Chilichonse Chimene Muyenera Kudziwa Zokhudza Poikilocytosis

Zamkati

• Zizindikiro za poikilocytosis
• Kodi chimayambitsa poikilocytosis ndi chiyani?
• Kuzindikira poikilocytosis
• Kodi mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya poikilocytosis ndi iti?
• Spherocytes
• Stomatocytes (maselo am'kamwa)
• Codocytes (chandamale maselo)
• Ma Leptocyte
• Maselo odwala (drepanocytes)
• Elliptocytes (ovalocytes)
• Dacryocyte (maselo amisodzi)
• Acanthocytes (spur maselo)
• Echinocytes (burr maselo)
• Schizocytes (schistocytes)
• Kodi poikilocytosis ankachitira?
• Kodi malingaliro ake ndi otani?

Kodi poikilocytosis ndi chiyani?

Poikilocytosis ndi dzina lachipatala pokhala ndi maselo ofiira ofiira modabwitsa (RBCs) m'magazi anu. Maselo abwinobwino amwazi amatchedwa poikilocytes.

Nthawi zambiri, ma RBC amunthu (omwe amatchedwanso ma erythrocyte) amakhala ofanana ndi ma disk okhala ndi malo ofewa mbali zonse. Poikilocytes atha:

• khalani osyasyalika kuposa zachilendo
• kutalika, koboola pakati, kapena mawonekedwe a misozi
• khalani ndi ziwonetsero zolunjika
• ali ndi zina zachilendo

Ma RBC amanyamula mpweya ndi michere m'thupi lanu ndi ziwalo zanu. Ngati ma RBC anu ali opangidwa mosasinthasintha, sangakhale ndi mpweya wokwanira.

Poikilocytosis nthawi zambiri imayambitsidwa ndi matenda ena, monga kuchepa magazi m'thupi, matenda a chiwindi, uchidakwa, kapena matenda obadwa nawo amwazi. Pachifukwa ichi, kupezeka kwa ma poikilocyte ndi mawonekedwe am'magulu osazolowereka kumathandiza pakuzindikira matenda ena. Ngati muli ndi poikilocytosis, mwina muli ndi vuto lomwe limafunikira chithandizo.

Zizindikiro za poikilocytosis

Chizindikiro chachikulu cha poikilocytosis ndikuchuluka kwambiri (kuposa 10%) ya ma RBC opangidwa modabwitsa.

Mwambiri, zizindikiro za poikilocytosis zimadalira mkhalidwewo. Poikilocytosis amathanso kuonedwa ngati chizindikiro cha zovuta zina zambiri.

Zizindikiro zodziwika zamavuto ena okhudzana ndi magazi, monga kuchepa magazi m'thupi, ndi awa:

• kutopa
• khungu lotumbululuka
• kufooka
• kupuma movutikira

Zizindikirozi ndizomwe zimachitika chifukwa cha mpweya wosakwanira womwe umaperekedwa kumatumba ndi ziwalo za thupi.

Kodi chimayambitsa poikilocytosis ndi chiyani?

Poikilocytosis nthawi zambiri imachitika chifukwa cha vuto lina. Zinthu za poikilocytosis titha kuzilandira kapena kuzipeza. Zinthu zobadwa nazo zimayambitsidwa ndi kusintha kwa majini. Zinthu zopezedwa zimakula pambuyo pake m'moyo.

Zomwe zimayambitsa cholowa cha poikilocytosis ndi izi:

• sickle cell anemia, matenda amtundu womwe amadziwika ndi ma RBC okhala ndi mawonekedwe achilendo
• thalassemia, vuto lamagazi lomwe thupi limapanga hemoglobin yachilendo
• kusowa kwa pyruvate kinase
• McLeod, matenda osowa amtundu omwe amakhudza mitsempha, mtima, magazi, ndi ubongo. Zizindikiro nthawi zambiri zimayamba pang'onopang'ono ndipo zimayamba mukamakula
• cholowa elliptocytosis
• cholowa cha spherocytosis

Zomwe zimayambitsa poikilocytosis ndi izi:

• kusowa kwa magazi m'thupi, kuchepa kwa magazi m'thupi komwe kumachitika thupi likapanda chitsulo chokwanira
• kuchepa kwa magazi mu megaloblastic, kuchepa kwa magazi komwe kumachitika chifukwa chosowa folate kapena vitamini B-12
• autoimmune hemolytic anemias, gulu la zovuta zomwe zimachitika pomwe chitetezo chamthupi chimawononga ma RBC molakwika
• chiwindi ndi matenda a impso
• uchidakwa kapena matenda okhudzana ndi chiwindi
• kutsogolera poizoni
• mankhwala a chemotherapy
• matenda aakulu
• khansa
• myelofibrosis

Kuzindikira poikilocytosis

Ana onse obadwa kumene ku United States amawunikiridwa ngati ali ndi matenda amtundu wina wamagazi, monga matenda a sickle cell anemia. Poikilocytosis imapezeka panthawi yoyesa yotchedwa magazi smear. Kuyesaku kumatha kuchitika pakuwunika kwakanthawi kathupi, kapena ngati mukukumana ndi zisonyezo zosadziwika.

