Zoona Zokhudza HIV: Chiyembekezo cha Moyo ndi Chiyembekezo cha Nthawi Yaitali

Zamkati

• Ndi anthu angati omwe akhudzidwa ndi kachilombo ka HIV?
• Kodi chithandizo chasintha bwanji?
• Kodi kachilombo ka HIV kamakhudza bwanji munthu nthawi yayitali?
• Kodi pali zovuta zazitali?
• Kupititsa patsogolo chiyembekezo chakanthawi
• Mfundo yofunika

Chidule

Maganizo a anthu omwe ali ndi kachilombo ka HIV asintha kwambiri pazaka makumi awiri zapitazi. Anthu ambiri omwe ali ndi kachilombo ka HIV atha kukhala ndi moyo wautali, wathanzi akamamwa mankhwala ochepetsa mphamvu ya kachilombo ka HIV.

Ofufuza a Kaiser Permanente adapeza kuti zaka zakukhala kwa anthu omwe ali ndi kachilombo ka HIV ndikulandila chithandizo zakula kwambiri kuyambira 1996 mpaka. Kuyambira chaka chimenecho, mankhwala atsopano ochepetsa mphamvu ya kachilombo ka HIV apangidwa ndikuwonjezeredwa ku mankhwala omwe alipo kale. Izi zadzetsa njira yothandiza kwambiri yothandizira kachilombo ka HIV.

Mu 1996, zaka zonse za moyo wa munthu wazaka 20 wokhala ndi HIV zinali zaka 39. Mu 2011, zaka zonse zakukhala ndi moyo zidakwanira zaka 70.

Kuchuluka kwa anthu omwe ali ndi HIV kwathandizanso kwambiri kuyambira masiku oyamba a mliri wa HIV. Mwachitsanzo, ofufuza amene anafufuza za kufa kwa anthu amene anachita nawo kafukufuku wina amene anachitika pakati pa anthu a ku Switzerland amene anali ndi kachilombo ka HIV anapeza kuti 78 peresenti ya anthu amene anafa pakati pa 1988 ndi 1995 anachitika chifukwa cha matenda a Edzi. Pakati pa 2005 ndi 2009, chiwerengerocho chidatsikira mpaka 15%.

Ndi anthu angati omwe akhudzidwa ndi kachilombo ka HIV?

Anthu aku U.S. akuti ali ndi kachilombo ka HIV, koma ochepa amatenga kachilomboka chaka chilichonse. Izi zitha kukhala chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa mayeso komanso kupita patsogolo kwa chithandizo chamankhwala. Kuchiza mankhwala ochepetsa mphamvu ya kachilombo ka HIV nthawi zonse kumachepetsa HIV m'magazi mpaka kufika posazindikirika. Malinga ndi a, munthu yemwe ali ndi milingo yosadziwika ya HIV m'magazi ake sangathe kupatsirana mnzake panthawi yogonana.

Pakati pa 2010 ndi 2014, kuchuluka kwapachaka kwa kachilombo ka HIV ku United States kunatsika.

Kodi chithandizo chasintha bwanji?

Mankhwala ochepetsa mphamvu ya kachirombo ka HIV angathandize kuchepetsa mavuto amene amabwera chifukwa cha kachirombo ka HIV komanso kuti asatengeke kukhala gawo lachitatu la HIV, kapena Edzi.

Wopereka chithandizo chamankhwala amalangiza kuti amwe mankhwala ochepetsa mphamvu ya kachilombo ka HIV. Mankhwalawa amafunika kumwa mankhwala ochepetsa mphamvu ya kachilombo ka HIV katatu kapena kuposa tsiku lililonse. Kuphatikizaku kumathandizira kupeputsa kuchuluka kwa kachirombo ka HIV mthupi (kuchuluka kwa ma virus). Mapiritsi omwe amaphatikiza mankhwala angapo amapezeka.

