Buku Lathunthu la Khansa ya m'magazi

Zamkati

• Mitundu ya khansa ya m'magazi
• Zizindikiro za khansa ya m'magazi
• Matenda a khansa ya m'magazi
• Mankhwala a khansa ya m'magazi
• Chemotherapy
• Chitetezo chamatenda
• Mankhwala opatsirana
• Kuika mafuta m'mafupa
• Kodi leukemia ingathe kuchiza?
• Zomwe zimayambitsa leukemia

Khansa ya m'magazi ndi mtundu wa khansa yomwe imakhudza maselo oyera, omwe amadziwika kuti leukocyte, omwe ndi maselo oteteza thupi. Matendawa amayamba m'mafupa, omwe amakhala mkatikati mwa mafupa, omwe amadziwika kuti 'mafupa am'mafupa' ndipo amafalikira mthupi lonse kudzera m'magazi, kuteteza kapena kulepheretsa kupanga maselo ofiira, ma platelets ndi maselo oyera, komanso chifukwa a kusowa kwa magazi, matenda ndi kukha magazi kumatuluka.

Khansa ya m'magazi ndi matenda oopsa omwe amafunika chithandizo, omwe amatha kuchitika ndi chemotherapy, radiation radiation kapena kupatsira mafuta m'mafupa. Chithandizo cha mankhwala chimasiyanasiyana kutengera mtundu wa leukemia womwe munthuyo ali nawo komanso kuuma kwake, komwe kumatsimikiziranso ngati munthuyo akhoza kuchiritsidwa kapena ayi.

Mitundu ya khansa ya m'magazi

Pali mitundu iwiri yayikulu ya khansa ya m'magazi, Lymphoid ndi Myeloid, yomwe imatha kudziwika kuti Acute kapena Chronic, koma pali mitundu ina ingapo, monga tawonetsera pansipa:

• Khansa ya m'magazi Yamphamvu: Amakula msanga ndipo amathanso kukhudza akulu kapena ana. Chithandizo chitha kuchitika kudzera mu chemotherapy komanso / kapena kupatsira mafuta m'mafupa ndipo ali ndi mwayi wa 80% wochiritsidwa.
• Matenda a myeloid khansa: Amayamba pang'onopang'ono ndipo amapezeka pafupipafupi kwa akulu. Chithandizo chitha kugwiritsidwa ntchito ndi mankhwala enaake amoyo wonse.
• Khansa ya m'magazi ya lymphoid: Imapita patsogolo mwachangu ndipo imatha kuchitika kwa ana kapena akulu. Chithandizo chitha kuchitidwa ndi radiotherapy ndi chemotherapy, koma kupatsira mafupa am'mafupa ndichinthu chosankhika ngati mankhwala am'mbuyomu alephera kuchiza matendawa.
• Matenda a m'magazi a Lymphoid: Amakula pang'onopang'ono ndipo amakhudza okalamba pafupipafupi. Chithandizo sichofunikira nthawi zonse.
• T kapena NK granular lymphocytic leukemia: Mtundu wa khansa ya m'magazi ikukula pang'onopang'ono, koma ochepa amatha kukhala achiwawa komanso ovuta kuchiza.
• Wankhanza NK cell khansa ya m'magazi: Itha kuyambitsidwa ndi kachilombo ka Epstein-Barr, imakhudza achinyamata komanso achikulire, kukhala achiwawa. Chithandizo chimachitika ndi chemotherapy.
• Khansa ya m'magazi ya achikulire: Amayambitsidwa ndi kachilomboka (HTLV-1), retrovirus yofanana ndi HIV, ndipo ndiwopsa kwambiri. Mankhwalawa siothandiza koma amachitika ndi chemotherapy komanso kupatsira mafuta m'mafupa.
• Khansa ya m'magazi Ndi mtundu wa khansa ya m'magazi ya lymphocytic, yomwe imakhudza maselo omwe amawoneka kuti ali ndi tsitsi, imakhudza amuna kwambiri, osapezeka mwa ana.

Mtundu wa khansa ya m'magazi yomwe munthuyo ali nayo imadziwika kudzera m'mayeso enaake, chifukwa ndikofunikira kudziwa kuti ndi mankhwala ati omwe ndi abwino kwambiri.

Zizindikiro za khansa ya m'magazi

Zizindikiro zoyambirira za khansa ya m'magazi ndi kutentha thupi kwambiri kutsatiridwa ndi kuzizira, thukuta usiku ndi kuwonda popanda chifukwa, kenako zizindikilo zina zitha kuwoneka, monga:

• Malilime otupa m'khosi, kukhwapa komanso kuseli fupa la chigongono, komwe kumatchedwa elbow fossa, chomwe ndi chimodzi mwazomwe zimadziwika ndi matendawa;
• Kukulitsa kwa ndulu yomwe imayambitsa kupweteka kumtunda wakumanzere kumimba;
• Kuchepa kwa magazi komwe kumatulutsa zizindikilo monga kutopa, kupindika komanso kusinza;
• Magazi otsika m'magazi;
• Matenda, monga oral candidiasis, ndi m'mimba (thrush) kapena chibayo chachilendo;
• Kupweteka kwa mafupa ndi mafupa;
• Thukuta usiku;
• Mawanga ofiira pakhungu;
• Kupweteka kwa mafupa ndi mafupa;
• Kutuluka magazi mosavuta m'mphuno, m'kamwa, kapena kutuluka magazi kwambiri popanda chifukwa.
• Mutu, nseru, kusanza, masomphenya awiri ndi chisokonezo zimachitika pomwe dongosolo lamanjenje limakhudzidwa.

