Kodi khate ndi chiyani, zizindikiro zazikulu ndi momwe mungapezere

Zamkati

• Matenda akhate
• Momwe mungatsimikizire ngati ndi khate
• Momwe kufalitsa kumachitikira
• Momwe mankhwalawa amachitikira
• Momwe mungachiritse khate mukakhala ndi pakati

Khate, lomwe limadziwikanso kuti khate kapena matenda a Hansen, ndi matenda opatsirana omwe amayamba chifukwa cha bakiteriyaMycobacterium leprae (M. leprae), zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale mawanga oyera pakhungu ndikusintha kwa mitsempha yotumphukira, yomwe imachepetsa chidwi cha munthu kumva kupweteka, kukhudza ndi kutentha, mwachitsanzo.

Ziwalo zomwe zimakhudzidwa kwambiri ndi thupi ndi maso, manja ndi mapazi, koma mabala amathanso kuonekera pankhope, makutu, matako, mikono, miyendo ndi msana ndi kufala kumachitika chifukwa chokhudzana ndi zobisika za munthu amene ali ndi kachilomboka.

Khate limatha kuchiritsidwa ngati mankhwala akutsatiridwa molingana ndi malangizo a dokotala, polemekeza mlingo ndi nthawi ya chithandizo, ndipo amachitika pogwiritsa ntchito maantibayotiki.

Matenda akhate

Zizindikiro zoyambirira komanso zazikulu za khate ndikuwoneka kwa zigamba zosalala kapena zokutira, zamtundu wozungulira, zowala kuposa khungu, zomwe zimatha kufalikira mthupi lonse. Mawangawa amatha kukhudza nsidze ndi nsidze ndipo nthawi zina amatha kufiira. Pamalo aliwonse pamakhala kuchepa kwa chidwi, ndiye kuti, sizimapweteketsa, uku ndikumakhala kusiyanasiyana kwakukulu pamatenda ena akhungu, popeza munthuyo samamvanso kusiyana kwa kutentha ndi kukakamira pamalo abala, ndipo atha kuvulala kwambiri , osazindikira.

Mawanga pakhungu ndikutaya chidwi kumachitika chifukwa cha kutupa kwa mitsempha m'derali, ndipo zizindikilo zina zitha kuwoneka, monga:

• Kutupa kwa dera;
• Kutaya mphamvu m'minyewa yomwe imakhudzidwa ndimitsempha iyi, makamaka m'maso, mikono ndi miyendo.
• Kutaya thukuta;
• Khungu louma;
• Kutayika kwachisoni ndi dzanzi;
• Zovulala ndi mabala pamapazi a mapazi;
• Kuvulala pamphuno;
• Kuwonongeka kwa diso kumatha kuyambitsa khungu;
• Kufa kwa mikono kapena miyendo;
• Mphamvu ndi kusabereka, chifukwa matendawa amatha kuchepetsa kuchuluka kwa testosterone komanso kuchuluka kwa umuna wopangidwa ndi machende.

Kuphatikiza apo, malingana ndi kuchuluka kwa mawanga, khate lingathe kugawidwa mu:

• Khate kapena khate la paucibacillary, momwe zilonda zapakati pa 1 ndi 5 zimawonedwa, zomwe zimatha kukhala ndi m'mbali bwino kapena m'mbali yosagwira ndikugwira nawo mpaka mitsempha 1;
• Khate kapena khate la multibacillary, momwe zilonda zopitilira 5 zimawonedwa ndi m'mbali bwino kapena mopanda tanthauzo komanso kutengapo gawo kwa 2 kapena misempha yambiri, kuphatikiza pakukhala kovuta kusiyanitsa khungu labwinobwino ndi khungu ndi kuvulala, nthawi zina.

Zizindikiro za khate zimatha kutenga zaka kuti ziwonekere kutengera momwe chitetezo chamthupi chimayankhira, komanso nthawi yomwe bakiteriya amalumikiza, ndiye kuti, nthawi yomwe amatenga wothandizirayo kupangitsa zizindikilo za matendawa, zimasiyana kuyambira miyezi 6 mpaka zaka zisanu.

