Quetiapine, piritsi yamlomo

Zamkati

• Mfundo zazikuluzikulu za quetiapine
• Machenjezo ofunikira
• Machenjezo a FDA
• Machenjezo ena
• Kodi quetiapine ndi chiyani?
• Chifukwa chimagwiritsidwa ntchito
• Momwe imagwirira ntchito
• Zotsatira za Quetiapine
• Zotsatira zofala kwambiri
• Zotsatira zoyipa
• Quetiapine imatha kulumikizana ndi mankhwala ena
• Mankhwala omwe simuyenera kugwiritsa ntchito ndi quetiapine
• Kuyanjana komwe kumawonjezera chiopsezo cha zotsatirapo
• Kuyanjana komwe kumapangitsa kuti mankhwala anu asamagwire bwino ntchito
• Machenjezo a Quetiapine
• Chenjezo la ziwengo
• Chenjezo logwirizana ndi zakumwa zoledzeretsa
• Machenjezo kwa anthu omwe ali ndi matenda ena
• Machenjezo kwa magulu ena
• Momwe mungatengere quetiapine
• Mitundu ya mankhwala ndi mphamvu
• Mlingo wa schizophrenia
• Mlingo wa matenda ochititsa munthu kusinthasintha zochitika (manic kapena zigawo zosakanikirana)
• Mlingo wa matenda ochititsa munthu kusinthasintha zochitika (kusamalira)
• Mlingo wa matenda ochititsa munthu kusinthasintha zochitika (zigawo zosautsa mtima)
• Mlingo wovutika maganizo kwambiri mwa anthu omwe atenga kale mankhwala opatsirana pogonana
• Maganizo apadera
• Mlingo machenjezo
• Tengani monga mwalamulidwa
• Zofunikira pakumwa quetiapine
• Zonse
• Yosungirako
• Zowonjezeranso
• Kuyenda
• Kudziyang'anira pawokha
• Kuwunika kuchipatala
• Ndalama zobisika
• Chilolezo chisanachitike
• Kodi pali njira zina?

Mfundo zazikuluzikulu za quetiapine

1. Mapiritsi amtundu wa Quetiapine amapezeka ngati mankhwala odziwika ngati mankhwala komanso ngati mankhwala wamba. Mayina a mayina: Seroquel ndi Seroquel XR.
2. Quetiapine imabwera m'njira ziwiri: piritsi lokamwa lomwe limatulutsidwa nthawi yomweyo komanso piritsi lakamwa lotulutsidwa nthawi yayitali. Mtundu womasulidwa pomwepo umatulutsidwa m'magazi nthawi yomweyo. Mtundu womasulidwayo umatulutsidwa pang'onopang'ono m'magazi anu pakapita nthawi.
3. Mitundu yonse iwiri ya mapiritsi a quetiapine amagwiritsidwa ntchito pochiza schizophrenia ndi bipolar disorder. Piritsi lotulutsidwalo limagwiritsidwanso ntchito kuthana ndi kukhumudwa kwakukulu kuphatikiza mankhwala opatsirana.

Machenjezo ofunikira

Machenjezo a FDA

• Mankhwalawa ali ndi machenjezo a bokosi lakuda. Awa ndi machenjezo ovuta kwambiri ochokera ku Food and Drug Administration (FDA). Machenjezo akuda akuchenjeza madokotala ndi odwala za zovuta zamankhwala zomwe zitha kukhala zowopsa.
• Kuopsa kwakufa kwa okalamba omwe ali ndi chenjezo la dementia: Quetiapine itha kuthandiza kuchepetsa zizindikilo zama psychosis mwa anthu omwe ali ndi schizophrenia. Komabe, sizivomerezedwa pochiza matenda amisala mwa okalamba omwe ali ndi matenda amisala. Mankhwala monga quetiapine amakulitsa ngozi yakufa kwa okalamba omwe ali ndi vuto la misala.
• Kuwopsa kwamalingaliro ofuna kudzipha ndi chenjezo pamakhalidwe: M'miyezi yoyambirira yothandizidwa, quetiapine imatha kukulitsa malingaliro kapena zochita zodzipha mwa ana ena, achinyamata, komanso achinyamata. Anthu omwe ali pachiwopsezo chachikulu amaphatikizapo omwe ali ndi nkhawa kapena matenda amisala, kapena omwe adakhalapo ndi malingaliro ofuna kudzipha. Anthu omwe ali ndi mbiri ya banja pazikhalidwezi nawonso ali pachiwopsezo chachikulu. Odwala a mibadwo yonse omwe ayamba kumwa mankhwala opatsirana pogonana ayenera kuyang'aniridwa ndi malingaliro atsopano kapena owonjezera ofuna kudzipha kapena machitidwe.

