Myasthenia gravis: ndi chiyani, zizindikiro, kuzindikira ndi chithandizo

Zamkati

• Zizindikiro zotheka
• Momwe matendawa amapangidwira
• Zomwe zimayambitsa myasthenia gravis
• Momwe mankhwalawa amachitikira
• 1. Zithandizo
• 2. Plasmapheresis
• 3. Opaleshoni
• 4. Physiotherapy

Myasthenia gravis, kapena myasthenia gravis, ndimatenda amthupi omwe amachititsa kufooka kwa minofu pang'onopang'ono, kukhala ofala kwambiri mwa azimayi ndipo nthawi zambiri amayamba azaka zapakati pa 20 mpaka 40. Zizindikiro za myasthenia gravis zimatha kuyamba modzidzimutsa, koma nthawi zambiri zimayamba kuwonekera ndipo zimayamba kukulira.

Zomwe zimayambitsa myasthenia gravis ndizokhudzana ndi kusintha kwa chitetezo chamthupi komwe kumayambitsa ma antibodies kuti awononge zinthu zina zomwe ndizofunikira pakuwongolera minofu.

THE myasthenia gravis ilibe chithandizo chotsimikizika, koma chithandizo chomwe chimasinthidwa mulimonsemo, ndi mankhwala ndi ma physiotherapy, chingathandize kuti moyo ukhale wabwino.

Zizindikiro zotheka

Zizindikiro zoyambirira za myasthenia gravis ndi izi:

• Kufooka kwa khungu ndi zovuta kutsegula maso kapena kuphethira;
• Kufooka kwa minofu yamaso, komwe kumabweretsa strabismus ndikuwona kawiri;
• Kutopa kwambiri kwaminyewa mutatha kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi kapena kuyesetsa.

Matendawa akamakula, matenda amakula ndipo amaphatikizapo:

• Kufooka kwa minofu ya khosi yomwe imasiya mutu utapachikika kutsogolo kapena mbali;
• Zovuta kukwera masitepe, kukweza mikono, kulemba;
• Zovuta kuyankhula ndi kumeza chakudya;
• Kufooka kwa mikono ndi miyendo, komwe kumasiyana mosiyanasiyana pamaola kapena masiku.

M'magawo ovuta kwambiri, pakhoza kukhala kuwonongeka kwa minofu ya kupuma, vuto lotchedwa myasthenic vuto, lomwe ndi lalikulu ndipo limatha kubweretsa imfa ngati sichichiritsidwa mwachangu kuchipatala.

Zizindikiro nthawi zambiri zimawonjezeka ndikubwerezabwereza kwa minofu yomwe yakhudzidwa, koma itha kuchitika mukakhala kuti mukutenthedwa, mukapanikizika kapena mukakhala ndi nkhawa, kapena mukamagwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo kapena maantibayotiki.

Momwe matendawa amapangidwira

Nthawi zambiri dokotala amakayikira za matenda a myasthenia graviskudzera pakuwunika kwa zizindikilo, kuwunika mthupi komanso kuphunzira zaumoyo wa munthu.

Komabe, mayeso angapo atha kugwiritsidwa ntchito kuwunikira mavuto ena ndikutsimikizira myasthenia gravis. Zina mwa mayeserowa ndi monga electroneuromyography, imaging resonance imaging, computed tomography komanso kuyesa magazi.

Zomwe zimayambitsa myasthenia gravis

THE myasthenia gravis Zimayambitsidwa ndi kusintha kwa chitetezo cha mthupi komwe kumayambitsa ma antibodies ena kuti aukire zolandilira zomwe zimapezeka m'minyewa. Izi zikachitika, uthenga wamagetsi sungadutse molondola kuchokera ku ma neuron kupita ku ulusi waminyewa, chifukwa chake, minofu siyimalumikizana, kuwonetsa kufooka kwa myasthenia.

Momwe mankhwalawa amachitikira

Pali mitundu ingapo yamankhwala yomwe ingathandize kuti moyo wa munthu ukhale wabwino, kutengera zizindikiro zomwe zaperekedwa. Mitundu ina yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri ndi monga:

1. Zithandizo

Mankhwala ndi njira yogwiritsiridwa ntchito kwambiri, chifukwa, kuwonjezera pakugwira ntchito, ali ndi zotsatira zabwino. Mitundu yogwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri ndi iyi:

• Cholinesterase zoletsa, monga Pyridostigmine: kukonza njira yolimbikitsira magetsi pakati pa neuron ndi minofu, kukonza kupindika kwa minofu ndi mphamvu;
• Corticosteroids, monga Prednisone: amachepetsa mphamvu yoteteza chitetezo chamthupi, chifukwa chake, amatha kuchepetsa zizindikilo zingapo. Komabe, sizingagwiritsidwe ntchito kwa nthawi yayitali, chifukwa zimatha kukhala ndi zovuta zingapo;
• Odwala matenda opatsirana pogonana, monga Azathioprine kapena Ciclosporin: mankhwalawa amachepetsanso magwiridwe antchito amthupi, koma amagwiritsidwa ntchito pamavuto akulu, pomwe zizindikilo sizikusintha ndi mankhwala ena.

Kuphatikiza pa mankhwala am'kamwa, adotolo amalimbikitsanso kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala amitsempha, monga ma monoclonal antibodies, omwe amachepetsa kuchuluka kwa maselo oteteza m'thupi, kukonza zizindikilo za myasthenia gravis.

2. Plasmapheresis

Plasmapheresis ndi mankhwala, ofanana ndi dialysis, momwe magazi amachotsedwa mthupi ndikudutsa mumakina omwe amachotsa ma antibodies owonjezera omwe amawononga zolandilira zaminyewa, ndikuthandizira kudutsa kwa magetsi pakati pa ma neuron ndi ulusi wa minofu.

Ngakhale ndi mankhwala omwe amakhala ndi zotsatirapo zabwino, amakhalanso ndi mavuto ena azaumoyo monga kutuluka magazi, kupindika kwa minyewa komanso zovuta zina.

3. Opaleshoni

Kuchita opaleshoni ndi mankhwala osowa, koma kungakhale kofunikira ngati chotupa chikupezeka m'thupi la chitetezo cha mthupi chomwe chimapangitsa kupanga ma antibodies omwe amapanga myasthenia gravis.

4. Physiotherapy

Ma motor ndi kupuma kwa physiotherapy amawonetsedwanso pochiza myasthenia gravis kuti alimbitse minofu, kusintha mayendedwe osiyanasiyana, kupuma komanso kupewa matenda opumira.