Zizindikirozi ndizofala kwambiri mu khansa ya m'magazi yayikulu, chifukwa khansa ya m'magazi yayikulu imayamba pang'onopang'ono, itha kupezeka mosadziwika pakuwunika koyenera monga kuwerengera kwathunthu kwa magazi, mwachitsanzo.

Matenda a khansa ya m'magazi

Matendawa amapangidwa ndi a hematologist kapena oncologist atawona zizindikilo zina ndi zotsatira za mayeso monga kuchuluka kwa magazi, myelogram, computed tomography, magnetic resonance komanso makamaka, mafupa. Nthawi zina, pangafunike kukhala ndi mayeso a CSF, otchedwa lumbar puncture, kuti awone zamadzimadzi zomwe zimayambira dongosolo lamanjenje.

Mankhwala a khansa ya m'magazi

Khansa ya m'magazi ingathe kuthandizidwa ndi izi: chemotherapy, immunotherapy, radiotherapy, kumuika mafupa kapena kuphatikiza mankhwala osiyanasiyana, kutengera mtundu wa leukemia womwe munthuyo ali nawo, komanso momwe matendawa alili.

Pankhani ya khansa ya m'magazi, mankhwalawa ayenera kuyambitsidwa mwachangu kuthana ndi zizolowezi komanso kupewa matendawa. Matenda ambiri amatha kuchira kwathunthu, ndi chithandizo chomwe dokotala akuwonetsa. Pankhani ya khansa ya m'magazi yayitali, matendawa sangakhale ndi zisonyezo, koma sangachiritsidwe, ngakhale munthuyo atha kulandira chithandizo cha 'kusamalira' kuti ateteze kuyambika kwa zizolowezi pamoyo wake ndikuwongolera khansa yamtunduwu.

Chemotherapy

Chemotherapy imakhala ndi kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala enaake a khansa, omwe amatha kubayidwa mumitsempha nthawi yachipatala. Mankhwalawa amachitika mozungulira, chifukwa amachitidwa kamodzi pa sabata, ndi mankhwala amodzi okha, kapena kuphatikiza 2 kapena 3. Nthawi zina, magawo amatha kuchitidwa pakadutsa milungu kapena miyezi.

Chitetezo chamatenda

Immunotherapy ndi mankhwala ofanana ndi chemotherapy, chifukwa amaphatikizapo kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala molunjika mumtsempha, koma mankhwalawa amagwira ntchito mosiyana, ndipo ndi ma anti-monoclonal antibodies, omwe ndi zinthu zomwe zimamangiriza m'maselo
carcinogens, kulola chitetezo chamthupi kuti chithetse zotupa m'mwazi ndi m'mafupa.

Mankhwala opatsirana

Zimakhala ndi kugwiritsa ntchito radiation kwa ndulu, ubongo kapena ziwalo zina za thupi, nthawi zina zimatha kulozeredwa ku thupi lonse, monga zimachitikira kusakaniza mafupa, mwachitsanzo.

Kuika mafuta m'mafupa

Kuika mafuta m'mafupa kumaphatikizapo kuchotsa gawo limodzi la mafupa m'chiuno la munthu wathanzi lomwe limagwirizana ndi wodwalayo, ndipo awa amakhala oundana mpaka atha kugwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi yoyenera. Nthawi yabwino yoyika mafuta m'mafupa amasankhidwa ndi dokotala, ndipo zimatha kuchitika atamaliza chemo ndi radiotherapy. Cholinga ndikutenga malo am'magazi oyipa ndikubwerera ndikupanga maselo athanzi lamagazi.

Kodi leukemia ingathe kuchiza?

Nthawi zina, khansa ya m'magazi imatha kuchiritsidwa, makamaka ikapezeka msanga ndipo mankhwala amayambitsidwa mwachangu, komabe pali zina zomwe thupi la munthu limakhala lofooka kwambiri kotero kuti mankhwalawa samatheka. Kuika mafuta m'mafupa kumatha kuimira mankhwala a khansa ya m'magazi kwa ena, koma kumakhala ndi zovuta ndipo chifukwa chake sizomwe madokotala amachita kwa anthu onse okhudzidwa.

Pakadali pano, odwala ena omwe ali ndi khansa ya m'magazi amatha kukhululukidwa kwathunthu kwa matendawa ndipo amakhala zaka zambiri, ndipo ana ambiri omwe ali ndi leukemia ya pachimake amachiritsidwa. Chofunika ndikulankhula ndi dokotala yemwe akuwunika nkhaniyi kuti adziwe zomwe angatsate potsatira chithandizochi komanso zomwe zingayembekezeredwe.

Zomwe zimayambitsa leukemia

Zomwe zimayambitsa leukemia sizidziwika bwino koma chomwe chimadziwika ndikuti zina mwazomwe zimayambitsa matenda zimathandizira kukulitsa matendawa. Khansa ya m'magazi siyotengera kubadwa nayo ndipo siyidutsa kuchokera kwa bambo kupita kwa mwana, komanso siyopatsirana motero siyimapatsira anthu ena. Zina mwazinthu zomwe zingayambitse khansa ya m'magazi ndi zomwe zimachitika chifukwa cha radiation, kupezeka kwa mankhwala osokoneza bongo, kuphatikiza kusuta, zinthu zoteteza mthupi ndi mitundu ina ya ma virus.