Mavuto Amaso ndi Makutu M'ma khanda Asanakwane

Zamkati

• Kodi ndi zoopsa ziti zobereka msanga msanga?
• Ndi mavuto ati amaso omwe angapezeke mwa makanda asanakwane?
• Matenda a retinopathy of prematurity (ROP)
• Strabismus
• Khungu
• Ndi mavuto ati amkhutu omwe angapezeke mwa makanda asanakwane?
• Kobadwa nako kumva
• Zovuta zathupi
• Kodi mavuto amaso ndi khutu amapezeka bwanji?
• Kuyesedwa kwamasomphenya
• Mayeso akumva
• Kodi mavuto amaso ndi amaso amathandizidwa bwanji?
• Kodi mavuto akumva ndi makutu amathandizidwa bwanji?
• Kodi malingaliro a ana omwe ali ndi mavuto am'maso ndi makutu ndi otani?
• Kodi ndi zinthu ziti zomwe zimapezeka kwa ana omwe ali ndi vuto la maso ndi khutu?

Ndi mavuto ati amaso ndi khutu omwe angakhudze ana akhanda msanga?

Ana asanakwane ndi ana omwe amabadwa milungu 37 kapena kupitilira apo. Popeza mimba yabwinobwino imakhala pafupifupi milungu 40, makanda obadwa masiku asanakwane amakhala ndi nthawi yocheperako m'mimba. Izi zimawapangitsa kukhala ndi zovuta zathanzi komanso zolemala zobadwa.

Zina mwazinthu zathanzi zomwe zingakhudze makanda asanakwane ndi monga masomphenya ndi mavuto akumva. Izi ndichifukwa choti gawo lomaliza la masomphenya ndikukula kwakumva limachitika m'masabata angapo apitawa. Akatswiri amati kubadwa msanga kumayambitsa 35% ya zovuta za masomphenya ndi 25% ya zovuta zakumvetsetsa kapena zakumva.

Pemphani kuti muphunzire za mavuto amaso ndi khutu omwe angakhudze ana obadwa masiku asanakwane, ndipo mudziwe zambiri za mankhwala oyenera.

Kodi ndi zoopsa ziti zobereka msanga msanga?

The March of Dimes akuti pafupifupi mwana m'modzi mwa khumi ku United States amabadwa msanga chaka chilichonse. Sikudziwika nthawi zonse zomwe zimayambitsa ntchito isanakwane ndi kubadwa. Komabe, zifukwa zina zowopsa zimatha kubweretsa kubadwa msanga. Zina mwaziwopsezozi zalembedwa pansipa.

Zowopsa zomwe sizingasinthidwe:

• Zaka. Amayi ochepera zaka 17 ndi kupitirira 35 ali ndi mwayi wambiri wobadwa msanga.
• Mtundu. Ana ochokera ku Africa amabadwa asanakwane kuposa ana amitundu ina.

Zowopsa zokhudzana ndi mimba ndi uchembere wabwino:

• kubadwa msanga msanga
• mbiri yabanja yobadwa msanga
• kukhala ndi pakati ndi ana angapo
• Kukhala ndi pakati mkati mwa miyezi 18 kuchokera pamene mudakhala ndi mwana wanu womaliza
• kutenga pakati pambuyo pa vitro feteleza (IVF)
• Nkhani zakale kapena zaposachedwa ndi chiberekero kapena khomo pachibelekeropo

Zowopsa zokhudzana ndi thanzi labwino:

• kukhala ndi vuto la kudya
• kukhala wonenepa kwambiri kapena wonenepa kwambiri
• Matenda ena, kuphatikizapo matenda ashuga, thrombophilia, kuthamanga kwa magazi, ndi preeclampsia

Zowopsa zokhudzana ndi moyo:

• kupanikizika kapena kugwira ntchito maola ambiri
• kusuta ndi utsi wa utsi wa fodya
• kumwa mowa
• kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo

Zina mwaziwopsezo:

• Nkhanza zapakhomo zimawonjezera chiopsezo cha zovuta nthawi yapakati. Ngati simukumva kukhala wotetezeka m'nyumba mwanu kapena pali ngozi yoti wina akumenyani kapena kukupwetekani, funani thandizo kuti mudziteteze nokha ndi mwana wanu wosabadwa. Imbani foni pa Nambala Yapadziko Lonse Yachiwawa Pakhomo pa 800-799-7233 kuti muthandizidwe.