Machenjezo ena

• Chenjezo la Neuroleptic malignant syndrome (NMS): NMS ndichinthu chosowa koma chowopsa chomwe chitha kuchitika kwa anthu omwe amamwa mankhwala osokoneza bongo monga quetiapine. NMS itha kubweretsa imfa ndipo imayenera kuthandizidwa kuchipatala. Zizindikiro zimatha kuphatikizira kutentha thupi, thukuta kwambiri, minofu yolimba, kusokonezeka, kapena kusintha kwa kupuma, kugunda kwa mtima, kapena kuthamanga kwa magazi. Mukadwala kwambiri ndi izi, itanani 911 nthawi yomweyo.
• Chenjezo la kusintha kwa kagayidwe kake: Quetiapine imatha kusintha momwe thupi lanu limagwirira ntchito. Mutha kukhala ndi hyperglycemia (shuga wambiri wamagazi), cholesterol yowonjezera ndi triglycerides (mafuta m'magazi), kapena kunenepa. Shuga wamagazi amatha kupezeka mwa anthu omwe ali ndi matenda a shuga kapena alibe. Zizindikiro zimatha kuphatikizira kumva ludzu kapena njala, kufuna kukodza kwambiri kuposa masiku onse, kufooka kapena kutopa, kapena kukhala ndi mpweya wonunkhira. Dokotala wanu adzakuyang'anirani chifukwa cha kusintha kwa kagayidwe kameneka.
• Chenjezo la Tardive dyskinesia: Quetiapine imatha kuyambitsa tardive dyskinesia. Ichi ndi vuto lalikulu lomwe limayambitsa kuyenda kwa nkhope, lilime, kapena ziwalo zina za thupi zomwe simungathe kuzilamulira. Tardive dyskinesia mwina sichitha ngakhale mutasiya kumwa quetiapine. Zitha kuyambanso mukasiya kumwa mankhwalawa.

Kodi quetiapine ndi chiyani?

Quetiapine ndi mankhwala omwe mumalandira. Zimabwera ngati piritsi lomwe mumamwa. Pali mitundu iwiri ya piritsi. Mtundu womasulidwa pomwepo umatulutsidwa m'magazi nthawi yomweyo. Mtundu womasulidwayo umatulutsidwa pang'onopang'ono m'magazi anu pakapita nthawi.

Quetiapine imapezeka ngati mankhwala osokoneza bongo Masewera (piritsi lotulutsa mwachangu) ndi Seroquel XR (piritsi lotulutsa). Mitundu yonseyi imapezekanso ngati mankhwala achibadwa. Mankhwala achibadwa nthawi zambiri amakhala otsika poyerekeza ndi mtundu wamaina. Nthawi zina, sangapezeke mwamphamvu iliyonse kapena mawonekedwe aliwonse monga mankhwala omwe amadziwika ndi dzina.

Quetiapine itha kugwiritsidwa ntchito ngati njira imodzi yophatikizira. Izi zikutanthauza kuti mungafunike kumwa mankhwala ena.

Chifukwa chimagwiritsidwa ntchito

Piritsi lamlomo la Quetiapine limagwiritsidwa ntchito pochiza matenda a schizophrenia, matenda ochititsa munthu kusinthasintha zochitika, kapena kukhumudwa.

Quetiapine itha kugwiritsidwa ntchito kuthana ndi zizindikilo za akulu omwe ali ndi zipsinjo zokhumudwitsa kapena manic episheni oyambitsidwa ndi matenda a bipolar I. Pazigawozi, zitha kugwiritsidwa ntchito zokha kapena ndi mankhwala a lithiamu kapena divalproex. Itha kugwiritsidwanso ntchito ndi lithiamu kapena divalproex yochiza matenda a bipolar I kwa nthawi yayitali. Quetiapine itha kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwa ana azaka zapakati pa 10-17 zaka zothana ndimanic omwe amayambitsidwa ndi matenda ochititsa munthu kusinthasintha zochitika.

Chifukwa cha kukhumudwa kwakukulu, quetiapine imagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati chowonjezera kwa anthu omwe amamwa kale mankhwala osokoneza bongo. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito dokotala akamasankha kuti munthu wodetsa nkhawa yekha sangakhale wokwanira kuthana ndi vuto lanu.

