Kodi Kusokonezeka Kotsutsa Ndi kotani?

Zamkati

• Zizindikiro za matenda otsutsana
• Mwa ana ndi achinyamata
• Akuluakulu
• Zoyambitsa za kutsutsana kosagwirizana
• Njira zopezera kusamvana komwe kumatsutsana
• 1. Amawonetsa machitidwe
• 2. Khalidweli limasokoneza moyo wawo
• 3. Sichimagwirizanitsidwa ndi kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo kapena magawo amisala
• Kukhwima
• Chithandizo cha matenda osokoneza bongo
• Njira zothanirana ndi vuto lotsutsa
• Vuto lotsutsa lotsutsa mkalasi
• Q&A: Chitani zovuta motsutsana ndi zovuta zotsutsana
• Funso:
• Yankho:

Chidule

Ngakhale ana ofatsa kwambiri nthawi zina amakwiya komanso samvera. Koma kupitilizabe kupsa mtima, kunyoza, ndi kubwezera kuboma kungakhale chizindikiro chotsutsana ndi vuto losagwirizana (ODD).

ODD ndi vuto lamakhalidwe lomwe limadzetsa mkwiyo ndikukwiyira olamulira. Zitha kukhudza ntchito ya munthu, sukulu, komanso moyo wapagulu.

ODD imakhudza pakati pa 1 ndi 16 peresenti ya ana azaka zakusukulu. Ndizofala kwambiri mwa anyamata kuposa atsikana. Ana ambiri amayamba kuwonetsa zizindikiro za ODD azaka zapakati pa 6 ndi 8. ODD imapezekanso mwa akulu. Akuluakulu omwe ali ndi ODD omwe sanapezedwe ngati ana nthawi zambiri samadziwika.

Zizindikiro za matenda otsutsana

Mwa ana ndi achinyamata

ODD imakhudza kwambiri ana ndi achinyamata. Zizindikiro za ODD ndi izi:

• Kupsa mtima pafupipafupi kapena mkwiyo
• kukana kutsatira zomwe akulu akupempha
• kukangana kwambiri ndi achikulire ndi olamulira
• Nthawi zonse amakayikira kapena kunyalanyaza malamulo
• Khalidwe lomwe cholinga chake ndi kukhumudwitsa, kukwiyitsa, kapena kukwiyitsa ena, makamaka olamulira
• kuimba mlandu ena chifukwa cha zolakwa zawo kapena zolakwa zawo
• kukwiya msanga
• kubwezera

Palibe chimodzi mwazizindikiro zokha zomwe zimaloza ku ODD. Payenera kukhala chizindikiritso cha zizindikilo zingapo zomwe zimachitika kwa miyezi yosachepera isanu ndi umodzi.

Akuluakulu

Pali zochitika zina za ODD pakati pa ana ndi akulu. Zizindikiro mwa akulu omwe ali ndi ODD ndi awa:

• Kumva kukwiya pa dziko lapansi
• kumverera kuti sanakumvetseni kapena sakukondani
• Kukonda kwambiri ulamuliro, kuphatikiza oyang'anira kuntchito
• kudziwika ngati wopanduka
• kudziteteza mwamphamvu komanso osakhala oyenera kuyankha
• kuimba mlandu ena chifukwa cha zolakwa zawo

Matendawa nthawi zambiri amakhala ovuta kuwazindikira mwa akulu chifukwa zizindikilo zambiri zimakumana ndimakhalidwe osavomerezeka, kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo, ndi zovuta zina.

Zoyambitsa za kutsutsana kosagwirizana

Palibe chifukwa chotsimikizika cha ODD, koma pali malingaliro omwe angathandize kuzindikira zomwe zingayambitse. Zimaganiziridwa kuphatikiza zinthu zachilengedwe, zachilengedwe, komanso zamaganizidwe zimayambitsa ODD. Mwachitsanzo, ndizofala kwambiri m'mabanja omwe ali ndi mbiri yakusokonekera kwa chidwi (ADHD).

Chiphunzitso chimodzi chimati ODD imatha kuyamba kukula ana ali aang'ono, chifukwa ana ndi achinyamata omwe ali ndi ODD amawonetsa machitidwe ofanana ndi ana. Chiphunzitsochi chikuwonetsanso kuti mwana kapena wachinyamata akuvutika kuti akhale wodziyimira pawokha kuchokera kwa makolo kapena olamulira omwe amamumvera.

