe mumagwirira ntchito nthawi yayitali.

Gawo A deductible ndi $ 1,408 panthawi yopindulitsa, yomwe imayamba mukangolowa kuchipatala ndikutha mukangotulutsidwa masiku 60.

Gawo A chitsimikizo ndi $ 0 m'masiku 60 oyambira kuchipatala. Pambuyo pa tsiku la 60, ndalama zanu zachuma zimatha kuyambira $ 352 patsiku masiku 61 mpaka 90 mpaka $ 704 kwa masiku osungira masiku 90. Zitha kuperekanso mpaka 100% ya mtengo, kutengera kutalika kwa khalani.

Mtengo wa Medicare Part B

Gawo loyamba la Gawo B limayamba pa $ 144.60 ndikuwonjezeka kutengera mtundu wa ndalama zanu zapachaka.

Gawo B deductible ndi $ 198 ya 2020. Mosiyana ndi Gawo A deductible, ndalamayi ndi pachaka osati panthawi yopeza phindu.

Gawo B ndalama zothandizira ndalama ndi 20 peresenti ya mtengo wanu wovomerezeka ndi Medicare. Izi ndi ndalama zomwe Medicare yavomera kulipira omwe amakupatsani pazithandizo zanu zamankhwala. Nthawi zina, mungakhalenso ndi ngongole ya Part B yowonjezera.

Medicare Part C (Zopindulitsa) ndalama

Kuphatikiza pa mtengo wa Medicare wapachiyambi (gawo A ndi B), mapulani ena a Medicare Advantage amalipiritsanso ndalama zowonjezera pamwezi kuti akhalebe olembetsa. Ngati mwalembetsa mu gawo C lomwe limakhudza mankhwala omwe mumalandira, mungafunikirenso kulipira mankhwala ochotsera mankhwala, ndalama zolipirira ndalama, komanso chitsimikizo cha ndalama. Komanso, mudzakhala ndi udindo wopeza ndalama mukamapita kukaonana ndi dokotala kapena katswiri.

Mtengo wa Medicare Part D

Gawo la D limasiyanasiyana kutengera dongosolo lomwe mungasankhe, lomwe lingakhudzidwe ndi komwe muli komanso kampani yomwe ikugulitsa pulaniyo. Ngati mwachedwa kulembetsa nawo gawo lanu la Part D, ndalama izi zitha kukhala zazikulu.

Gawo D deductible limasiyananso kutengera dongosolo lomwe mungalembetse. Ndalama zomwe zingachotsedwe zomwe Gawo D lingakulipireni ndi $ 435 mu 2020.

Kulipira gawo la Part D ndi ndalama za ndalama zimadalira kwathunthu mankhwala omwe mukumwa mu fomu yanu yamankhwala. Mapulani onse amakhala ndi mapangidwe, omwe ndi gulu la mankhwala onse omwe akukonzekera.

Mtengo wa Medicare Supplement (Medigap)

Mitengo ya Medigap imasiyanasiyana kutengera mtundu wa zomwe mumalemba. Mwachitsanzo, mapulani a Medigap omwe adalembetsa ochepa komanso kufotokozera zambiri atha kukhala okwera mtengo kuposa mapulani a Medigap omwe sachita zambiri.

Ingokumbukirani kuti mukalembetsa mu dongosolo la Medigap, zina mwazomwe ndalama zoyambirira za Medicare zithandizidwa ndi pulani yanu.

Kutenga

Medicare imathandizidwa makamaka kudzera mu ndalama zakukhulupirika, ndalama zolipiridwa mwezi uliwonse, ndalama zovomerezeka ndi Congress, komanso chiwongola dzanja cha trust. Magawo a Medicare A, B, ndi D onse amagwiritsa ntchito trust fund ndalama kuti zithandizire kulipirira ntchito. Zowonjezerapo za Medicare Advantage zimapatsidwa ndalama mothandizidwa ndi zolipira pamwezi.

Ndalama zomwe zimagwirizanitsidwa ndi Medicare zitha kuwonjezera, chifukwa chake ndikofunikira kudziwa zomwe mudzalipira mthumba mukalembetsa mu dongosolo la Medicare.

Kuti mugule pafupi ndi mapulani a Medicare mdera lanu, pitani ku Medicare.gov kuti mufananize zomwe mungachite pafupi nanu.