Kumwa mowa komanso kumwa moyenera

Mowa umaphatikizapo kumwa mowa, vinyo, kapena zakumwa zoledzeretsa.

Mowa ndi chimodzi mwazinthu zomwe anthu amagwiritsa ntchito kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi.

KUMWE ACHINYAMATA

Kumwa mowa si vuto la akulu okha. Okalamba ambiri aku America ku sekondale adamwapo zakumwa zoledzeretsa m'mwezi watha. Izi zili choncho ngakhale kuti zaka zovomerezeka zakumwa ndizaka 21 ku United States.

Pafupifupi mwana m'modzi mwa achinyamata asanu amawerengedwa kuti "amamwa zovuta." Izi zikutanthauza kuti:

• Kuledzeretsa
• Khalani ndi ngozi zokhudzana ndi kumwa mowa
• Lowani m'mavuto ndi malamulo, abale anu, abwenzi, sukulu, kapena masiku chifukwa chakumwa mowa

ZOTSATIRA ZA MOWA

Zakumwa zoledzeretsa zili ndi mowa wosiyanasiyana.

• Mowa ndi pafupifupi 5% mowa, ngakhale mowa wina umakhala ndi zambiri.
• Vinyo nthawi zambiri amakhala 12% mpaka 15% mowa.
• Mowa wambiri ndi pafupifupi 45% mowa.

Mowa umalowa m'magazi anu mwachangu.

Kuchuluka ndi mtundu wa chakudya m'mimba mwanu kungasinthe momwe izi zimachitikira mwachangu. Mwachitsanzo, zakudya zopatsa mphamvu kwambiri komanso zakudya zamafuta ambiri zimatha kupangitsa kuti thupi lanu limamwe mowa pang'ono pang'ono.

Mitundu ina ya zakumwa zoledzeretsa imalowa m'magazi anu mofulumira. Zakumwa zoledzeretsa zimakonda kutengeka msanga.

Mowa umachedwetsa kupuma kwanu, kugunda kwa mtima, komanso momwe ubongo wanu umagwirira ntchito. Zotsatirazi zitha kuwoneka mkati mwa mphindi 10 ndikuwonjezeka mozungulira mphindi 40 mpaka 60. Mowa umakhala m'magazi anu mpaka utawonongeka ndi chiwindi. Kuchuluka kwa mowa m'magazi anu kumatchedwa kuchuluka kwanu mowa. Ngati mumamwa mowa mofulumira kuposa momwe chiwindi chingawonongeke, mulingo uwu umakwera.

Mlingo wanu wamagazi amagwiritsidwa ntchito kutanthauzira mwalamulo ngati mwaledzera kapena ayi. Malire ovomerezeka a mowa wamagazi nthawi zambiri amagwera pakati pa 0.08 ndi 0.10 m'maiko ambiri. M'munsimu muli mndandanda wamagulu amowa wamagazi komanso zomwe zingachitike:

• 0.05 - kuchepetsedwa kwa zoletsa
• 0.10 - mawu osalankhula
• 0,20 - euphoria ndi kuwonongeka kwa magalimoto
• 0.30 - chisokonezo
• 0.40 - kugona
• 0.50 - chikomokere
• 0.60 - kupuma kumaima ndikufa

Mutha kukhala ndi zizindikilo zakuledzera pamowa wambiri wamagazi pansipa tanthauzo lalamulo lakumwa. Komanso, anthu omwe amamwa mowa pafupipafupi sangakhale ndi zizindikiritso mpaka atafika pamlingo wokwera magazi.

KUOPSA KWA MOYO KWA MOYO

Mowa umawonjezera chiopsezo cha:

• Kuledzera
• Kugwa, kumira ndi ngozi zina
• Mutu, khosi, m'mimba, m'matumbo, m'mawere, ndi khansa zina
• Matenda a mtima ndi sitiroko
• Ngozi zamagalimoto
• Zizolowezi zogonana zowopsa, kutenga pakati mosakonzekera kapena kosafunikira, komanso matenda opatsirana pogonana (STIs)
• Kudzipha komanso kudzipha

Kumwa panthawi yapakati kumatha kuvulaza mwana yemwe akukula. Zowonongeka kwambiri za kubadwa kapena matenda a fetus mowa ndizotheka.