Ndikothekanso kuti ODD imayamba chifukwa chazikhalidwe zophunziridwa, kuwonetsa njira zolimbitsa zolakwika zomwe ena amaudindo ndi makolo amagwiritsa ntchito. Izi ndizowona makamaka ngati mwanayo amagwiritsa ntchito machitidwe oyipa kuti apeze chidwi. Nthawi zina, mwana amatha kutengera machitidwe olakwika kuchokera kwa kholo.

Zina mwazomwe zingayambitse ndi izi:

• mikhalidwe ina, monga kukhala wolakalaka mwamphamvu
• kusakhala ndi ubale wabwino ndi kholo
• kupsinjika kwakukulu kapena kusadalirika kunyumba kapena moyo watsiku ndi tsiku

Njira zopezera kusamvana komwe kumatsutsana

Katswiri wazamisala kapena wama psychology amatha kuzindikira ana ndi akulu omwe ali ndi ODD. Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disways, yotchedwa DSM-5, ikufotokoza zinthu zitatu zofunika kudziwa kuti ODD imapezeka:

1. Amawonetsa machitidwe

Munthu ayenera kukhala ndi chizolowezi chokwiya kapena kupsa mtima, machitidwe okonda kukangana, kapena kubwezera choipa kwa miyezi isanu ndi umodzi. Pakadali pano, akuyenera kuwonetsa zosachepera zinayi zamikhalidwe zotsatirazi pagulu lililonse.

Chimodzi mwazizindikirozi chikuyenera kuwonetsedwa ndi munthu yemwe si m'bale wawo. Magulu ndi zizindikiro zake ndi monga:

Mkwiyo kapena kukwiya, zomwe zimaphatikizapo zizindikiro monga:

• nthawi zambiri amakwiya
• kukhala wokhudzidwa
• kukwiya msanga
• nthawi zambiri kukwiya kapena kukwiya

Kukangana kapena kunyoza, zomwe zimaphatikizapo zizindikiro monga:

• kumangokangana pafupipafupi ndi akuluakulu kapena akuluakulu
• Kutsutsa mwachangu zopempha za olamulira
• kukana kutsatira zomwe apolisi akumpempha
• kukwiyitsa ena mwadala
• kuimba mlandu ena chifukwa cha kusachita bwino

Kubwezera

• Kuchita mwano osachepera kawiri m'miyezi isanu ndi umodzi

2. Khalidweli limasokoneza moyo wawo

Chinthu chachiwiri chomwe akatswiri amayang'ana ngati kusokonezeka kwamakhalidwe kumalumikizidwa ndi mavuto mwa munthuyo kapena pagulu lawo. Khalidwe losokoneza limatha kusokoneza madera ena monga moyo wawo wamaphunziro, maphunziro, kapena ntchito.

3. Sichimagwirizanitsidwa ndi kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo kapena magawo amisala

Pazidziwitso, mayendedwe sangachitike pokhapokha magawo omwe akuphatikizapo:

• kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo
• kukhumudwa
• matenda ochititsa munthu kusinthasintha zochitika
• psychosis

Kukhwima

DSM-5 imakhalanso ndi zovuta. Matenda a ODD atha kukhala:

• Wofatsa: Zizindikiro zimangokhala pamalo amodzi.
• Wapakati: Zizindikiro zina zidzakhalapo m'malo awiri.
• Kwambiri: Zizindikiro zizipezeka m'malo atatu kapena kupitilira apo.

Chithandizo cha matenda osokoneza bongo

Chithandizo choyambirira ndichofunikira kwa anthu omwe ali ndi ODD. Achinyamata ndi achikulire omwe ali ndi ODD osachiritsidwa ali pachiwopsezo chachikulu cha kukhumudwa komanso kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo, malinga ndi American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry. Chithandizo chitha kukhala:

Chithandizo chamunthu chazidziwitso: Katswiri wamaganizidwe adzagwira ntchito ndi mwanayo kuti akwaniritse:

• luso lotha kupsa mtima
• maluso olumikizirana
• kulamulira mwamphamvu
• maluso othetsera mavuto

Akhozanso kuzindikira zomwe zingayambitse.