Ndi mavuto ati amaso omwe angapezeke mwa makanda asanakwane?

Maso amakula kwambiri m'miyezi itatu yapitayi yamimba. Izi zikutanthauza kuti mwana akabadwa msanga, amakumana ndi mavuto amaso.

Zinthu zambiri zamaso zimachokera pakukula kwakanthawi kwamitsempha yamagazi, komwe kumatha kubweretsa kuwonongeka kwa masomphenya. Ngakhale maso angawoneke ngati abwinobwino, mutha kuzindikira kuti mwana wanu samayankha pazinthu kapena kusintha kwa kuwala. Zovuta izi zitha kukhala zizindikilo za vuto la masomphenya kapena vuto la diso.

Matenda a retinopathy of prematurity (ROP)

Matenda am'maso a retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) amakula pomwe mitsempha yamagazi imakula modabwitsa m'diso. Malinga ndi National Eye Institute, ROP imapezeka kwambiri pakati pa makanda obadwa asanakwane milungu 31 kapena atabadwa ochepa.

Mwa ana mamiliyoni obadwa masiku asanakwane obadwira ku United States chaka chilichonse, National Eye Institute imanena kuti ana pafupifupi 28,000 amalemera mapaundi 2 3/4 kapena kuchepera apo. Pakati pa 14,000 ndi 16,000 ali ndi ROP, koma makanda ambiri amakhala ndi vuto lochepa. Pachaka, makanda 1,100 mpaka 1,500 okha ndi omwe amapanga ROP zomwe ndizofunikira kwambiri kuti athe kulandira chithandizo.

ROP imakonda kuchitika mwa ana obadwa masiku asanakwane chifukwa kubereka koyambirira kumasokoneza kukula kwa mitsempha yamagazi. Izi zimapangitsa ziwiya zosazolowereka kupanga mu diso. Mitsempha yamagazi imatulutsa mpweya wabwino m'maso nthawi zonse kuti maso ake akule bwino. Mwana akabadwa msanga, mpweya umasinthidwa.

Makamaka, ana ambiri asanakwane amafunika mpweya wochulukirapo kuchipatala chifukwa cha mapapu awo. Kutuluka kwa mpweya kumasokoneza mpweya wawo wabwino. Kusokonezeka kumeneku kumatha kubweretsa chitukuko cha ROP.

Diso limawonongeka ngati mitsempha yachilendo imayamba kutupa ndikutuluka magazi chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa mpweya wabwino. Izi zikachitika, diso limatha kuchoka pa diso, kuyambitsa mavuto amaso. Nthawi zina, zimatha kubweretsa khungu.

Zovuta zina za ROP ndi izi:

• maso owoloka (strabismus)
• kuwona pafupi
• kuona patali
• diso laulesi (amblyopia)
• khungu

Zovuta zochokera ku ROP sizimachitika mpaka pambuyo pake muubwana komanso ukalamba.

Nthawi zambiri mwana wanu amayesedwa ROP zimatengera mawonekedwe a diso. Nthawi zambiri, mayeso amachitika sabata iliyonse mpaka milungu iwiri mpaka ROP itachiritsidwa kapena kukhazikika. Ngati ROP ikadalipo, ndiye kuti mwana wanu adzayesedwa milungu inayi kapena isanu ndi umodzi yonse kuti awonetsetse kuti ROP sikukulira kapena kufuna chithandizo.

Makanda ambiri amafunika kupimidwa kwakanthawi, ngakhale atakhala kuti ndi ochepa. Omwe ali ndi ROP yovuta angafunikire kuyesedwa mayeso atakula.

