Matenda a Nutrition and Metabolism

Zamkati

• Kodi kagayidwe kanu kagwiritsidwe ntchito motani?
• Kodi matenda amadzimadzi ndi chiyani?
• Nchiyani chimayambitsa matenda amadzimadzi?
• Mitundu yamavuto amadzimadzi
• Matenda a Gaucher
• Glucose galactose malabsorption
• Cholowa cha hemochromatosis
• Matenda a mkodzo matenda a mkodzo (MSUD)
• Phenylketonuria (PKU)
• Chiwonetsero

Kodi kagayidwe kanu kagwiritsidwe ntchito motani?

Metabolism ndimachitidwe omwe thupi lanu limagwiritsa ntchito kusintha chakudya chomwe mumadya kukhala mafuta omwe amakupulumutsani amoyo.

Chakudya chopatsa thanzi (chakudya) chimakhala ndi mapuloteni, chakudya, ndi mafuta. Zinthu izi zimaphwanyidwa ndi ma enzyme m'thupi lanu, kenako amapita nawo kumaselo komwe amatha kugwiritsidwa ntchito ngati mafuta. Thupi lanu limagwiritsa ntchito zinthuzi nthawi yomweyo, kapena limazisunga m'chiwindi, mafuta amthupi, ndi minyewa kuti mugwiritse ntchito pambuyo pake.

Kodi matenda amadzimadzi ndi chiyani?

Matenda amadzimadzi amachitika pamene kagayidwe kake kagayidwe kakanika ndipo kamapangitsa thupi kukhala ndi zinthu zofunikira kwambiri kapena zochepa kwambiri zofunika kukhala athanzi.

Matupi athu amakhudzidwa kwambiri ndi zolakwika zamagetsi. Thupi liyenera kukhala ndi ma amino acid ndi mitundu yambiri ya mapuloteni kuti agwire ntchito zake zonse. Mwachitsanzo, ubongo umafuna calcium, potaziyamu, ndi sodium kuti apange mphamvu zamagetsi, komanso lipids (mafuta ndi mafuta) kuti akhale ndi dongosolo lamanjenje labwino.

Matenda amadzimadzi amatha kukhala m'njira zosiyanasiyana. Izi zikuphatikiza:

• mavitamini kapena mavitamini omwe akusowa omwe amafunikira kuti pakhale mankhwala ofunikira
• zovuta zamankhwala zomwe zimalepheretsa kagayidwe kake
• matenda m'chiwindi, kapamba, mafupa a endocrine, kapena ziwalo zina zomwe zimakhudzidwa ndi metabolism
• kuperewera kwa zakudya

Nchiyani chimayambitsa matenda amadzimadzi?

Mutha kukhala ndi vuto la kagayidwe kachakudya ngati ziwalo zina - mwachitsanzo, kapamba kapena chiwindi - zasiya kugwira ntchito bwino. Matenda amtunduwu amatha kukhala chifukwa cha chibadwa, kuchepa kwa mahomoni kapena enzyme, kudya zakudya zina zochulukirapo, kapena zinthu zina zingapo.

Pali zovuta zambiri zamatenda zomwe zimayambitsidwa chifukwa cha kusintha kwa majini amodzi. Zosinthazi zitha kupitilizidwa m'mibadwo yamabanja. Malinga ndi a, mitundu kapena mafuko ena amatha kupatsira majini osinthika chifukwa cha zovuta zina zobadwa nazo. Ambiri mwa awa ndi awa:

• matenda a sickle cell mu Afirika aku America
• cystic fibrosis mwa anthu ochokera ku Europe
• mapulo manyuchi matenda amkodzo m'magulu a Amennonite
• Matenda a Gaucher mwa anthu achiyuda ochokera ku Eastern Europe
• hemochromatosis ku Caucasus ku United States

Mitundu yamavuto amadzimadzi

Matenda ashuga ndimatenda ofala kwambiri amadzimadzi. Pali mitundu iwiri ya matenda ashuga:

• Type 1, zomwe zimayambitsa sizikudziwika, ngakhale pakhoza kukhala chibadwa.
• Mtundu wachiwiri, womwe ungapezeke, kapena womwe ungayambitsenso chifukwa cha majini.

