Mlembi: Peter Berry
Tsiku La Chilengedwe: 11 Kulayi 2021
Sinthani Tsiku: 1 Novembala 2024
Anonim
Inez - Menak Wla Meni  ‘Mashup ‘
Kanema: Inez - Menak Wla Meni ‘Mashup ‘

Zamkati

Chidule

Meningitis ndi kutupa kwa mamina atatu (meninges) omwe amafika muubongo ndi msana.

Ngakhale kuti meningitis imatha kukhudza anthu azaka zilizonse, ana ochepera zaka ziwiri ali pachiwopsezo chachikulu chotenga meninjaitisi. Mwana wanu amatha kutenga meningitis pamene mabakiteriya, mavairasi, kapena bowa zomwe zimafalitsa gawo lina la thupi lawo zimayenda m'magazi kupita kuubongo ndi msana wawo.

Mwa obadwa amoyo 1,000, pafupifupi 0.1 mpaka 0.4 akhanda (akhanda masiku ochepera 28) amatenga meningitis, akuti kuwunika kwa 2017. Ndi vuto lalikulu, koma 90 peresenti ya ana awa amapulumuka. Phunziro lomweli limanenanso kulikonse kuyambira 20 mpaka 50% ya iwo amakhala ndi zovuta kwakanthawi, monga zovuta kuphunzira komanso mavuto amaso.

Zakhala zachilendo nthawi zonse, koma kugwiritsa ntchito katemera motsutsana ndi meningitis ya bakiteriya kwachepetsa kwambiri kuchuluka kwa ana omwe akuwapeza.

Asanatuluke katemera wa pneumococcal, adadwala pneumococcal meningitis, lipoti la Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). Kuchokera mu 2002 mpaka 2007, pomwe katemerayu amagwiritsidwa ntchito pafupipafupi, pafupifupi ana 8 mwa ana 100,000 aliwonse azaka 1 mpaka 23 omwe adalandira mtundu uliwonse wa bacterial meningitis, akuti nkhani ya 2011.


Zizindikiro za meninjaitisi mu makanda

Zizindikiro za meningitis zimatha kubwera mwachangu kwambiri. Mwana wanu akhoza kukhala wovuta kumutonthoza, makamaka pamene akusungidwa. Zizindikiro zina mwa mwana zingaphatikizepo:

  • kukhala ndi malungo mwadzidzidzi
  • osadya bwino
  • kusanza
  • wosakhala wotakataka kapena wamphamvu kuposa masiku onse
  • kukhala wogona kwambiri kapena wovuta kudzuka
  • kukhala wokwiya kwambiri kuposa masiku onse
  • kukulira kwa malo ofewa pamutu pawo (fontanel)

Zizindikiro zina zingakhale zovuta kuziwona mwa mwana, monga:

  • mutu wopweteka kwambiri
  • kuuma khosi
  • kutengeka ndi kuwala kowala

Nthawi zina, mwana amatha kugwa. Nthawi zambiri izi zimachitika chifukwa cha malungo akulu osati meninjaitisi yomwe.

Zimayambitsa meninjaitisi mu makanda

Mabakiteriya, mavairasi, kapena bowa zimatha kuyambitsa matenda am'mimba mwa mwana.

Matenda a m'mimba ndi omwe amachititsa kuti matendawa asokonezeke. Chiyambireni kupangidwa kwa katemera wopewera bakiteriya meningitis, mtundu uwu wa meningitis watha kuzolowereka. Fungal meningitis ndi osowa.


Matenda a m'mimba

Matenda a meningitis nthawi zambiri samakhala owopsa ngati bakiteriya kapena fungal meningitis, koma ma virus ena amayambitsa matenda akulu. Ma virus wamba omwe nthawi zambiri amayambitsa matenda ofatsa ndi awa:

  • Makina osagwira poliyo. Mavairasiwa amayambitsa matenda a meningitis ku United States. Amayambitsa matenda osiyanasiyana, kuphatikizapo chimfine. Anthu ambiri amawatenga, koma ndi ochepa omwe amatenga matenda a meningitis. Mavairasi amafalikira mwana wanu akakumana ndi chopondapo kapena kachilombo kamene kamamwa.
  • Fuluwenza. Vutoli limayambitsa chimfine. Imafalikira kudzera pakukhudzana ndi zinsinsi kuchokera m'mapapu kapena mkamwa mwa munthu yemwe ali ndi matendawa.
  • Minyewa ndi mavairasi. Meningitis ndi vuto losowa la ma virus opatsiranawa. Zimafalikira mosavuta kudzera pakukhudzana ndi zikopa za kachilombo kuchokera m'mapapu ndi pakamwa.

