Makanema 5 Omwe Amanena Zolondola: Zokumana Nawo za HIV ndi Edzi

Zamkati

• Kuzindikira koyambirira
• Zomwe munthu amakumana nazo pamavuto aboma
• Kuyang'ana m'mbuyo
• Gulu lotchuka kwambiri padziko lonse la AIDS
• Opulumuka kwanthawi yayitali akuwonetsa njira yakutsogolo

Momwe HIV ndi Edzi amafotokozedwera ndikufotokozedwa munyuzipepala zasintha kwambiri kwazaka zambiri zapitazi. Munali mu 1981 - zaka zosakwana 40 zapitazo - pomwe New York Times idasindikiza nkhani yomwe idadziwika kuti "khansa ya amuna okhaokha".

Lero, tili ndi chidziwitso chambiri chokhudza HIV ndi Edzi, komanso mankhwala othandiza. Ali panjira, opanga mafilimu adapanga zaluso ndipo adalemba zenizeni za miyoyo ya anthu komanso zokumana nazo ndi HIV ndi Edzi. Nkhani izi zachita zoposa kukhudza mitima ya anthu. Akulitsa kuzindikira ndikuwonetsa nkhope ya anthu ya mliriwu.

Zambiri mwa nkhanizi zimayang'ana makamaka pa miyoyo ya amuna kapena akazi okhaokha. Apa, ndikuwona mozama makanema asanu ndi zolembedwa zomwe zimafotokoza bwino zomwe zikuwonetsa zomwe amuna achimuna akukumana nawo mliriwu.

Kuzindikira koyambirira

Anthu opitilira 5,000 anali atamwalira ndi zovuta zokhudzana ndi Edzi ku United States panthawi yomwe "An Frost Early" idalengezedwa pa Novembala 11, 1985. Actor Rock Hudson adamwalira mwezi watha, atakhala munthu woyamba kutchuka pofotokoza za HIV nthawi yoyambirira chilimwe. HIV idadziwika kuti imayambitsa Edzi chaka chatha. Ndipo, kuyambira povomerezedwa koyambirira kwa 1985, kuyesa kwa kachilombo ka HIV kunayamba kudziwitsa anthu omwe ali ndi "amene" ndi omwe alibe.

Sewero lopangidwira TV linakopa omvera ambiri kuposa TV Lolemba Usiku. Idapambana mayankho atatu mwa 14 Emmy Award yomwe idalandira. Koma idataya madola theka miliyoni chifukwa otsatsa amalakalaka kuti athandizire kanema wonena za HIV-AIDS.

Mu "Frost Early," Aidan Quinn - atangoyamba kumene kuchita "Kufunafuna Susan Mwakhama" - akuwonetsa loya wodziwika ku Chicago a Michael Pierson, omwe ali ofunitsitsa kupanga mnzake pakampani yake. Alinso wofunitsitsa kubisa ubale wake ndi wokonda kukhala ndi moyo Peter (D.W. Moffett).

Kutsokomola komwe timamva koyamba pomwe Michael akukhala piyano yayikulu ya amayi ake ikuwonjezeka. Pomaliza, agwa pansi atagwira ntchito pakampani yamagetsi. Adalowa mchipatala kwa nthawi yoyamba.

“Edzi? Mukundiuza kuti ndili ndi Edzi? ” akuti Michael kwa dokotala wake, wosokonezeka komanso wokwiya atakhulupirira kuti adadziteteza. Monga anthu ambiri, sakumvetsetsa kuti mwina adatenga kachilombo ka HIV zaka zapitazo.

Dokotala amatsimikizira Michael kuti si matenda "achiwerewere". "Sizinakhalepo," adatero dokotala. "Amuna achiwerewere akhala oyamba kuutenga mdziko muno, koma pakhala pali ena - opatsirana magazi, ogwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo, ndipo sasiya pamenepo."

Pambuyo pa tsitsi lalikulu komanso ma jekete ataliatali a 1980, chithunzi cha amuna ogonana ndi Edzi mu "An Early Frost" chimamveka kunyumba. Zoposa zaka makumi atatu pambuyo pake, anthu amatha kumvetsetsa vuto lake. Ayenera kupatsa banja lake lakumatawuni nkhani ziwiri nthawi yomweyo: "Ndine gay ndipo ndili ndi Edzi."

Zomwe munthu amakumana nazo pamavuto aboma

Pofufuza momwe HIV ndi Edzi zimakhudzira anthu ena, "Frost Early" idakhazikitsa mayendedwe amakanema ena omwe adatsatira.