Malinga ndi American Diabetes Association, ana ndi akulu 30.3 miliyoni, kapena pafupifupi 9.4 peresenti ya anthu aku US ali ndi matenda ashuga.

Mu mtundu wa 1 matenda ashuga, ma T cell amalimbana ndikupha maselo a beta m'mankhwala, maselo omwe amapanga insulin. Popita nthawi, kusowa kwa insulin kumatha kuyambitsa:

• kuwonongeka kwa mitsempha ndi impso
• Kuwonongeka kwa maso
• chiopsezo chowonjezeka cha matenda a mtima ndi mitsempha

Mazana azolakwika zobadwa nazo mu metabolism (IEM) zadziwika, ndipo zambiri ndizosowa kwambiri. Komabe, akuti akuti IEM pamodzi imakhudza mwana m'modzi mwa makanda 1,000 alionse. Zambiri mwazovuta izi zimatha kuthandizidwa pochepetsa kudya kapena zinthu zomwe thupi silingathe.

Mitundu yodziwika bwino yamavuto azakudya ndi zamagetsi ndi monga:

Matenda a Gaucher

Matendawa amachititsa kuti munthu asamawononge mafuta amtundu winawake, omwe amasonkhana m'chiwindi, ndulu, ndi mafupa. Kulephera kumeneku kumatha kubweretsa ululu, kuwonongeka kwa mafupa, ngakhale kufa. Amachiritsidwa ndi mankhwala obwezeretsa enzyme.

Glucose galactose malabsorption

Uku ndikulakwitsa poyendetsa shuga ndi galactose kudutsa pamimba zomwe zimayambitsa matenda otsekula m'mimba komanso kuchepa kwa madzi m'thupi. Zizindikiro zimayendetsedwa ndikuchotsa lactose, sucrose, ndi shuga kuchokera pachakudya.

Cholowa cha hemochromatosis

Momwemonso, chitsulo chochulukirapo chimayikidwa m'magulu angapo, ndipo chimatha kuyambitsa:

• matenda a chiwindi
• khansa ya chiwindi
• matenda ashuga
• matenda amtima

Amachiritsidwa pochotsa magazi mthupi (phlebotomy) pafupipafupi.

Matenda a mkodzo matenda a mkodzo (MSUD)

MSUD imasokoneza kagayidwe kazinthu zina za amino acid, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti mitsempha iwonongeke mwachangu. Ngati sanalandire chithandizo, imamupha m'miyezi ingapo yoyambirira mwana akangobadwa. Chithandizochi chimaphatikizapo kuchepetsa kudya kwamagulu amino acid.

Phenylketonuria (PKU)

PKU imayambitsa kulephera kupanga enzyme, phenylalanine hydroxylase, zomwe zimapangitsa kuwonongeka kwa ziwalo, kuchepa kwamaganizidwe, ndi mawonekedwe achilendo. Amachiritsidwa pochepetsa kuchepa kwa zakudya zamtundu wina wamapuloteni.

Chiwonetsero

Matenda amadzimadzi ndi ovuta kwambiri komanso osowa. Ngakhale zili choncho, iwo ndi omwe amafufuza mosalekeza, zomwe zikuthandizanso asayansi kuti amvetsetse zomwe zimayambitsa zovuta zomwe zimafala monga lactose, sucrose, ndi kusagwirizana kwa glucose, komanso kuchuluka kwa mapuloteni ena.

Ngati muli ndi vuto la kagayidwe kachakudya, mutha kugwira ntchito ndi dokotala wanu kuti mupeze njira yothandizira yomwe ili yoyenera kwa inu.