Mavairasi omwe angayambitse matenda oumitsa khosi kwambiri ndi awa:

  • Varicella. Vutoli limayambitsa nkhuku. Zimafalikira mosavuta ndikamakhudzana ndi munthu yemwe ali ndi kachilomboka.
  • Vuto la Herpes simplex. Mwana nthawi zambiri amatenga kuchokera kwa mayi ake m'mimba kapena panthawi yobadwa.
  • Kachilombo ka West Nile. Izi zimafalikira ndi kulumidwa ndi udzudzu.

Ana ochepera zaka 5, kuphatikiza makanda, ali pachiwopsezo chachikulu chotenga matenda a meningitis. Ana omwe ali pakati pa kubadwa ndi mwezi umodzi amatha kukhala ndi kachilombo koyambitsa matendawa.


Matenda a menititis

M'masiku 28 oyamba amoyo, bakiteriya meningitis nthawi zambiri amayamba chifukwa cha bakiteriya otchedwa:

  • Gulu B Mzere.Izi zimafalikira kuchokera kwa mayi kupita kwa mwana wake akabadwa.
  • Bacilli wopanda gram, monga Escherichia coli (E. coli) ndipo Klebsiella pneumoniae.E. coli amatha kufalitsa kudzera mu zakudya zakhudzana, chakudya chokonzedwa ndi munthu wina amene adasamba m'manja mwawo osasamba m'manja pambuyo pake, kapena kuchokera kwa mayi kupita kwa mwana pakubadwa.
  • Listeria monocytogenes.Ma Neonate nthawi zambiri amatenga izi kuchokera kwa amayi awo m'mimba. Nthawi zina mwana amatha kuchipeza panthawi yobereka. Mayi amachipeza mwa kudya zakudya zoyipa.

Kwa ana ochepera zaka 5, kuphatikiza ana azaka zopitilira mwezi umodzi, mabakiteriya omwe amayamba chifukwa cha meningitis ndi awa:

  • Streptococcus pneumoniae. Bakiteriya uyu amapezeka m'matope, mphuno, ndi mapapo. Imafalikira kudzera kupumira m'mlengalenga kuti munthu yemwe adayambirako adayetsemula kapena kutsokomola. Ndicho chifukwa chofala kwambiri cha bacterial meningitis m'makanda ochepera zaka ziwiri.
  • Neisseria meningitidis. Ichi ndi chifukwa chachiwiri chomwe chimayambitsa matenda a meningitis. Imafalikira kudzera pakukhudzana ndi zinsinsi kuchokera m'mapapu kapena mkamwa mwa munthu yemwe ali ndi matendawa. Makanda ochepera chaka chimodzi ali pachiwopsezo chachikulu chotenga izi.
  • Haemophilus influenzaelembani b (Hib). Izi zimafalikira ndikulumikizana ndi zinsinsi kuchokera mkamwa mwa munthu amene wonyamula. Onyamula mabakiteriya nthawi zambiri samadwala okha koma amatha kudwalitsa. Mwana ayenera kukhala woyandikana kwambiri ndionyamula kwa masiku angapo kuti amupeze. Ngakhale zili choncho, makanda ambiri amangokhala onyamula osadwala meningitis.

Fungal meninjaitisi

Fungal meningitis ndiyosowa kwambiri chifukwa nthawi zambiri imangokhudza anthu omwe ali ndi chitetezo chamthupi chofooka.

Mitundu yambiri ya bowa imatha kuyambitsa matenda a meningitis. Mitundu itatu ya bowa imakhala m'nthaka, ndipo mtundu umodzi umakhala mozungulira ndowe ndi ndowe za mbalame. Bowa umalowa m'thupi mwa kupumira.

Ana obadwa msanga omwe samalemera kwambiri amakhala ndi chiopsezo chachikulu chotenga matenda amwazi kuchokera kubowa wotchedwa Kandida. Mwana amatenga bowa uyu mchipatala akabadwa. Itha kupita kuubongo, ndikupangitsa meningitis.

Kuzindikira kwa meningitis m'mwana

Kuyesa kumatha kutsimikizira kuti matenda a meningitis ndi kudziwa chomwe chikuyambitsa. Mayeso ndi awa:

  • Zikhalidwe zamagazi. Magazi omwe amachotsedwa mumtsempha wa mwana wanu amafalikira pamapale apadera omwe mabakiteriya, mavairasi, kapena bowa amakula bwino. Ngati china chake chikukula, mwina ndiye chifukwa cha meninjaitisi.
  • Kuyesa magazi. Magazi ena omwe amachotsedwa adzafufuzidwa mu labu ngati pali zizindikiro za matenda.
  • Lumbar kuboola. Mayesowa amatchedwanso mpopi wamtsempha. Ena mwa madzimadzi ozungulira ubongo wa mwana wanu ndi msana wake amachotsedwa ndikuyesedwa. Imaikidwanso pa mbale zapadera kuti muwone ngati chilichonse chimakula.
  • Kujambula kwa CT. Dokotala wanu akhoza kutenga CT scan pamutu wa mwana wanu kuti awone ngati pali thumba la matenda, lotchedwa abscess.

