Kodi nephritis ndi chiyani kuti mudziwe

Zamkati

• Zizindikiro zazikulu
• Zomwe zingayambitse
• Momwe mankhwalawa amachitikira
• Momwe mungapewere nephritis

Nephritis ndi gulu la matenda omwe amayambitsa kutupa kwa glomeruli, komwe ndi impso zomwe zimayambitsa kuchotsa poizoni ndi zinthu zina m'thupi, monga madzi ndi mchere. Zikatero impso imakhala ndi mphamvu zochepa zosefera magazi.

Mitundu yayikulu ya nephritis yomwe imakhudzana ndi gawo la impso kapena zomwe zimayambitsa, ndi:

• Glomerulonephritis, momwe kutupa kumakhudza kwambiri gawo loyamba lazida zosefera, glomerulus, yomwe imatha kukhala yovuta kapena yayitali;
• Interstitial nephritis kapena tubulointerstitial nephritis, momwe kutupa kumachitika m'matumbo a impso komanso m'malo opezeka ma tubules ndi glomerulus;
• Lupus nephritis, momwe gawo lomwe lakhudzidwa lilinso glomerulus ndipo limayambitsidwa ndi Systemic Lupus Erythematosus, womwe ndi matenda amthupi.

Nephritis imatha kukhala pachimake ikatuluka mwachangu chifukwa cha matenda akulu, monga matenda am'mero Mzere, matenda a chiwindi kapena HIV kapena osachiritsika akamakula pang'onopang'ono chifukwa cha kuwonongeka kwa impso koopsa.

Zizindikiro zazikulu

Zizindikiro za nephritis zitha kukhala:

• Kuchepetsa mkodzo;
• Mkodzo wofiira;
• Kutuluka thukuta kwambiri, makamaka kumaso, manja ndi mapazi;
• Kutupa kwa maso kapena miyendo;
• Kuchuluka kwa magazi;
• Kupezeka kwa magazi mkodzo.

Ndikukula kwa izi, muyenera kupita kwa nephrologist nthawi yomweyo kuti mukayese mayeso okhudzana ndi matenda a mkodzo, ultrasound kapena computed tomography kuti mudziwe vuto ndikuyamba chithandizo choyenera.

Kuphatikiza pa zizindikilo izi, mu nephritis yanthawi yayitali pakhoza kukhala kuchepa kwa njala, nseru, kusanza, kutopa, kusowa tulo, kuyabwa ndi kukokana.

Zomwe zingayambitse

Pali zifukwa zingapo zomwe zingayambitse matenda a nephritis, monga:

• Kugwiritsa ntchito kwambiri mankhwala monga ma analgesics, maantibayotiki, mankhwala osagwiritsa ntchito zotupa, okodzetsa, anticonvulsants, zoletsa za calcineurin monga cyclosporine ndi tacrolimus;
• Matenda ndi mabakiteriya, mavairasi ndi ena;
• Matendachodzipangira, monga systemic lupus erythematosus, Sjogren's syndrome, matenda amachitidwe omwe amagwirizana ndi IgG4;
• Kutenga nthawi yayitali poizoni monga lithiamu, lead, cadmium kapena aristolochic acid;

Kuphatikiza apo, anthu omwe ali ndi mitundu ingapo ya matenda a impso, khansa, matenda ashuga, glomerulopathies, HIV, matenda a zenga ali pachiwopsezo chowonjezeka chodwala nephritis.

Momwe mankhwalawa amachitikira

Mankhwalawa amatengera mtundu wa nephritis ndipo chifukwa chake, ngati ndi nephritis yovuta, chithandizochi chitha kuchitidwa ndi kupumula kwathunthu, kuwongolera kuthamanga kwa magazi ndi kuchepetsa kumwa mowa. Ngati pachimake nephritis chifukwa cha matenda, nephrologist akhoza mankhwala mankhwala.

matenda a nephritis, kuphatikiza kuthamanga kwa magazi, chithandizo nthawi zambiri chimachitidwa ndi mankhwala a anti-yotupa monga cortisone, immunosuppressants ndi diuretics komanso zakudya zoletsedwa ndi mchere, mapuloteni ndi potaziyamu.

Nephrologist amayenera kukafunsidwa pafupipafupi chifukwa matenda a nephritis nthawi zambiri amayambitsa impso. Onani zizindikilo zomwe zingawonetse kulephera kwa impso.

Momwe mungapewere nephritis

Pofuna kupewa kuyambika kwa nephritis, munthu ayenera kupewa kusuta, kuchepetsa nkhawa komanso kusamwa mankhwala popanda malangizo azachipatala chifukwa ambiri a iwo amatha kuwononga impso.

Anthu omwe ali ndi matenda, makamaka a chitetezo cha mthupi, ayenera kulandira chithandizo choyenera ndikufunsira kwa dokotala pafupipafupi, kuti athe kuwunika kuthamanga kwa magazi, komanso kuyezetsa impso nthawi zonse. Dokotala amathanso kulangiza kusintha kwa zakudya monga kudya zochepa zomanga thupi, mchere ndi potaziyamu.