Ana onse asanabadwe nthawi zonse amayesedwa ndikuwunika ROP kuyambira mwezi umodzi kupita mtsogolo. Ngati pali vuto lililonse, maso amayang'aniridwa sabata iliyonse. Chithandizo chimadalira mwana komanso kuuma kwa ROP. Mutha kukambirana zomwe mungachite ndi dokotala wa mwana wanu kuti mupewe kupita patsogolo.

Strabismus

Strabismus (maso owoloka) ndi vuto la diso lomwe limafala kwa ana ochepera zaka 5. Zimayambitsa kusalongosoka kwa diso limodzi kapena awiri. Zitha kubweretsa mavuto osatha ngati sapezeka ndikuchiritsidwa msanga.

Pali zifukwa zingapo zoopsa za strabismus, kuphatikiza ROP. Kafukufuku wa 2014 adawonetsa kuti kubereka mwana wocheperako kumawonjezeranso chiopsezo cha khanda lomwe likukula strabismus pambuyo pake m'moyo: Makanda obadwa osakwana magalamu 2,000, ofanana ndi mapaundi a 4.41, anali ndi mwayi wopeza 61 strabismus.

Strabismus imatha kuyambitsidwa ngati mitsempha yama cranial yomwe imayambitsa kuyenda kwa diso imakhala yofooka, kapena pali vuto ndi minofu yamaso. Mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya strabismus imakhala ndi zizindikiro zosiyanasiyana:

• Strabismus yopingasa. Mwa mtundu uwu, limodzi kapena onse awiri amatembenukira mkati. Tikhoza kunena kuti "tayang'anani". Strabismus yopingasa ingayambitsenso diso kapena maso omwe amayang'ana panja. Pankhaniyi, atha kutchedwa kuti "maso akuyang'ana khoma."
• Ofukula strabismus. Mu mtundu uwu, diso limodzi ndilokwera kapena kutsika kuposa diso labwino.

Khungu

Khungu ndi vuto linanso lomwe limakhudzana ndi kubadwa msanga. Gulu la Retinal lomwe limalumikizidwa ndi ROP nthawi zina limayambitsa izi. Ngati gululi silingadziwike, limatha kubweretsa khungu.

Mavuto ena akhungu mwa ana obadwa masiku asanakwane ndi ROP. Ana ena amabadwa opanda ziwalo zina za diso, monga diso kapena iris, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti awonongeke. Izi ndizosowa kwambiri ndipo sizofala kwenikweni mwa ana akhanda asanabadwe.

Ndi mavuto ati amkhutu omwe angapezeke mwa makanda asanakwane?

Mavuto amkhutu amathanso kuchitika kwa ana asanakwane. Ana ena amatha kukhala ndi vuto lakumva komanso kuwona. Ena atha kukhala ndi vuto lakumva popanda mavuto amaso. Zovuta zakuthupi zimakhudzanso ana akhanda asanakwane.

Matenda akumva komanso kumva ndi ena mwazinthu zomwe zimadetsa nkhawa kwambiri.

Kobadwa nako kumva

Kutaya kwakumva kwakubadwa kumatanthauza zovuta zakumva zomwe zimakhalapo pobadwa. Izi zimatha kukhudza khutu limodzi kapena makutu onse awiri, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale ugonthi pang'ono kapena wathunthu.

Nthawi zambiri makanda akumva chifukwa cha chibadwa chawo. Komabe, chiopsezo chakumva chimakulira kwambiri makanda asanakwane. Izi ndizowona makamaka ngati mayi ali ndi matenda ali ndi pakati, monga:

• herpes, kuphatikizapo mtundu wotchedwa cytomegalovirus (CMV)
• chindoko
• Chikuku cha ku Germany (rubella)
• toxoplasmosis, matenda opatsirana

Kutulutsa kwakumva kumakhudza pakati pa ana omwe ali pachiwopsezo chachikulu. Ana asanakwane amaonedwa kuti ndi oopsa.

Zovuta zathupi

Zovuta zakuthupi zamakutu sizofala ngati kumva kwakumva kwa makanda asanakwane, koma zimatha kuchitika. Izi zitha kuchitika chifukwa chodwala. Nthawi zambiri, kupezeka kwa mankhwala pa nthawi yapakati kumatha kubweretsa zovuta m'makutu mwa ana akhanda asanakwane.