Momwe mungatsimikizire ngati ndi khate

Matenda akhate amapangidwa poyang'ana mawanga pakhungu ndi zizindikilo za munthuyo. Nthawi zambiri, kuyezetsa magazi kumachitika m'derali, kuphatikiza pakuwona ngati pali vuto lililonse m'maso, manja, mapazi ndi nkhope, chifukwa zimatha kuchitika chifukwa chakukula kwa khungu m'mitundu ina ya khate, makamaka pankhani ya chithandizo. sizinachitike molondola.

Kuphatikiza apo, kupukuta pang'ono kumatha kuchitidwa pa mabalawo ndikutumizidwa ku labotale kuti akawunikenso kuti adziwe mabakiteriya omwe amayambitsa khate.

Momwe kufalitsa kumachitikira

Khate ndi matenda opatsirana kwambiri, omwe amatha kufalikira kuchokera kwa munthu wina kudzera mwa kukhudzana ndi zotupa za kupuma kwa munthu yemwe ali ndi kachilomboka. Chifukwa chake, tikulimbikitsidwa kuti munthu wakhate asamayankhule, kupsompsonana, kutsokomola kapena kuyetsemela pafupi kwambiri ndi anthu ena, mpaka atayamba mankhwala.

Munthuyo atha kutenga kachilombo ka khate ndipo amangowonekera patadutsa zaka zambiri. Kulumikizana kudzera pakukhudza kwa wodwalayo sikuyimira chiopsezo chotenga kachilombo ndipo pafupifupi 90% ya anthu ali ndi chitetezo chachilengedwe motsutsana ndi matendawa, chifukwa chake momwe matendawa amawonedweranso zimadalira chibadwa cha munthu aliyense.

Momwe mankhwalawa amachitikira

Chithandizo cha khate chimachitika pogwiritsa ntchito maantibayotiki, omwe amayenera kuyambitsidwa akangoyamba kuwonekera ndikuwasamalira kwa miyezi ingapo. Chifukwa chake, chithandizochi chizikhala choyenera nthawi zonse, chifukwa chake ndikofunikira kuti mupite kuchipatala kapena kuchipatala, nthawi zambiri kamodzi pamwezi, kapena malinga ndi malangizo a dokotala, kuti athe kuwunika momwe mankhwalawo angawunikire. pakufunika kusintha mlingo.

Maantibayotiki amatha kuyimitsa khate ndikuthana kwathunthu ndi matendawa, koma kuti mankhwala athe, chithandizo chitha kupitilizidwa kwa nthawi yayitali, kuyambira miyezi isanu ndi umodzi mpaka zaka ziwiri, chifukwa kuthetseratu kachilombo koyambitsa khate kameneka zingakhale zovuta kuzikwaniritsa.

Nthawi zina, zovuta ndi zopunduka zimatha kuchitika zomwe zitha kubweretsa zovuta kugwira ntchito, kuwononga moyo wamagulu, motero, kukhudza malingaliro amunthuyo.

Chithandizochi chimathera pomwe mankhwala akupezeka, zomwe zimachitika nthawi zambiri munthu akamamwa kangapo kakang'ono kawiri mankhwala omwe adalangizidwa ndi dokotala. Komabe, pazochitika zowopsa kwambiri, pakakhala zovuta chifukwa cha mawonekedwe, zolimbitsa thupi komanso / kapena opaleshoni zitha kukhala zofunikira. Onani zambiri zamankhwala ochiritsa khate.

Momwe mungachiritse khate mukakhala ndi pakati

Pamene kutenga mimba kumachepetsa chitetezo chamthupi cha amayi, nthawi zina nthawi yapakati pamakhala zizindikiro zoyambirira za khate. Chithandizo cha khate ali ndi pakati
itha kuchitidwa ndi maantibayotiki omwewo, chifukwa samapweteketsa mwana, ndipo amathanso kugwiritsidwa ntchito poyamwitsa. Mwana wakhanda amatha kukhala ndi khungu lakuda pang'ono m'masiku oyamba amoyo, koma khungu limayamba kuwoneka bwino.