Chithandizo cha banja: Katswiri wamaganizidwe adzagwira ntchito ndi banja lonse kuti asinthe. Izi zitha kuthandiza makolo kupeza chithandizo ndikuphunzira njira zothetsera ODD ya mwana wawo.

Chithandizo chothandizana ndi makolo ndi mwana(PCIT): Madokotala aziphunzitsa makolowo akamacheza ndi ana awo. Makolo angaphunzire njira zothandiza kwambiri zolerera ana.

Magulu a anzawo: Mwanayo atha kuphunzira momwe angakulitsire maluso awo ocheza nawo komanso maubale ndi ana ena.

Mankhwala: Izi zitha kuthandiza kuthana ndi zomwe zimayambitsa ODD, monga kukhumudwa kapena ADHD. Komabe, palibe mankhwala enieni ochiritsira ODD palokha.

Njira zothanirana ndi vuto lotsutsa

Makolo atha kuthandiza ana awo kusamalira ODD mwa:

• kukulitsa zolimbikitsira zabwino ndikuchepetsa zolimbitsa zolimbikitsa
• kugwiritsa ntchito chilango chosasinthasintha pamakhalidwe oyipa
• kugwiritsa ntchito mayankho odalirika komanso olera mwachangu
• kutengera mayendedwe abwino mnyumba
• kuchepetsa zochitika zachilengedwe kapena zochitika (Mwachitsanzo, ngati zosokoneza za mwana wanu zikuwoneka zikuwonjezeka ndikusowa tulo, onetsetsani kuti akugona mokwanira.)

Akuluakulu omwe ali ndi ODD amatha kuthana ndi vuto lawo mwa:

• kuvomereza udindo wawo chifukwa cha zochita zawo
• Kugwiritsa ntchito kulingalira komanso kupuma modekha kuti athe kuwongolera mkwiyo
• kupeza zochitika zothana ndi nkhawa, monga masewera olimbitsa thupi

Vuto lotsutsa lotsutsa mkalasi

Si makolo okha omwe amatsutsidwa ndi ana omwe ali ndi ODD. Nthawi zina mwana amatha kuchita zinthu kwa kholo koma samachita bwino kwa aphunzitsi kusukulu. Aphunzitsi amatha kugwiritsa ntchito njira zotsatirazi pothandiza ophunzira omwe ali ndi ODD:

• Dziwani kuti njira zosinthira zomwe zimagwira ophunzira ena sizingagwire ntchito kwa wophunzirayo. Muyenera kufunsa kholo lanu zomwe zili zothandiza kwambiri.
• Khalani ndi zoyembekeza zomveka komanso malamulo. Tumizani malamulo mkalasi pamalo owoneka.
• Dziwani kuti kusintha kulikonse mkalasi, kuphatikiza chowotcha moto kapena dongosolo la maphunziro, kumatha kukhumudwitsa mwana yemwe ali ndi ODD.
• Muwongolereni mwanayo zomwe achita.
• Yesetsani kukhazikitsa chidaliro ndi wophunzirayo polumikizana momveka bwino ndikukhala osagwirizana.

Q&A: Chitani zovuta motsutsana ndi zovuta zotsutsana

Funso:

Kodi pali kusiyana kotani pakati pamavuto amachitidwe ndi zotsutsana zotsutsana?

Wosadziwika wodwala

Yankho:

Matenda osagwirizana ndi omwe ali pachiwopsezo chotenga matenda (CD). Njira zodziwitsira zomwe zimakhudzana ndi vuto lamakhalidwe nthawi zambiri zimawerengedwa kuti ndizovuta kwambiri kuposa zomwe zimakhudzana ndi ODD. CD imakhudza zolakwa zazikulu kuposa kutsutsa olamulira kapena machitidwe obwezera, monga kuba, machitidwe aukali kwa anthu kapena nyama, ngakhale kuwononga katundu. Malamulo ophwanyidwa ndi anthu omwe ali ndi CD atha kukhala akulu kwambiri. Makhalidwe okhudzana ndi vutoli amathanso kukhala osaloledwa, zomwe sizikhala choncho ndi ODD.

A Timothy J. Legg, PhD, CRNPayankho amayimira malingaliro a akatswiri athu azachipatala. Zonse zomwe zili ndizachidziwikire ndipo siziyenera kuonedwa ngati upangiri wa zamankhwala.