Momwe imagwirira ntchito

Quetiapine ndi gulu la mankhwala otchedwa atypical antipsychotic. Gulu la mankhwala ndi gulu la mankhwala omwe amagwiranso ntchito chimodzimodzi. Mankhwalawa amagwiritsidwa ntchito pochiza zofananira.

Sizikudziwika momwe mankhwalawa amagwirira ntchito. Komabe, akuganiza kuti zimathandizira kuwongolera kuchuluka kwa mankhwala ena (dopamine ndi serotonin) muubongo wanu kuti muwongolere matenda anu.

Zotsatira za Quetiapine

Piritsi la Quetiapine likhoza kuyambitsa tulo. Zitha kupanganso zovuta zina.

Zotsatira zofala kwambiri

Zotsatira zoyipa za mankhwalawa zimasiyana pang'ono kutengera mtundu wa mankhwalawo.

Zotsatira zofala kwambiri zamapiritsi omwe amatulutsidwa mwachangu atha kukhala:

• pakamwa pouma
• chizungulire
• ululu m'mimba mwanu
• kudzimbidwa
• nseru
• kusanza
• kunenepa
• kuchuluka kwa njala
• chikhure
• vuto kusuntha
• kugunda kwamtima mwachangu
• kufooka

Zotsatira zofala kwambiri zamapiritsi otulutsidwa atha kukhala:

• pakamwa pouma
• kudzimbidwa
• chizungulire
• kuchuluka kwa njala
• kukhumudwa m'mimba
• kutopa
• mphuno yodzaza
• vuto kusuntha

Ngati zotsatirazi ndizochepa, zimatha kutha masiku angapo kapena milungu ingapo. Ngati ali ovuta kwambiri kapena osapita, lankhulani ndi dokotala kapena wamankhwala.

Zotsatira zoyipa

Itanani dokotala wanu nthawi yomweyo ngati muli ndi zovuta zina. Itanani 911 ngati zizindikiro zanu zikuwopseza moyo kapena ngati mukuganiza kuti mukukumana ndi vuto lachipatala. Zotsatira zoyipa komanso zizindikilo zake zimatha kukhala izi:

• Maganizo kapena zochita zodzipha
• Matenda oopsa a Neuroleptic. Zizindikiro zimatha kuphatikiza:
  • malungo akulu
  • thukuta kwambiri
  • minofu yolimba
  • chisokonezo
  • kusintha kwa kupuma kwanu, kugunda kwa mtima, ndi kuthamanga kwa magazi
• Hyperglycemia (shuga wambiri wamagazi). Zizindikiro zimatha kuphatikiza:
  • ludzu lokwanira
  • kukodza pafupipafupi
  • njala yayikulu
  • kufooka kapena kutopa
  • kukhumudwa m'mimba
  • chisokonezo
  • Mpweya wonunkhira bwino
• Kuchulukitsa cholesterol ndi triglycerides (kuchuluka kwamafuta ambiri m'magazi anu)
• Kulemera
• Tardive dyskinesia. Zizindikiro zimatha kuphatikiza:
  • mayendedwe omwe simungathe kuwongolera pamaso, lilime, kapena ziwalo zina za thupi
• Orthostatic hypotension (kuchepa kwa magazi mukamakwera mwachangu mukakhala kapena kugona). Zizindikiro zimatha kuphatikiza:
  • mutu wopepuka
  • kukomoka
  • chizungulire
• Kuchuluka kwa kuthamanga kwa magazi kwa ana ndi achinyamata
• Kuchuluka kwa maselo oyera a magazi. Zizindikiro zimatha kuphatikiza:
  • malungo
  • matenda
• Kupunduka. Zizindikiro zimatha kuphatikiza:
  • mitambo ya diso lako
  • kusawona bwino
  • kutaya masomphenya
• Kugwidwa
• Minyewa yachilendo ya chithokomiro (monga momwe dokotala angayesere)
• Kuchuluka kwa milingo ya prolactin wamagazi. Zizindikiro zimatha kuphatikiza:
  • kukulitsa mawere (mwa amuna ndi akazi)
  • Kutulutsa kwamkaka kuchokera kubere la m'mawere (mwa akazi)
  • Kulephera kwa erectile
  • kusamba kwa msambo
• Kuchuluka kwa kutentha kwa thupi
• Vuto kumeza
• Kuopsa kwaimfa chifukwa cha sitiroko kwa okalamba omwe ali ndi matenda amisala