Magulu osiyanasiyana a ma ARV ndi awa:

• non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors
• nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors
• protease inhibitors
• zoletsa kulowa
• integrase zoletsa

Kuponderezedwa kwa ma virus kumathandiza anthu omwe ali ndi HIV kukhala ndi moyo wathanzi ndikuchepetsa mwayi wawo wokhala ndi gawo lachitatu la HIV. Phindu lina la kuchuluka kwa ma virus ndiloti limathandiza kuchepetsa kufala kwa HIV.

Kafukufuku wa 2014 European PARTNER adapeza kuti chiopsezo chotenga kachilombo ka HIV ndi chochepa kwambiri ngati munthu ali ndi katundu wosaoneka. Izi zikutanthauza kuti kuchuluka kwa ma virus ndikotsika makope 50 pa mamililita (mL).

Kupeza kumeneku kwadzetsa njira yopewera kachilombo ka HIV yotchedwa "chithandizo chothandizira kupewa." Zimalimbikitsa chithandizo chokhazikika komanso chokhazikika ngati njira yochepetsera kufalikira kwa kachilomboka.

Chithandizo cha kachilombo ka HIV chasintha kwambiri kuyambira pomwe mliri udayambika, ndipo kupita patsogolo kukupitilira. Malipoti oyambilira ochokera kumayesero azachipatala ku United Kingdom komanso kafukufuku wofalitsidwa kuchokera ku United States adawonetsa zotsatira zabwino pazithandizo zoyeserera za HIV zomwe zitha kuyambitsa kachilomboka kukhululukiranso ndikulimbikitsa chitetezo cha mthupi.

Kafukufuku waku U.S. adachitidwa pa anyani omwe ali ndi kachilombo koyambitsa matendawa ka HIV, kotero sizikudziwika ngati anthu angaone zabwino zomwezi. Ponena za kuyesa kwa UK, omwe adatenga nawo gawo sawonetsa zisonyezo za HIV m'magazi awo. Komabe, ofufuza adachenjeza kuti pali kuthekera kwakuti kachilomboka kabwererenso, ndipo kafukufukuyu sanamalizidwe.

Jekeseni wamwezi uliwonse ukuyembekezeka kugulitsidwa m'misika koyambirira kwa 2020 pambuyo powonetsa zotsatira zabwino m'mayesero azachipatala. Jakisoniyu amaphatikiza mankhwala cabotegravir ndi rilpivirine (Edurant). Pankhani yopondereza kachilombo ka HIV, jekeseniyo imatsimikiziridwa kuti ndi yothandiza monga njira yokhazikika ya mankhwala akumwa tsiku lililonse.

Kodi kachilombo ka HIV kamakhudza bwanji munthu nthawi yayitali?

Ngakhale malingaliro awoneka bwino kwambiri kwa iwo omwe ali ndi kachilombo ka HIV, palinso zotsatira zina zazitali zomwe angakumane nazo.

Nthawi ikamapita, anthu omwe ali ndi kachilombo ka HIV amayamba kukhala ndi zovuta zina za mankhwala kapena kachilombo ka HIV.

Izi zingaphatikizepo:

• kufulumira kukalamba
• kuwonongeka kwazidziwitso
• zovuta zokhudzana ndi kutupa
• zotsatira pamilingo yamadzimadzi
• khansa

Thupi limasinthanso momwe limapangira shuga ndi mafuta. Izi zitha kupangitsa kuti mukhale ndi mafuta ambiri m'malo ena amthupi, omwe amatha kusintha mawonekedwe amthupi. Komabe, zizindikilo izi ndizofala kwambiri ndimankhwala akale a HIV. Mankhwala atsopano ali ndi zochepa kwambiri, ngati zilipo, pazizindikiro zokhudzana ndi mawonekedwe.

Ngati munthu sakuchitiridwa bwino kapena ngati sanalandire chithandizo, kachirombo ka HIV kakhoza kukhala gawo lachitatu la HIV, kapena Edzi.