Pakupaka magazi, dotolo amafalitsa magazi ochepa pakatupa ka microscope ndikudetsa magazi kuti athandizire kusiyanitsa maselo. Kenako dokotalayo amawona magaziwo kudzera pa microscope, pomwe kukula ndi mawonekedwe a RBCs amatha kuwoneka.

Sikuti RBC iliyonse imatenga mawonekedwe achilendo. Anthu omwe ali ndi poikilocytosis nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi mawonekedwe amtundu wosakanikirana ndi maselo amtundu wosazolowereka. Nthawi zina, pali mitundu ingapo yama poikilocyte omwe amapezeka m'magazi. Dokotala wanu amayesa kudziwa mawonekedwe omwe afala kwambiri.

Kuphatikiza apo, dokotala wanu atha kuyesa mayeso ambiri kuti adziwe chomwe chikuyambitsa ma RBC anu opangidwa modabwitsa. Dokotala wanu akhoza kukufunsani mafunso okhudza mbiri yanu yachipatala. Onetsetsani kuwauza za matenda anu kapena ngati mukumwa mankhwala aliwonse.

Zitsanzo za mayeso ena opatsirana ndi awa:

• kuwerengera magazi kwathunthu (CBC)
• ma seramu azitsulo
• ferritin mayeso
• mayeso a vitamini B-12
• mayeso a folate
• kuyesa kwa chiwindi
• fupa la m'mafupa
• kuyesa kwa pyruvate kinase

Kodi mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya poikilocytosis ndi iti?

Pali mitundu ingapo ya poikilocytosis. Mtunduwo umadalira mawonekedwe a ma RBC opangidwa modabwitsa. Ngakhale kuli kotheka kukhala ndi mitundu yoposa imodzi ya poikilocyte yomwe imapezeka m'magazi nthawi iliyonse, nthawi zambiri mtundu umodzi umaposa enawo.

Spherocytes

Ma spherocyte ndi maselo ang'onoang'ono, ozungulira omwe alibe malo opyapyala, owala pang'ono ma RBC owoneka pafupipafupi. Ma spherocytes amatha kuwoneka motere:

• cholowa cha spherocytosis
• magazi m'thupi hemolytic magazi m'thupi
• hemolytic zochita magazi
• mavuto ofiira a maselo ofiira

Stomatocytes (maselo am'kamwa)

Gawo lapakati la selo ya stomatocyte ndilolingika, kapena lofanana, m'malo mozungulira. Ma Stomatocyte nthawi zambiri amafotokozedwa ngati owoneka ngati pakamwa, ndipo amatha kuwoneka mwa anthu omwe ali ndi:

• uchidakwa
• matenda a chiwindi
• cholowa chotchedwa stomatocytosis, matenda osowa omwe majeremusi amatulutsa ma ion ndi potaziyamu

Codocytes (chandamale maselo)

Ma Codocyte nthawi zina amatchedwa cell yolunjika chifukwa nthawi zambiri amafanana ndi ng'ombe yamphongo. Ma codocyte amatha kuwonekera motere:

• thalassemia
• matenda a chiwindi a cholestatic
• mavuto a hemoglobin C.
• anthu omwe posachedwapa adachotsa nthenda yawo (splenectomy)

Ngakhale sizofala, ma codoctyes amatha kuwonanso mwa anthu omwe ali ndi vuto la kuchepa kwa magazi, kuchepa kwa ayoni, kapena poyizoni wazitsulo.

Ma Leptocyte

Nthawi zambiri amatchedwa maselo otetezera, ma leptocyte ndi ofooka, maselo osalala okhala ndi hemoglobin m'mphepete mwa selo. Ma Leptocyte amawoneka mwa anthu omwe ali ndi vuto la thalassemia komanso omwe ali ndi matenda oteteza chiwindi.

Maselo odwala (drepanocytes)

Maselo odwala, kapena ma drepanocyte, amalumikizana, ma RBC owoneka ngati kachigawo. Maselowa ndi omwe amadziwika ndi sickle cell anemia komanso hemoglobin S-thalassemia.