Chodzikanira: Cholinga chathu ndikukupatsani chidziwitso chofunikira kwambiri komanso chaposachedwa. Komabe, chifukwa mankhwala amakhudza munthu aliyense mosiyanasiyana, sitingatsimikizire kuti izi zimaphatikizaponso zovuta zonse zomwe zingachitike. Izi sizilowa m'malo mwa upangiri wa zamankhwala. Nthawi zonse muzikambirana mavuto omwe angakhalepo ndi othandizira azaumoyo omwe amadziwa mbiri yanu yazachipatala.

Quetiapine imatha kulumikizana ndi mankhwala ena

Piritsi la Quetiapine limatha kulumikizana ndi mankhwala ena, mavitamini, kapena zitsamba zomwe mwina mukumwa. Kulumikizana ndi pamene chinthu chimasintha momwe mankhwala amagwirira ntchito. Izi zitha kukhala zowononga kapena kuletsa mankhwalawa kuti asagwire ntchito bwino.

Pofuna kupewa kuyanjana, dokotala ayenera kuyang'anira mankhwala anu onse mosamala. Onetsetsani kuuza dokotala wanu za mankhwala onse, mavitamini, kapena zitsamba zomwe mukumwa. Kuti mudziwe momwe mankhwalawa angagwirizane ndi china chake chomwe mumatenga, lankhulani ndi dokotala kapena wamankhwala.

Zitsanzo za mankhwala omwe angayambitse kuyanjana ndi quetiapine alembedwa pansipa.

Mankhwala omwe simuyenera kugwiritsa ntchito ndi quetiapine

Musamwe mankhwalawa ndi quetiapine. Kuchita izi kumatha kuyambitsa mavuto amtundu wamtima omwe angayambitse imfa mwadzidzidzi. Zitsanzo za mankhwalawa ndi monga:

• Mankhwala osokoneza bongo monga quinidine, procainamide, amiodarone kapena sotalol
• Mankhwala oletsa antipsychotic monga ziprasidone, chlorpromazine, kapena thioridazine
• Maantibayotiki monga gatifloxacin kapena moxifloxacin
• Pentamidine
• Methadone

Kuyanjana komwe kumawonjezera chiopsezo cha zotsatirapo

• Kuchuluka mavuto obwera chifukwa cha mankhwala ena: Kumwa quetiapine ndi mankhwala ena kumawonjezera chiopsezo chanu ku zotsatirapo za mankhwalawa. Zitsanzo za mankhwalawa ndi monga:
  • Benzodiazepines monga alprazolam, clonazepam, diazepam, chlordiazepoxide kapena lorazepam. Mutha kukhala kuti mwayamba kuwodzera.
  • Zotulutsa minofu monga baclofen, cyclobenzaprine, methocarbamol, tizanidine, carisoprodol, kapena metaxalone. Mutha kukhala kuti mwayamba kuwodzera.
  • Mankhwala opweteka monga morphine, oxycodone, fentanyl, hydrocodone, tramadol, kapena codeine. Mutha kukhala kuti mwayamba kuwodzera.
  • Antihistamines monga hydroxyzine, diphenhydramine, chlorpheniramine, kapena brompheniramine. Mutha kukhala kuti mwayamba kuwodzera.
  • Sedative / hypnotics monga zolpidem kapena eszopiclone. Mutha kukhala kuti mwayamba kuwodzera.
  • Barbiturates monga phenobarbital. Mutha kukhala kuti mwayamba kuwodzera.
  • Antihypertensives monga amlodipine, lisinopril, losartan, kapena metoprolol. Kuthamanga kwa magazi kwanu kumatha kutsika kwambiri.
• Zowonjezera zoyipa kuchokera ku quetiapine: Kumwa quetiapine ndi mankhwala ena kumawonjezera chiopsezo chanu ku zotsatira za quetiapine. Izi ndichifukwa choti kuchuluka kwa quetiapine mthupi lanu kumatha kuchuluka. Mukamwa mankhwalawa ndi quetiapine, dokotala wanu amachepetsa kuchuluka kwanu kwa quetiapine. Zitsanzo za mankhwalawa ndi monga:
  • Mankhwala osokoneza bongo monga ketoconazole kapena itraconazole
  • Mankhwala a HIV monga indinavir kapena ritonavir
  • Ma anti-depressants monga nefazodone kapena fluoxetine