Zovuta zakumva zomwe zingakhudze ana ndi awa:

• malo osazama mozungulira khutu
• zikopa, zomwe zimatha kupezeka mkatikati ndi kunja kwa khutu
• kusokonekera kwa khutu, komwe nthawi zambiri kumachitika chifukwa chromosomal issues

Kodi mavuto amaso ndi khutu amapezeka bwanji?

Ana onse obadwa kumene operekedwa muzipatala kapena malo oberekera amawunika masomphenya ndi mavuto amamva akabadwa.Komabe, makanda akhanda msanga atha kuyesedwa kuti apeze zovuta zomwe zingachitike.

Kuyesedwa kwamasomphenya

Katswiri wa maso adzawona masomphenya a mwana wanu ndikuyesa mayeso kuti aone ngati ali ndi ROP. Uyu ndi dokotala wamaso yemwe amachita bwino pochiza komanso kuzindikira mavuto amaso.

Pakati pa kuyesa kwa ROP, madontho amalowetsedwa m'maso mwa mwana kuti awatulutse. Kenako dotoloyo adzaika ophthalmoscope pamutu pawo kuti athe kuwona ma retinas a mwanayo.

Nthawi zina, adokotala amatha kukanikiza pamaso ndi chida chaching'ono kapena kujambula zithunzi za diso. Kuyesaku kudzabwerezedwa pafupipafupi kuwunika ndikuyang'ana ROP.

Dokotala wa diso la mwana wanu amathanso kuyang'ana momwe maso akuyang'ana kuti awone ngati pali strabismus.

Mayeso akumva

Ngati mwana wanu sapambana mayeso ake akumva, katswiri wa zomvetsera amatha kuwafufuza. Akatswiri ofufuza amamva bwino pozindikira komanso kuchiza zovuta zakumva. Amatha kuyesa zina kuti adziwe zovuta zakumva.

Mayeso akumva omwe angachitike ndi awa:

• Mayeso a Otoacoustic emissions (OAE). Kuyesaku kumayesa momwe khutu lamkati limamvera bwino kumamvekedwe.
• Kuyesa kwa Brainstem auditory evoked reaction (BAER). Kuyesaku kumayesa momwe mitsempha yamakutu imagwirira ntchito pogwiritsa ntchito kompyuta ndi ma elekitirodi. Maelekitirodi ndi zigamba zomata. Dokotala amalumikiza zina ndi thupi la mwana wanu. Kenako azisewera phokoso ndikulemba zomwe mwana wanu akuchita. Kuyesaku kumadziwikanso kuti kuyesedwa kwamakina oyeserera amaubongo (AABR).

Kodi mavuto amaso ndi amaso amathandizidwa bwanji?

Ana ambiri omwe ali ndi ROP samafuna chithandizo. Ngati mankhwala akufunika, madokotala a mwana wanu adzasankha za chithandizo chabwino kwambiri kwa mwana wanu. Muthanso kutsatira dokotala wa maso mwana wanu akabwera kunyumba.

Njira zotsatirazi zitha kuchiza milandu yayikulu kwambiri ya ROP:

• Kuchiza opaleshoni Zimaphatikizapo kuzizira ndikuwononga mitsempha yachilendo m'maso.
• Mankhwala a Laser amagwiritsa ntchito kuwala kwamphamvu kuti awotche ndikuchotsa mitsempha yachilendo.
• Vitrectomy amachotsa minofu yofiira m'maso.
• Mapuloteni Zimaphatikizapo kuyika gulu losinthasintha m'maso kuti muteteze gulu la retina.
• Opaleshoni ikhoza kukonza gulu lathunthu la retina.

Dokotala wa mwana wanu amatha kuchiza diso losowa pogwiritsa ntchito ma implants a opaleshoni mwana wanu akamakula.

