Potaziyamu wapamwamba kapena wotsika: zizindikiro, zoyambitsa ndi chithandizo

Zamkati

• Kodi potaziyamu ndi chiyani?
• Kusintha kwa potaziyamu m'magazi
• 1. Potaziyamu wochuluka
• 2. Potaziyamu wochepa

Potaziyamu ndi mchere wofunikira kuti magwiridwe antchito oyenera a minyewa yaminyewa, yaminyewa, yamtima komanso kuwunika kwa pH m'magazi. Kusintha kwa potaziyamu m'magazi kumatha kuyambitsa mavuto angapo azaumoyo monga kutopa, mtima wamtima komanso kukomoka.Izi ndichifukwa choti potaziyamu ndi imodzi mwamagawo ofunikira kwambiri m'thupi, omwe amapezeka mkati mwa maselo komanso m'magazi.

Chakudya cholemera potaziyamu chimalumikizidwa ndi maubwino angapo azaumoyo, monga kuchepa kwamadzi, kusungika kwa kuthamanga kwa magazi komanso kuchepa kwa chiwopsezo cha matenda amtima. Mchere uwu umatha kupezeka pogwiritsa ntchito nyama, tirigu ndi mtedza.

Kodi potaziyamu ndi chiyani?

Potaziyamu ndi electrolyte yomwe imapezeka mkati mwa maselo, yomwe imagwira ntchito yofunika kwambiri m'thupi la hydroelectrolytic, kuteteza kuchepa kwa madzi, komanso magazi a pH.

Kuphatikiza apo, potaziyamu ndiyofunikira potulutsa mitsempha yomwe imawongolera kupindika kwa minofu ndi mtima, komanso malingaliro amthupi. Amalimbikitsanso kukula kwa minofu, popeza gawo la mcherewu limasungidwa m'maselo anu, kukhala lofunikira nthawi yakukula ndi chitukuko.

Kusintha kwa potaziyamu m'magazi

Kuchuluka kwa potaziyamu wamagazi kuli pakati pa 3.5 mEq / L ndi 5.5 mEq / L. Mchere uwu ukakhala pamwambapa kapena pansi pamtengo wowerengera, umatha kubweretsa zovuta zina zathanzi.

1. Potaziyamu wochuluka

Potaziyamu wambiri m'magazi amatchedwa hyperkalaemia kapena hyperkalemia, ndipo ali ndi izi:

• Zizindikiro: ngati potaziyamu wochulukirapo ndi wofatsa, nthawi zambiri pamakhala palibe zizindikilo, koma ngati mcherewu umakhala wochuluka kwambiri, zizindikilo monga kuchepa kwa mtima, mtima wamafupa, kufooka kwa minofu, dzanzi ndi kusanza zitha kuwoneka.
• Zoyambitsa: Kuchulukanso kwa potaziyamu kumachitika chifukwa cha kufooka kwa impso, mtundu wa 1 shuga, kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala okodzetsa komanso kutuluka magazi kwambiri.
• Matendawa: Matendawa amapangidwa kudzera mumayeso amwazi, magazi am'magazi ochepa kapena nthawi ya electrocardiogram, momwe adotolo amasinthira magwiridwe antchito amtima.

Mankhwala a hyperkalaemia amachitika ndikuchotsa zakudya zomwe zili ndi potaziyamu wazakudya ndipo, pakavuta kwambiri, kungafunikirenso kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala m'mapiritsi kapena mumtsempha, ndipo ndikofunikira kukhala mchipatala mpaka vutoli limasintha. Onani momwe zakudya ziyenera kukhalira potaziyamu.

2. Potaziyamu wochepa

Kuperewera kwa potaziyamu m'magazi kumatchedwa hypokalemia kapena hypokalemia ndi matenda a hydroelectrolytic omwe amapezeka makamaka kwa anthu ogonekedwa chifukwa chakuchepa kwa chakudya cha potaziyamu kapena chifukwa chotayika kwambiri kudzera mumkodzo kapena m'mimba. Hypokalaemia amadziwika ndi:

• Zizindikiro: kufooka kosalekeza, kutopa, kukokana kwa minofu, kumva kulasalasa komanso kufooka, mtima wamtima komanso kupindika.
• Zoyambitsa: Kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala monga insulin, salbutamol ndi theophylline, kusanza kwanthawi yayitali ndi kutsegula m'mimba, hyperthyroidism ndi hyperaldosteronism, kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo mosalekeza komanso mopitirira muyeso, matenda a Cushing's, komanso, kawirikawiri chakudya.
• Matendawa: zimachitika kudzera mumayeso amwazi ndi mkodzo, ma electrocardiogram kapena kuwunika kwa magazi kwamagazi.

Chithandizo cha potaziyamu wochepa chimadalira chifukwa cha hypokalemia, zizindikilo zomwe zimaperekedwa ndi munthuyo komanso potaziyamu m'magazi, omwe akuwonetsedwa ndi dokotala kuti amamwa mankhwala a potaziyamu pakamwa komanso kumwa zakudya zomwe zili ndi mcherewu, komabe zikavuta kwambiri pangafunike kutulutsa potaziyamu mwachindunji mumtsempha.

Anthu omwe ali ndi zizindikilo za kusintha kwa potaziyamu akuyenera kukaonana ndi dokotala wamba kuti aziyesa magazi ndikuzindikira ngati potaziyamu ndiyokwanira kapena ayi. Pakakhala zosintha pamayeso, chithandizo choyenera chikuyenera kutsatiridwa malinga ndi upangiri wazachipatala kuti mupewe zovuta zina.