KUMWA MOYANG'ANIRA

Ngati mumamwa mowa, ndibwino kuti muzimwa pang'ono. Kudziletsa pang'ono kumatanthauza kuti kumwa sikukuledzeretsani (kapena kuledzera) ndipo simukungomwa chakumwa chimodzi patsiku ngati ndinu mzimayi komanso osapitilira 2 ngati ndinu abambo. Chakumwa chimatanthauzidwa ngati mowa wa ma ola 12, mamililita 350 a mowa, mamililita 150 a vinyo, kapena ma ola 1.5 amowa.

Nazi njira zina zakumwa moyenera, bola ngati mulibe vuto lakumwa, muli ndi zaka zovomerezeka kumwa mowa, ndipo mulibe pakati:

• Osamamwa mowa ndikuyendetsa galimoto.
• Ngati mupita kukamwa, khalani ndi woyendetsa, kapena konzani njira ina yopita kunyumba, monga taxi kapena basi.
• Musamamwe pamimba yopanda kanthu. Akamwe zoziziritsa kukhosi asanamwe komanso akamamwa mowa.

Ngati mukumwa mankhwala, kuphatikiza mankhwala owonjezera, funsani omwe amakuthandizani musanamwe mowa. Mowa umatha kupangitsa zotsatira za mankhwala ambiri kukhala zamphamvu. Itha kulumikizananso ndi mankhwala ena, kuwapangitsa kukhala osagwira ntchito kapena owopsa kapena kukudwalitsani.

Ngati mowa umayambika m'banja mwanu, mutha kukhala pachiwopsezo chachikulu chotenga matendawa nokha. Chifukwa chake, mungafune kupewa kumwa konsekonse.

MUITANE CHITSANZO CHANU CHOPATSA IFE:

• Mumadera nkhawa zakumwa kwanu kapena zakumwa kwanu
• Mukufuna kudziwa zambiri zakumwa mowa kapena magulu othandizira
• Simungathe kuchepetsa kapena kusiya kumwa mowa, ngakhale mutayesetsa kusiya kumwa

Zina mwazinthu ndi monga:

• Omwe Oledzera Osadziwika kapena magulu a Al-anon / Alateen
• Zipatala zam'deralo
• Mabungwe azachipatala kapena aboma
• Aphungu kusukulu kapena pantchito
• Malo ophunzirira azaumoyo ophunzira kapena ogwira ntchito

Kumwa mowa; Kumwa vinyo; Kumwa mowa kwambiri; Kumwa bwino; Kumwa achinyamata

Tsamba la American Psychiatric Association. Matenda okhudzana ndi mankhwala osokoneza bongo. Mu: American Psychiatric Association. Kusanthula ndi Buku Lophatikiza la Mavuto Amisala. 5th ed. Arlington, VA: Kusindikiza kwa Psychiatric kwa America. 2013: 481-590.

Malo Othandizira Kuteteza ndi Kuteteza tsamba lawebusayiti. National Center for Prevention Disease and Promotion of Health. CDC zizindikilo zofunika: kuwunika zakumwa zoledzeretsa ndi upangiri. www.cdc.gov/vitalsigns/alcohol-screening-counselling/. Idasinthidwa pa Januware 31, 2020. Idapezeka pa June 18, 2020.

Nyuzipepala ya National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism. Zotsatira za mowa pa thanzi. www.niaaa.nih.gov/alcohols-effects-health. Inapezeka pa June 25, 2020.

Nyuzipepala ya National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism. Kusokonezeka kwa mowa. www.niaaa.nih.gov/alcohol-health/viewview-alcohol-consumption/alcohol-use-disorder. Inapezeka pa June 25, 2020.

Sherin K, Seikel S, Hale S. Zovuta zakumwa mowa. Mu: Rakel RE, Rakel DP, olemba. Buku Lophunzitsira La Banja. 9th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier Saunders; 2016: chap 48.

Gulu Lankhondo Loteteza ku US, Curry SJ, Krist AH, et al. Kuwunika ndi kulangiza pamakhalidwe ochepetsa kumwa mowa mopanda thanzi mwa achinyamata ndi achikulire: Ndemanga ya US Preventive Services Task Force. JAMA. 2018; 320 (18): 1899-1909. PMID: 30422199 adatulutsidwa.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30422199/.