Chofiyira kapena Choyera: Ndi Nyama Yotani Ya Nkhumba?

Zamkati

• Kusiyana pakati pa nyama yofiira ndi yoyera
• Gulu la sayansi ya nkhumba
• Gulu la nkhumba zophikira
• Mfundo yofunika

Nyama ya nkhumba ndi nyama yodyedwa kwambiri padziko lapansi (1).

Komabe, ngakhale ikudziwika padziko lonse lapansi, anthu ambiri sadziwa kuti ndi yolondola bwanji.

Izi ndichifukwa choti ena amawaika ngati nyama yofiira, pomwe ena amawona kuti ndi nyama yoyera.

Nkhaniyi ikuwunika ngati nkhumba ndi yoyera kapena yofiira.

Kusiyana pakati pa nyama yofiira ndi yoyera

Kusiyanitsa kwakukulu pakati pa utoto wa nyama yofiira ndi yoyera ndi kuchuluka kwa myoglobin yomwe imapezeka munyama ya nyama.

Myoglobin ndi puloteni munyama zaminyewa zomwe zimamangirira mpweya kuti zizigwiritsidwa ntchito ngati mphamvu.

Minyama, myoglobin imakhala inki yayikulu yomwe imayang'anira mtundu wake, chifukwa imatulutsa mawu ofiira ofiira akagwirizana ndi oxygen (, 3).

Nyama yofiira imakhala ndi myoglobin wokwera kwambiri kuposa nyama yoyera, yomwe ndi yomwe imasiyanitsa mitundu yawo.

Komabe, zinthu zosiyanasiyana zimatha kukopa mtundu wa nyama, monga msinkhu wa nyama, mitundu, kugonana, kadyedwe, ndi magwiridwe antchito (3).

Mwachitsanzo, minofu yolimbitsa thupi imakhala ndi myoglobin yambiri chifukwa imafuna mpweya wambiri kuti igwire ntchito. Izi zikutanthauza kuti nyama yomwe imachokera kwa iwo imakhala yakuda.

Kuphatikiza apo, kulongedza ndi kukonza njira kumatha kubweretsa kusiyanasiyana kwamtundu wa nyama (, 3).

Mtundu wowoneka bwino wa nyama yaiwisi kuchokera ku ng'ombe, mwanawankhosa, nkhumba, ndi nyama yamwana wankhumba iyenera kukhala yofiira, yamatcheri ofiira, ofiira-pinki, ndi pinki wotumbululuka motsatana. Ponena za nkhuku yaiwisi, imatha kusiyanasiyana kuyambira kubuluu kukhala yoyera mpaka yachikaso (3).

Myoglobin ndi mapuloteni omwe amachititsa kuti nyama ikhale yofiira, ndipo ndi chinthu chofunikira kwambiri pogawa nyama yofiira ndi yoyera. Nyama yofiira imakhala ndi myoglobin yambiri kuposa nyama yoyera.

Gulu la sayansi ya nkhumba

Malinga ndi asayansi komanso oyang'anira chakudya, monga United States department of Agriculture (USDA), nkhumba amadziwika kuti ndi nyama yofiira (1).

Pali zifukwa zikuluzikulu ziwiri zamaguluwa.

Choyamba, nkhumba ili ndi myoglobin yambiri kuposa nkhuku ndi nsomba. Mwakutero, amadziwika kuti ndi nyama yofiira ngakhale alibe mtundu wofiira wowala - ndipo ngakhale atakhala owala akamaphika.

Chachiwiri, popeza nkhumba ndi ziweto, nkhumba amadziwika kuti ndi ziweto pamodzi ndi ng'ombe, mwanawankhosa, ndi nyama yamwana wang'ombe, ndipo ziweto zonse zimawerengedwa kuti ndi nyama yofiira.

Nyama ya nkhumba imakhala ndi myoglobin wambiri kuposa nkhuku ndi nsomba. Chifukwa chake, asayansi komanso oyang'anira chakudya monga USDA amawaika ngati nyama yofiira. Komanso, kupatsidwa gulu la nkhumba ngati ziweto pamodzi ndi ziweto zina, nkhumba imawerengedwa kuti ndi nyama yofiira.

Gulu la nkhumba zophikira

Malinga ndi miyambo yophikira, mawu oti nyama yoyera amatanthauza nyama yokhala ndi mtundu wotumbululuka kale komanso pambuyo pophika.

Chifukwa chake, poyankhula mwakachetechete, nkhumba amadziwika kuti ndi nyama yoyera.

Kuphatikiza apo, kampeni yoyambitsidwa ndi National Pork Board - pulogalamu yothandizidwa ndi ntchito yotsatsa zaulimi ku USDA - mwina idalimbikitsa izi (4).

Kampeniyi idayamba chakumapeto kwa zaka za m'ma 1980 ngati cholinga cholimbikitsa nyama ya nkhumba ngati nyama yowonda, ndipo idatchuka kwambiri ndi mawu oti, "Nkhumba. Nyama yoyera inayo. ”

Komabe, kumbukirani kuti cholinga cha kampeni chinali kuwonjezera kufunika kwa ogula pakuchepetsa mafuta a nkhumba.

Zophikira zimayika nkhumba ngati nyama yoyera chifukwa cha utoto wake, isanaphike komanso itatha kuphika.

Mfundo yofunika

Nyama yoyera ndi yofiira imasiyana myoglobin yawo, mapuloteni omwe amachititsa mtundu wa nyama.

Nyama yofiira imakhala ndi myoglobin wambiri kuposa nyama yoyera, ndipo myoglobin wokwera kwambiri amatulutsa mtundu wakuda wakuda.

Ngakhale chikhalidwe chophikira chimagwira nkhumba ngati nyama yoyera, ndi nyama yofiira mwasayansi, popeza imakhala ndi myoglobin yambiri kuposa nkhuku ndi nsomba.

Kuphatikiza apo, ngati nyama yaulimi, nkhumba amadziwika kuti ndi ziweto, zomwe zimawonedwanso ngati nyama yofiira.

Mitengo ina yodulira nkhumba imafanana ndi nkhuku, zomwe zimapangitsa mawu oti, "Nkhumba. Nyama yoyera inayo. ”