Kodi Polycythemia Vera, matenda, zizindikiro ndi chithandizo

Zamkati

• Zizindikiro zake ndi ziti
• Momwe matendawa amapangidwira
• Zovuta za polycythemia vera
• 1. Kupanga magazi kuundana
• 2. Splenomegaly
• 3. Kupezeka kwa matenda ena
• Momwe mungapewere zovuta
• Zomwe zingayambitse
• Momwe mankhwalawa amachitikira

Polycythemia Vera ndi matenda a myeloproliferative a maselo a hematopoietic, omwe amadziwika ndi kuchuluka kosalamulirika kwa maselo ofiira, maselo oyera am'magazi ndi ma platelet.

Kuwonjezeka kwa maselowa, makamaka m'maselo ofiira ofiira, kumapangitsa magazi kukhuthala, zomwe zimatha kubweretsa zovuta zina monga kukulitsa ndulu ndikuwonjezera magazi kuundana, motero kumawonjezera chiopsezo cha thrombosis, matenda amtima kapena sitiroko kapena ngakhale kuyambitsa matenda ena monga pachimake. khansa ya m'magazi kapena myelofibrosis.

Chithandizochi chimakhala ndi njira yotchedwa phlebotomy ndikupereka mankhwala omwe amathandizira kuwongolera kuchuluka kwama cell m'magazi.

Zizindikiro zake ndi ziti

Kuchuluka kwa maselo ofiira am'magazi kumayambitsa kuchuluka kwa hemoglobin ndi kukhuthala kwa magazi, komwe kumatha kuyambitsa matenda amitsempha monga vertigo, kupweteka mutu, kuthamanga kwa magazi, kusintha kwawonedwe komanso ngozi zaposachedwa za ischemic.

Kuphatikiza apo, anthu omwe ali ndi matendawa nthawi zambiri amakumana ndi kuyabwa kwanthawi zonse, makamaka atatha kusamba, kufooka, kuwonda, kutopa, kusawona bwino, thukuta kwambiri, kutupa palimodzi, kupuma movutikira komanso kufooka, kumva kulira, kutentha kapena kufooka kwa mamembala.

Momwe matendawa amapangidwira

Pofuna kudziwa matendawa, kuyezetsa magazi kuyenera kuchitidwa, komwe kwa anthu omwe ali ndi Polycythemia Vera, kumawonjeza kuchuluka kwa maselo ofiira, ndipo nthawi zina, kuwonjezeka kwa maselo oyera am'magazi ndi ma platelet, kuchuluka kwa hemoglobin komanso milingo yotsika ya erythropoietin.

Kuphatikiza apo, chikhumbo cham'mafupa kapena biopsy itha kuchitidwanso kuti mupeze mtundu woyeserera pambuyo pake.

Zovuta za polycythemia vera

Pali milandu ya anthu omwe ali ndi Polycythemia Vera omwe sawonetsa zizindikiritso, komabe, milandu ina imatha kubweretsa zovuta zazikulu:

1. Kupanga magazi kuundana

Kuwonjezeka kwa makulidwe amwazi ndikucheperako kwa kuchuluka kwa mapaleti, kumatha kupangitsa magazi kuundana, komwe kumatha kubweretsa matenda amtima, stroko, pulmonary embolism kapena thrombosis. Dziwani zambiri za matenda amtima.

2. Splenomegaly

Nthata imathandiza thupi kulimbana ndi matenda ndikuthandizira kuthana ndi maselo amwazi omwe awonongeka. Kuwonjezeka kwa maselo ofiira ofiira kapena ngakhale maselo ena amwazi, kumapangitsa kuti nduluyo igwire ntchito molimbika kuposa zachilendo, zomwe zimapangitsa kukula. Onani zambiri za splenomegaly.

3. Kupezeka kwa matenda ena

Ngakhale ndizosowa, Polycythemia Vera imatha kubweretsa matenda ena owopsa, monga myelofibrosis, myelodysplastic syndrome kapena acute leukemia. Nthawi zina, mafupa amatha kukhalanso ndi fibrosis komanso hypocellularity.

Momwe mungapewere zovuta

Pofuna kupewa zovuta, kuwonjezera pakulimbikitsidwa kutsatira mankhwalawa moyenera, ndikofunikanso kukhala ndi moyo wathanzi, kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi pafupipafupi, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti magazi aziyenda bwino komanso amachepetsa kuundana kwa magazi. Kusuta kuyeneranso kupeŵedwa, chifukwa kumawonjezera chiopsezo cha matenda a mtima ndi kupwetekedwa mtima.

Kuphatikiza apo, khungu liyenera kuthandizidwa bwino, kuti muchepetse kuyabwa, kusamba ndi madzi ofunda, kugwiritsa ntchito gel osamba pang'ono ndi kirimu wa hypoallergenic komanso kupewa kutentha kwambiri, komwe kumatha kuyambitsa magazi. Pachifukwa ichi, munthu ayenera kupewa kupezeka padzuwa nthawi yotentha masana ndikuteteza thupi kuti lisakhudzidwe ndi nyengo yozizira kwambiri.

Zomwe zingayambitse

Polycythemia Vera imachitika pamene jini ya JAK2 yasinthidwa, zomwe zimayambitsa mavuto pakupanga kwama cell amwazi. Ichi ndi matenda osowa, omwe amapezeka pafupifupi anthu awiri mwa anthu 100,000, nthawi zambiri azaka zopitilira 60.

Nthawi zambiri, thupi lathanzi limayang'anira kuchuluka kwa mitundu itatu yonse yamaselo amwazi: ofiira, maselo oyera am'magazi ndi ma platelets, koma ku Polycythemia Vera, pamakhala kukokomeza kopitilira mtundu umodzi kapena zingapo zamaselo amwazi.

Momwe mankhwalawa amachitikira

Polycythemia vera ndi matenda osachiritsika omwe alibe mankhwala ndipo chithandizocho chimakhala chochepetsera magazi owonjezera, ndipo nthawi zina amachepetsa mavuto azovuta:

Kuchiza phlebotomy: Njira imeneyi imakhala ndi kukhetsa magazi m'mitsempha, yomwe nthawi zambiri ndiyo njira yoyamba yothandizira anthu omwe ali ndi matendawa. Njirayi imachepetsa kuchuluka kwa maselo ofiira, komanso kumachepetsa magazi.

Asipilini: Dokotala amatha kupereka mankhwala a aspirin pamlingo wochepa, pakati pa 100 ndi 150 mg, kuti achepetse ngozi yamagazi.

Mankhwala ochepetsa magazi: Ngati phlebotomy siyokwanira kuti mankhwalawa akhale othandiza, pangafunike kumwa mankhwala monga:

• Hydroxyurea, yomwe imatha kuchepetsa kupanga kwamagazi m'mafupa;
• Alpha interferon, yomwe imalimbikitsa chitetezo cha mthupi kuthana ndi kuchuluka kwa maselo amwazi, kwa anthu omwe samayankha bwino ku hydroxyurea;
• Ruxolitinib, yomwe imathandiza chitetezo cha mthupi kuwononga zotupa ndipo zimatha kusintha zizindikilo;
• Mankhwala ochepetsa kuyabwa, monga antihistamines.

Ngati kuyabwa kumakula kwambiri, kungakhale kofunika kukhala ndi ma ultraviolet light therapy kapena kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala monga paroxetine kapena fluoxetine.