Dysarthria: ndi chiyani, mitundu ndi chithandizo

Zamkati

• Momwe mungadziwire
• Mitundu ya dysarthria
• Momwe mankhwalawa amachitikira

Dysarthria ndimavuto olankhula, omwe nthawi zambiri amayamba chifukwa cha matenda amitsempha, monga sitiroko, ziwalo za m'mimba, matenda a Parkinson, myasthenia gravis kapena amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, mwachitsanzo.

Munthu yemwe ali ndi dysarthria amalephera kutchula komanso kutchula bwino mawu chifukwa cha kusintha kwamachitidwe oyankhulira, omwe amakhudza minofu ya pakamwa, lilime, kholingo kapena zingwe zamawu, zomwe zimatha kubweretsa zovuta pakulankhulana komanso kudzipatula pagulu.

Pofuna kuchiza dysarthria, ndikofunikira kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi ndikumutsatira wothandizira kulankhula, ngati njira yolankhulira chilankhulo ndikukweza mawu omveka, ndikofunikanso kuti adotolo azindikire ndikuchiza zomwe zidapangitsa kuti zisinthe.

Momwe mungadziwire

Mu dysarthria pamakhala kusintha pakupanga mawu, ndizovuta kusuntha lilime kapena minofu yamaso, ndikupanga zizindikiritso monga kuchepa, kufinya kapena mawu osalankhula. Nthawi zina, mawu amatha kuthamangitsidwa kapena kung'ung'udza, monganso mumalankhulira pansi kapena monong'ona.

Kuphatikiza apo, dysarthria imatha kutsagana ndi kusintha kwina kwamitsempha, monga dysphagia, yomwe imavutika kumeza chakudya, dyslalia, komwe kumasintha matchulidwe amawu, kapena aphasia, komwe ndikusintha pakulankhula kapena kumvetsetsa chilankhulo. Mvetsetsani kuti dyslalia ndi chiyani komanso momwe mungachiritsire.

Mitundu ya dysarthria

Pali mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya dysarthria, ndipo mawonekedwe ake amatha kusiyanasiyana kutengera komwe kukula ndi kukula kwa chotupa chamitsempha kapena matenda omwe amayambitsa vutoli. Mitundu yayikulu ndi iyi:

• Flaccid dysarthria: ndi dysarthria yomwe, nthawi zambiri, imatulutsa mawu okokomeza, opanda mphamvu, m'mphuno komanso potulutsa mawu mosavomerezeka. Nthawi zambiri zimachitika ndi matenda omwe amawononga ma neuron apansi, monga myasthenia gravis kapena bulbar ziwalo, mwachitsanzo;
• Matenda a dysarthria: imayambitsanso mawu amphuno, okhala ndi makonsonanti osalondola, kuphatikiza mavawelo osokonekera, kutulutsa mawu omangika ndi "opachika". Itha kutsagana ndi kupindika komanso kusinthasintha kwaminyewa yaminyewa yamaso. Kawirikawiri kuvulala kwa mitsempha yam'mwamba, monga kuvulala koopsa muubongo;
• Ataxic dysarthria: Dysarthria iyi imatha kuyambitsa liwu lankhanza, ndimasinthidwe amawu amawu, ndikulankhula pang'onopang'ono komanso kunjenjemera milomo ndi lilime. Mutha kukumbukira zomwe munthu wina adamwa. Nthawi zambiri zimachitika pakagwa zovulala zokhudzana ndi dera la cerebellum;
• Hypokinetic dysarthria: pali mawu owuma, opumira komanso ogwedezeka, osalondola molumikizana, komanso palinso kusintha kwakanthawi pakulankhula komanso kunjenjemera kwa milomo ndi lilime. Zitha kuchitika m'matenda omwe amachititsa kusintha m'dera laubongo lotchedwa basal ganglia, lofala kwambiri m'matenda a Parkinson;
• Hyperkinetic dysarthria: pamakhala kusokonekera pakumveketsa mavawelo, kumayambitsa mawu okhwima komanso kusokoneza malongosoledwe amawu. Zitha kuchitika pakavulazidwa dongosolo lamanjenje la extrapyramidal, nthawi zambiri pakagwa chorea kapena dystonia, mwachitsanzo.
• Obwera dysarthria: imawonetsa kusintha kwamitundu yopitilira imodzi ya dysarthria, ndipo imatha kuchitika m'malo angapo, monga multiple sclerosis, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis kapena kuvulala koopsa kwaubongo, mwachitsanzo.

Kuti adziwe chomwe chimayambitsa matenda a dysarthria, katswiri wa zamankhwala amafufuza zomwe zikuwonetsa, kuwunika kwakuthupi, ndikuwunika mayeso monga computed tomography, imaging resonance imaging, electroencephalogram, lumbar puncture and neuropsychological Study, mwachitsanzo, zomwe zimazindikira kusintha komwe kumakhudzana kwambiri kapena komwe kumayambitsa kusintha uku polankhula.

Momwe mankhwalawa amachitikira

Chithandizo chimadalira chifukwa cha kuuma kwa dysarthria, ndipo adotolo amalimbikitsa maopaleshoni kuti athetse kusintha kwa anatomiki kapena kuchotsa chotupa, kapena kuwonetsa kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo, monga matenda a Parkinson, mwachitsanzo.

Komabe, njira yayikulu yamankhwala imachitidwa ndi njira zothandizira kukonzanso, pogwiritsa ntchito njira zolankhulira kuti zithandizire kutulutsa mawu, kuwongolera mphamvu, kufotokoza bwino mawu, kupuma kapena ngakhale njira zina zoyankhulirana. Zochita zolimbitsa thupi ndizofunikanso kwambiri kukonza kuyenda kwa nsagwada ndikuthandizira kulimbitsa minofu ya nkhope.