Mwachitsanzo, mu 1989, "Longtime Companion" inali kanema woyamba kutulutsa kwambiri kutambasulira zomwe zidachitikira anthu omwe ali ndi HIV ndi Edzi. Dzinalo la kanema limachokera ku mawu omwe New York Times imagwiritsa ntchito m'ma 1980 kufotokoza munthu yemwe amagonana ndi amuna kapena akazi okhaokha yemwe wamwalira ndi matenda obwera chifukwa cha Edzi. Nkhaniyi imayambira pa Julayi 3, 1981, pomwe New York Times idasindikiza nkhani yake yonena za "kufalikira" kwa khansa yosawerengeka pagulu lachiwerewere.

Kupyolera mu zochitika zingapo za masiku, timayang'ana mavuto owopsa omwe sanathetse matenda okhudzana ndi HIV ndi Edzi ali ndi amuna angapo komanso anzawo. Zomwe zikhalidwe ndi zizindikilo zomwe timawona zikuphatikiza kutaya kwa chikhodzodzo, khunyu, chibayo, toxoplasmosis, ndi dementia - pakati pa ena.

Chithunzi chotsekera chotchuka cha "Longtime Companion" chidakhala kwa ambiri a ife mtundu wamapemphero limodzi. Anthu atatu akuyenda limodzi pagombe la Fire Island, kukumbukira nthawi isanachitike Edzi, akudabwa kuti apeze mankhwala. Mwachidule chongoyerekeza, azunguliridwa, ngati kuchezera kumwamba, ndi abwenzi awo okondedwa ndi okondedwa - akuthamanga, kuseka, amoyo - omwe amatha msanga.

Kuyang'ana m'mbuyo

Kupita patsogolo kwa zamankhwala kwapangitsa kukhala kotheka kukhala ndi moyo wautali, wathanzi ndi HIV, osafalikira ku Edzi komanso zovuta zake. Koma makanema aposachedwa amafotokoza bwino mabala amisala okhalako zaka zambiri ali ndi matenda osalidwa kwambiri. Kwa ambiri, mabala amenewo amatha kukhala olimba-ndipo amatha kuwononga ngakhale iwo omwe akhala ndi moyo kwanthawi yayitali.

Mafunso ndi amuna anayi achiwerewere - mlangizi wa Shanti Ed Wolf, womenyera ufulu wawo Paul Boneberg, wojambula yemwe ali ndi kachilombo ka HIV a Daniel Goldstein, wochita zovina wovina Guy Clark - komanso namwino wogonana amuna kapena akazi okhaokha Eileen Glutzer abweretsa zovuta za HIV ku San Francisco kuti ziwoneke bwino, ndikumbukira moyo wazolemba mu 2011 “Tinalipo.” Kanemayo adawonetsedwa ku Sundance Film Festival ndipo adapambana mphotho zingapo za Documentary of the Year.

"Ndikamalankhula ndi achinyamata," akutero a Goldstein mufilimuyi, "Amati 'Zinali bwanji?' Chinthu chokha chomwe ndingafanizire ndi malo ankhondo, koma ambiri aife sitinakhalepo m'dera lankhondo. Simumadziwa zomwe bomba lichite. ”

Kwa omenyera ufulu wa amuna kapena akazi okhaokha monga Boneberg, mtsogoleri woyamba wa gulu loyamba padziko lonse lapansi lotsutsa za Edzi, Mobilization Against AIDS, nkhondoyi inali mbali ziwiri nthawi imodzi. Ankamenyera nkhondo kuti athetse HIV-Edzi ngakhale adakankhira kumbuyo mdani wochulukirapo kwa amuna kapena akazi okhaokha. "Achinyamata onga ine," akutero, "mwadzidzidzi mgulu laling'ono lino akukakamizidwa kuthana ndi vuto losaneneka lachigawo lomwe, kuwonjezera pa kudedwa ndi kuzunzidwa, tsopano akukakamizidwa okha kuti ayesetse momwe angachitire tsoka lodabwitsali lachipatala. ”

Gulu lotchuka kwambiri padziko lonse la AIDS

Zolemba zosankhidwa ndi Oscar "Momwe Mungapulumutsire Mliri" zimapereka zowonera kumbuyo pamisonkhano yamlungu ndi mlungu ya ACT UP-New York ndi ziwonetsero zazikulu. Iyamba ndi chiwonetsero choyamba, ku Wall Street, mu Marichi 1987 AZT itakhala mankhwala oyamba kuvomerezedwa ndi FDA kuchiza kachilombo ka HIV. Inalinso mankhwala okwera mtengo kwambiri mpaka pano, amawononga $ 10,000 pachaka.