Elliptocytes (ovalocytes)

Ma elliptocyte, omwe amatchedwanso ovalocyte, ndi ovunda pang'ono kuti akhale ofanana ndi ndudu ndi malekezero olakwika. Nthawi zambiri kupezeka kwa elliptocyte ambiri kumayimira cholowa chotchedwa cholowa cha elliptocytosis. Manambala apakati a elliptocyte amatha kuwoneka mwa anthu omwe ali ndi:

• thalassemia
• myelofibrosis
• matenda enaake
• kusowa kwa magazi m'thupi
• kuchepa kwa magazi m'thupi

Dacryocyte (maselo amisodzi)

Maselo a teardrop erythrocyte, kapena dacryocyte, ndi ma RBC okhala ndi malekezero amodzi mozungulira komanso malekezero amodzi. Mtundu uwu wa poikilocyte ukhoza kuwoneka mwa anthu omwe ali ndi:

• beta-thalassemia
• myelofibrosis
• khansa ya m'magazi
• kuchepa kwa magazi m'thupi
• kuchepa magazi m'thupi

Acanthocytes (spur maselo)

Acanthocyte ali ndi ziwonetsero zachilendo zaminga (zotchedwa spicule) m'mphepete mwa khungu. Acanthocyte amapezeka m'malo monga:

• abetalipoproteinemia, chibadwa chosowa chomwe chimayambitsa kulephera kuyamwa mafuta ena azakudya
• matenda oopsa a chiwindi
• pambuyo pa splenectomy
• magazi m'thupi hemolytic magazi m'thupi
• matenda a impso
• thalassemia
• Matenda a McLeod

Echinocytes (burr maselo)

Monga ma acanthocyte, ma echinocyte amakhalanso ndi ziyerekezo (spicule) m'mphepete mwa khungu. Koma malingalirowa amakhala ofanana ndipo amagawika pafupipafupi kuposa ma acanthocyte. Echinocytes amatchedwanso burr maselo.

Echinocytes amatha kuwoneka mwa anthu omwe ali ndi izi:

• Kuperewera kwa pyruvate kinase, matenda amtundu wobadwa nawo omwe amakhudza kupulumuka kwa ma RBC
• matenda a impso
• khansa
• atangowikidwa magazi okalamba (ma echinocyte amatha kupanga posungira magazi)

Schizocytes (schistocytes)

Ma Schizocyte amagawanika ma RBC. Amawonekera kwambiri mwa anthu omwe ali ndi hemolytic anemias kapena amatha kuwonekera potsatira izi:

• sepsis
• matenda aakulu
• amayaka
• kuvulala kwaminyewa

Kodi poikilocytosis ankachitira?

Chithandizo cha poikilocytosis chimadalira pazomwe zimayambitsa vutoli. Mwachitsanzo, poikilocytosis yomwe imayamba chifukwa cha vitamini B-12, folate, kapena chitsulo imathandizika pomwa mankhwala owonjezera komanso kuwonjezera mavitaminiwa pazakudya zanu. Kapenanso, madokotala amatha kuchiza matendawa (monga matenda a celiac) omwe mwina adayambitsa kusowa kwawo koyambirira.

Anthu omwe ali ndi matenda obwera chifukwa cha kuchepa kwa magazi, monga sickle cell anemia kapena thalassemia, angafunike kuthiridwa magazi kapena kuthiridwa mafuta m'mafupa kuti athetse vuto lawo. Anthu omwe ali ndi matenda a chiwindi angafunike kumuika, pomwe omwe ali ndi matenda opatsirana amafunika maantibayotiki.

Kodi malingaliro ake ndi otani?

Kuwona kwakanthawi kwa poikilocytosis kumadalira chifukwa ndi momwe mumathandizidwira mwachangu. Kuchepa kwa magazi komwe kumachitika chifukwa chosowa chitsulo kumachiritsidwa ndipo nthawi zambiri kumachiritsidwa, koma kumatha kukhala koopsa ngati sichichiritsidwa. Izi ndizowona makamaka ngati muli ndi pakati. Kuchepa kwa magazi panthawi yoyembekezera kumatha kubweretsa zovuta pamimba, kuphatikiza zovuta zakubadwa (monga zotupa za neural tube).

Kuchepa kwa magazi komwe kumachitika chifukwa cha matenda amtundu wa sickle cell anemia kudzafuna chithandizo chamoyo wonse, koma kupita patsogolo kwamankhwala kwaposachedwa kwalimbikitsa malingaliro a iwo omwe ali ndi vuto linalake lamagazi.