Chithandizo cha meninjaitisi mu makanda

Chithandizo cha meninjaitisi chimadalira chifukwa. Ana omwe ali ndi mitundu ina ya matenda a m'matumbo amachira popanda chithandizo chilichonse.

Komabe, nthawi zonse tengani mwana wanu kwa dokotala posachedwa nthawi iliyonse yomwe mukuganiza kuti meningitis. Simungadziwe chomwe chikuyambitsa matendawa mpaka dokotala atakayezetsa chifukwa zizindikirozo ndizofanana ndi zina.

Ngati pakufunika, mankhwala ayenera kuyamba mwachangu kuti pakhale zotsatira zabwino.

Matenda a meningitis

Nthawi zambiri, matenda oumitsa khosi chifukwa cha mavairasi oyambitsa poliyo, fuluwenza, ndi matsagwidi ndi chikuku ndi wofatsa. Komabe, makanda achichepere ali pachiwopsezo chachikulu chokhala ndi matenda owopsa. Mwana amene ali naye amatha kupeza bwino pasanathe masiku 10 osafunikira chithandizo chilichonse.

Meningitis yoyambitsidwa ndi ma virus ena, monga varicella, herpes simplex, ndi kachilombo ka West Nile, imatha kukhala yayikulu. Izi zitha kutanthauza kuti mwana wanu amafunika kuti agonekedwe mchipatala ndikuchiritsidwa ndi mankhwala a ma virus (IV).

Matenda a menititis

Maantibayotiki amagwiritsidwa ntchito pochiza matendawa. Nthawi zambiri amaperekedwa kudzera mu IV. Mwana wanu ayenera kuti azikhala mchipatala.

Fungal meninjaitisi

Matenda a fungal amathandizidwa ndi mankhwala a IV antifungal. Mwana wanu amayenera kupeza chithandizo kuchipatala kwa mwezi umodzi kapena kupitilira apo. Izi ndichifukwa choti matenda a mafangasi ndi ovuta kuwachotsa.

Kupewa meninjaitisi mu makanda

Katemera amatha kuteteza mitundu yambiri, koma osati yonse, ngati ataperekedwa monga akuvomerezera. Palibe omwe ali ndi 100% ogwira ntchito, choncho ngakhale ana omwe ali ndi katemera amatha kudwala matendawa.

Dziwani kuti ngakhale pali "katemera wa meningitis," ndi mtundu umodzi wamatenda a meningitis otchedwa meningococcal meningitis. Amalangizidwa makamaka kwa ana okalamba komanso achinyamata ku United States. Sagwiritsidwe ntchito mwa makanda.

M'mayiko ena monga United Kingdom, makanda nthawi zambiri amalandira katemera wa meningitis.

Matenda a m'mimba

Katemera wolimbana ndi ma virus omwe angayambitse matenda a meningitis ndi awa:

  • Fuluwenza. Izi zimateteza ku meningitis yoyambitsidwa ndi kachilombo ka chimfine. Amapatsidwa chaka chilichonse kuyambira miyezi isanu ndi umodzi. Ngakhale ana aang'ono samalandira katemerayu, amapereka chitetezo pamene abale ndi ena omwe adzakhale pafupi ndi mwana wanu adzalandira katemera.
  • Varicella. Katemerayu amateteza ku nthomba. Yoyamba imaperekedwa mwana wanu ali ndi miyezi 12.
  • Chikuku, ntchintchi, rubella (MMR). Mwana wanu akadwala chikuku kapena ntchofu, zimatha kubweretsa matenda am'mimba. Katemerayu amateteza kumatenda amenewa. Mlingo woyamba umaperekedwa atakwanitsa miyezi 12.