Munthu amakhala ndi kachilombo ka HIV pamene gawo lake la chitetezo cha mthupi lili lofooka kwambiri kuti angateteze thupi lake kumatenda. Wopereka chithandizo chamankhwala atha kuzindikira kuti ali ndi kachilombo koyambitsa matenda a Edzi ngati kuchuluka kwa ma cell oyera (CD4 cell) mumthupi la munthu yemwe ali ndi kachilombo ka HIV kutsikira pansi pamaselo 200 pa ml ya magazi.

Kutalika kwa moyo ndikosiyana kwa munthu aliyense wokhala ndi gawo lachitatu la HIV. Anthu ena amatha kufa mkati mwa miyezi ingapo atapezeka, koma ambiri atha kukhala ndi moyo wathanzi ndi mankhwala ochepetsa mphamvu ya kachilombo ka HIV.

Kodi pali zovuta zazitali?

Popita nthawi, HIV imatha kupha ma cell amthupi. Izi zitha kupangitsa kuti thupi lizitha kulimbana ndi matenda opatsirana. Matenda opatsiranawa atha kukhala owopsa chifukwa amatha kuwononga chitetezo cha mthupi atafooka kale.

Ngati munthu yemwe ali ndi kachilombo ka HIV atenga kachilombo kosavuta, adzapezeka ndi HIV / AIDS.

Matenda ena opindulitsa ndi monga:

• chifuwa chachikulu
• chibayo chosatha
• salmonella
• matenda aubongo ndi msana
• matenda osiyanasiyana am'mapapo
• matenda opatsirana m'mimba
• kachilombo ka herpes simplex
• mafangasi matenda
• matenda a cytomegalovirus

Matenda omwe ali ndi mwayi, makamaka, amakhalabe chifukwa chachikulu chakufa kwa anthu omwe ali ndi gawo lachitatu la HIV. Njira yabwino yopewera matenda opatsirana ndikutsatira chithandizo chamankhwala ndikupimidwa pafupipafupi. Ndikofunikanso kugwiritsa ntchito kondomu nthawi yogonana, katemera, komanso kudya zakudya zokonzedwa bwino.

Kupititsa patsogolo chiyembekezo chakanthawi

HIV imatha kuwononga chitetezo cha mthupi mwachangu ndikuwatsogolera ku gawo lachitatu la HIV, chifukwa chake kulandira chithandizo munthawi yake kumathandizira kuti moyo ukhale wazaka zambiri. Anthu omwe ali ndi kachilombo ka HIV ayenera kuyendera omwe amawapatsa chithandizo chamankhwala pafupipafupi ndikuchiza matenda ena akamayamba.

Kuyamba ndi kupitiriza kumwa mankhwala ochepetsa mphamvu ya kachilombo ka HIV mutangodziwa kumene ndikofunikira kuti mukhalebe athanzi ndikupewa zovuta komanso kupitilira gawo lachitatu la HIV.

Mfundo yofunika

Kuyesedwa kwatsopano, chithandizo chamankhwala, komanso kupita patsogolo kwamatekinoloje a HIV kwasintha kwambiri zomwe kale zinali zoyipa. Zaka makumi atatu zapitazo, kupezeka ndi kachilombo ka HIV kunkaonedwa ngati chilango cha imfa. Masiku ano, anthu omwe ali ndi kachilombo ka HIV akhoza kukhala ndi moyo wautali komanso wathanzi.

Ichi ndichifukwa chake kuwunika kachilombo ka HIV ndikofunikira. Kuzindikira msanga komanso kulandira chithandizo munthawi yake ndizofunikira kwambiri pakuwongolera kachilomboka, kuwonjezera zaka za moyo, ndikuchepetsa chiopsezo chotenga kachiromboka. Omwe sanalandire chithandizo atha kukumana ndi mavuto kuchokera ku HIV omwe angayambitse matenda ndi imfa.