Mwina mphindi yochititsa chidwi kwambiri mufilimuyi ndi kavalidwe ka Larry Kramer kagulu komweko pamisonkhano yake. "ACT UP yatengedwa ndi mphonje yamisala," akutero. "Palibe amene amavomereza chilichonse, zomwe tingachite ndikupanga anthu mazana angapo pachionetsero. Izi sizipangitsa kuti aliyense azimvera. Osati kufikira titapeza mamiliyoni kunja uko. Sitingachite izi. Zomwe timachita ndikutolelana, ndikufuula wina ndi mnzake. Ndikunenanso zomwezo zomwe ndinanena mu 1981, pomwe panali milandu 41: Mpaka pomwe titagwirizana, tonsefe tili ngati akufa. ”

Mawu amenewo angawoneke kukhala amantha, komanso amalimbikitsa. Pokumana ndi zovuta komanso matenda, anthu amatha kuwonetsa mphamvu zosaneneka. Wachiwiri wodziwika kwambiri wa ACT UP, a Peter Staley, akuwunikiranso izi kumapeto kwa kanema. Iye akuti, "Kuti akhale pachiwopsezo cha kutha, ndikuti ayi kugona pansi, koma m'malo mwake kuyimirira ndikubwezera momwe tidachitira, momwe timadzisamalirira tokha komanso wina ndi mnzake, zabwino zomwe tidawonetsa, umunthu womwe tidawonetsa dziko lapansi, ndizodabwitsa chabe, ndizodabwitsa . ”

Opulumuka kwanthawi yayitali akuwonetsa njira yakutsogolo

Kukhazikika modabwitsa komweku kumawonekera mwa amuna ogonana amuna kapena akazi okhaokha omwe adalembedwa mu "Last Men Standing," zolemba za 2016 zopangidwa ndi San Francisco Chronicle. Kanemayo akuwunikira zomwe zidachitikira omwe adakhala ndi kachirombo ka HIV ku San Francisco. Awa ndi amuna omwe akhala ndi kachilomboka kupitirira masiku omwe amatha "kutha" kwawo komwe kunanenedweratu zaka zapitazo kutengera chidziwitso cha zamankhwala cha nthawiyo.

Polimbana ndi mbiri yochititsa chidwi ya San Francisco, kanemayo akuwonetsa zomwe amuna asanu ndi atatu ndi namwino wamkazi amene amasamalira anthu omwe ali ndi kachilombo ka HIV ku San Francisco General Hospital kuyambira pomwe mliriwu udayambika.

Monga makanema azaka za 1980, "Last Men Standing" akutikumbutsa kuti mliri waukulu ngati HIV-AIDS - UNAIDS akuti amuna ndi akazi pafupifupi 76.1 miliyoni atenga kachilombo ka HIV kuyambira pomwe amafotokozedwa koyamba mu 1981 - mpaka pano . Nkhani zabwino kwambiri, monga zomwe zili mufilimuyi, zimatikumbutsa tonse kuti moyo wathunthu umatsikira munkhani zomwe timadziuza tokha za zomwe takumana nazo, ndipo nthawi zina, kuvutika, "kumatanthauza."

Chifukwa "Amuna Omaliza Atayimirira" amakondwerera umunthu wa omvera ake - nkhawa zawo, mantha, chiyembekezo, ndi chisangalalo - uthenga wake ndiwonse. Ganymede, munthu wofunika kwambiri papepalali, amapereka uthenga wanzeru zomwe adapeza movutikira zomwe zitha kupindulitsa aliyense wofunitsitsa kuzimva.

"Sindikufuna kwenikweni kulankhula za zowawa zomwe ndimakumana nazo," akutero, "mwina chifukwa anthu ambiri safuna kuzimva, mwina chifukwa ndizopweteka kwambiri. Ndikofunika kuti nkhaniyi ipitirirebe koma sitiyenera kuvutika kudzera munkhaniyi. Tikufuna kutulutsa zovutazo ndikupita ku moyo wamoyo. Ndiye ngakhale ndikufuna kuti nkhaniyi isayiwalike, sindikufuna kuti ikhale nkhani yomwe imayendetsa moyo wathu. Nkhani yakukhazikika, chisangalalo, chisangalalo cha kupulumuka, yopambana, yophunzira zofunika komanso zofunika m'moyo - ndizo zomwe ndikufuna kukhala nazo. ”

John-Manuel Andriote, mtolankhani wathanzi kwanthawi yayitali ndiye wolemba wa Opambana Omwe Adasankhidwa: Momwe Edzi Amasinthira Moyo Wachiwerewere ku America. Buku lake laposachedwa kwambiri ndi Stonewall Strong: Gay Men's Heroic Fight for Resilience, Health Health, ndi Gulu Lamphamvu. Andriote alemba "Stonewall Strong" blog pakulimba mtima kwa Psychology Today.