Matenda a menititis

Katemera wopewera matenda omwe angayambitse bakiteriya meningitis mwa ana ndi awa:

  • Haemophilus influenzae Katemera wa mtundu wa b (Hib). Izi zimateteza ku H. fuluwenza mabakiteriya. M'mayiko otukuka, monga United States, katemerayu watha pafupifupi kuthana ndi matendawa. Katemerayu amateteza mwana ku matenda a meninjaitisi komanso kuti asakhale wonyamula. Kuchepetsa kuchuluka kwa zonyamula kumabweretsa ziweto zoteteza gulu. Izi zikutanthauza kuti ngakhale ana omwe sanalandire katemera amakhala ndi chitetezo chifukwa nthawi zambiri sangakumane ndi wonyamula. Mlingo woyamba umaperekedwa pakatha miyezi iwiri.
  • Katemera wa Pneumococcal (PCV13). Izi zimateteza ku meningitis chifukwa cha mitundu yambiri ya Streptococcus pneumoniae. Mlingo woyamba umaperekedwa pakatha miyezi iwiri.
  • Katemera wa Meningococcal. Katemerayu amateteza ku Neisseria meningitidis. Sizimaperekedwa mwachizolowezi mpaka zaka 11, pokhapokha ngati pali vuto ndi chitetezo cha mwana kapena akupita kumayiko komwe mabakiteriya amapezeka. Ngati ndi choncho, ndiye kuti amapatsidwa kuyambira miyezi iwiri.

Pamagulu a gulu B, maantibayotiki amatha kuperekedwa kwa mayi panthawi yobereka kuti athandize mwana kuti asamutenge.

Amayi oyembekezera ayenera kupewa tchizi wopangidwa ndi mkaka wosasamalidwa chifukwa ndi gwero lofala la Listeria. Izi zimathandiza kuti mayi asatengeke Listeria kenako ndikusamutsira kwa mwana wake.

Tsatirani njira zodzitetezera kuti mupewe matenda ndikuthandizira kuchepetsa chiopsezo chotenga meningitis kuchokera kubakiteriya kapena ma virus:

  • Sambani m'manja nthawi zambiri, makamaka musanagwire chakudya ndi pambuyo:
    • kugwiritsa ntchito bafa
    • kusintha thewera la mwana wako
    • kuphimba pakamwa panu kuti muyetse kapena kutsokomola
    • kuwomba mphuno yako
    • kusamalira munthu yemwe akhoza kupatsirana kapena amene ali ndi matenda
  • Gwiritsani ntchito njira yoyenera yosamba m'manja. Izi zikutanthauza kutsuka ndi sopo ndi madzi ofunda kwa masekondi osachepera 20. Onetsetsani kuti mwatsuka m'manja ndi pansi pa misomali yanu ndi mphete.
  • Phimbani pakamwa panu ndi mkati mwa chigongono kapena minofu nthawi iliyonse mukayetsemula kapena kutsokomola. Ngati mugwiritsa ntchito dzanja lanu kuphimba, sambani nthawi yomweyo.
  • Osagawana zinthu zomwe zimatha kunyamula malovu, monga mapesi, makapu, mbale, ndi ziwiya. Pewani kumpsompsona munthu amene akudwala.
  • Osakhudza pakamwa kapena pankhope ngati manja anu sanasambe.
  • Yeretsani pafupipafupi ndi kupha tizilombo toyambitsa matenda tomwe mumakonda kugwira, monga foni yanu, kiyibodi yamakompyuta, zida zakutali, zopinira zitseko, ndi zoseweretsa.

Fungal meninjaitisi

Palibe katemera wa fungal meningitis. Ana nthawi zambiri samakhala m'malo omwe mafangayi amakhala ambiri, motero sangatengeke ndi fungus meningitis.

Popeza nthawi zambiri amatengedwa mchipatala, kugwiritsa ntchito njira zodzitetezera kumateteza ku Kandida matenda, omwe angayambitse matenda a ubongo, m'mimba yolemera kwambiri asanakwane.

Zotsatira zazitali komanso malingaliro

Meningitis ndi matenda achilendo koma owopsa, owopsa moyo. Komabe, mwana nthawi zonse amachira kwathunthu akapezeka ndi kuchiritsidwa msanga.

Ngati mankhwala akuchedwa, mwana amatha kuchira, koma atha kusiyidwa ndi zovuta zina kapena zazitali, kuphatikizapo:

  • khungu
  • ugonthi
  • kugwidwa
  • madzimadzi ozungulira ubongo (hydrocephalus)
  • kuwonongeka kwa ubongo
  • zovuta kuphunzira

Akuti 85 mpaka 90% ya anthu (makanda ndi akulu) omwe ali ndi meningitis chifukwa cha mabakiteriya a meningococcal apulumuka. Pafupifupi 11 mpaka 19 peresenti imakhala ndi zotsatira zazitali.

Izi zitha kumveka zowopsa, koma kuyika mwanjira ina, pafupifupi 80 mpaka 90% ya anthu omwe amachira alibe zotsatira zanthawi yayitali. CDC ikuyerekeza kuti ali ndi meningitis chifukwa cha pneumococcus amapulumuka.

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