Chithandizo cha strabismus chimadalira kukula kwa vutoli. Dokotala wa mwana wanu amathanso kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osiyanasiyana kuti akwaniritse zotsatira zake. Mankhwala omwe angagwiritsidwe ntchito pa strabismus ndi awa:

• magalasi, okhala ndi kapena opanda ma prism kuti athandizire kuwunikira
• chidutswa cha diso kuti chiyikidwe pa diso limodzi
• Zochita zamaso zolimbitsa minofu yamaso
• opaleshoni, yomwe imasungidwa mikhalidwe yoopsa kapena zinthu zomwe sizikukonzedwa ndi mankhwala ena

Kodi mavuto akumva ndi makutu amathandizidwa bwanji?

Kuyika khutu la cochlear khutu kumatha kuchitidwa pakumva kwakumva. Kukhazikika kwa cochlear ndi chida chaching'ono chamagetsi chomwe chimagwira ntchito pamagawo owonongeka a khutu. Zimathandiza kubwezeretsa kumva mwa kupereka mawu omveka ku ubongo.

Zipangizo za Cochlear sizamitundu yonse yakumva kwakumva. Lankhulani ndi dokotala wa mwana wanu kuti muwone ngati kuyika kwa cochlear kuli koyenera kwa iwo.

Dokotala wa mwana wanu angakulimbikitseni kuti:

• zothandizira kumva
• mankhwala olankhulira
• kuwerenga milomo
• chinenero chamanja

Opaleshoni nthawi zambiri imachitidwa kuti athane ndi mavuto ndikupanga khutu.

Kodi malingaliro a ana omwe ali ndi mavuto am'maso ndi makutu ndi otani?

Ana onse amayesedwa mosiyanasiyana atangobadwa, ngakhale atabadwa msanga kapena mochedwa. Komabe, mayeserowa ndi ofunikira makamaka kwa ana obadwa masiku asanakwane, chifukwa nthawi zambiri amatha kukumana ndi zovuta. Dokotala amatha kuzindikira mavuto nthawi yomweyo ndikupereka malingaliro apadera othandizira posakhalitsa komanso kwakanthawi.

Kuopsa kwamavuto amaso ndi khutu kumasiyanasiyana kwambiri pakati pa makanda asanakwane. Mwana akabadwa koyambirira, amakhala ndi mwayi wokhala ndi nkhanizi. Kuzindikira msanga ndikofunikira, makamaka popeza mavuto ena amatha kukulira pakapita nthawi. Ngakhale kuchuluka kwa chithandizo chamankhwala kumatha kusiyanasiyana, kuchitapo kanthu mwachangu kumatha kuthana ndi mavuto amaso ndi khutu.

Kwa mwana aliyense wobadwa msanga, padzakhalanso maulendo owonjezera kwa adotolo awo kuti awonetsetse kuti akukula bwino. Mwana wakhanda asanabadwe amafunikira chisamaliro chowonjezera m'masabata ndi miyezi ingapo yoyambirira ya moyo, ali ndi masomphenya kapena mavuto akumva.

Ngati mwana wanu ali ndi vuto la masomphenya, ndiye kuti mudzayendera pafupipafupi ndi ophthalmologist. Chithandizo cha zikhalidwe zakumva chimaphatikizaponso kuyendera pafupipafupi kwa womvera.

Ndikofunika kuti mupite ndi mwana wanu ku nthawi yonse yomwe amapangana. Kupimidwa kumeneku kumathandiza dotolo wawo kuti akwaniritse zovuta zilizonse koyambirira ndikuwonetsetsa kuti mwana wanu akusamalidwa bwino kuti ayambe bwino.

Kodi ndi zinthu ziti zomwe zimapezeka kwa ana omwe ali ndi vuto la maso ndi khutu?

Madokotala, manesi, ndi ogwira ntchito alipo kuti akuthandizeni. Khalani omasuka kufunsa mafunso ambiri okhudza chisamaliro ndi thanzi la mwana wanu wakhanda msanga.

Palinso magulu angapo othandizira omwe angakuthandizeni kuyankha mafunso ndikukukumbutsani kuti inu ndi mwana wanu simuli nokha. Muthanso kupeza zambiri zamagulu othandizira m'dera lanu, mwazinthu zina, kuchokera kwa wogwira ntchito yachitetezo cha khanda (NICU).