Kuyanjana komwe kumapangitsa kuti mankhwala anu asamagwire bwino ntchito

• Pamene quetiapine sagwira bwino ntchito: Pamene quetiapine imagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi mankhwala ena, mwina singagwire ntchito mothandizidwa ndi matenda anu. Izi ndichifukwa choti kuchuluka kwa quetiapine mthupi lanu kumatha kutsika. Mukamwa mankhwalawa ndi quetiapine, dokotala akhoza kuwonjezera kuchuluka kwanu kwa quetiapine. Zitsanzo za mankhwalawa ndi monga:
  • Ma anticonvulsants monga phenytoin kapena carbamazepine
  • Rifampin
  • Wort wa St.
• Pamene mankhwala ena sagwira ntchito: Mankhwala ena akagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi quetiapine, atha kugwiranso ntchito. Zitsanzo za mankhwalawa ndi monga:
  • Mankhwala a Parkinson monga levodopa, pramipexole, kapena ropinirole. Quetiapine ikhoza kuletsa zovuta za mankhwala anu a Parkinson. Izi zingayambitse kuwonjezeka kwa zizindikiro zanu za matenda a Parkinson.

Chodzikanira: Cholinga chathu ndikukupatsani chidziwitso chofunikira kwambiri komanso chaposachedwa. Komabe, chifukwa mankhwala amagwirira ntchito mosiyanasiyana mwa munthu aliyense, sitingatsimikizire kuti izi zikuphatikizira kulumikizana kulikonse kotheka. Izi sizilowa m'malo mwa upangiri wa zamankhwala. Nthawi zonse lankhulani ndi omwe amakuthandizani pa zaumoyo momwe mungachitire ndi mankhwala, mavitamini, zitsamba ndi zowonjezera, komanso mankhwala omwe mumamwa.

Machenjezo a Quetiapine

Mankhwalawa amabwera ndi machenjezo angapo.

Chenjezo la ziwengo

Quetiapine imatha kuyambitsa vuto lalikulu. Zizindikiro zimatha kuphatikiza:

• kuvuta kupuma
• kutupa pakhosi kapena lilime

Mukakhala ndi zizindikilozi, itanani 911 kapena pitani kuchipinda chadzidzidzi chapafupi.

Musatengerenso mankhwalawa ngati munakhalapo ndi vuto linalake. Kutenganso kumatha kukhala koopsa (kuyambitsa imfa).

Chenjezo logwirizana ndi zakumwa zoledzeretsa

Quetiapine imatha kuyambitsa tulo. Kugwiritsa ntchito zakumwa zomwe zili ndi mowa kumabweretsa chiopsezo ku zotsatirazi. Mukamamwa mowa, kambiranani ndi dokotala ngati mankhwalawa ndi abwino kwa inu.

Machenjezo kwa anthu omwe ali ndi matenda ena

Kwa anthu omwe ali ndi matenda ashuga kapena shuga wambiri wamagazi: Quetiapine imatha kukulitsa shuga m'magazi, zomwe zitha kukulitsa vuto lanu. Shuga wamagazi wambiri atha kubweretsa chikomokere kapena imfa. Ngati muli ndi matenda ashuga kapena zoopsa za matenda ashuga, kambiranani ndi dokotala wanu. Ayenera kuwunika shuga wanu wamagazi musanamwe komanso mukamamwa mankhwala a quetiapine.

Kwa anthu omwe ali ndi hyperlipidemia (mafuta ambiri m'magazi): Quetiapine imachulukitsa mafuta (cholesterol ndi triglycerides) m'magazi anu. Mafuta okwera amachititsa kuti mukhale ndi chiopsezo cha matenda a mtima ndi kupwetekedwa mtima. Magulu apamwambawa samayambitsa zizindikiro. Chifukwa chake, adotolo angawone cholesterol yamagazi anu ndi triglycerides mukamalandira quetiapine.

Kwa anthu omwe ali ndi vuto lotsika kapena kuthamanga kwa magazi: Quetiapine imatha kukulitsa kuthamanga kwa magazi kapena kuthamanga kwa magazi. Ikhozanso kuwonjezera kuthamanga kwa magazi kwa ana komanso achinyamata. Dokotala wanu ayenera kuyang'anira kuthamanga kwa magazi mukamamwa quetiapine.

Kwa anthu omwe ali ndi kuchuluka kwama cell oyera: Quetiapine imachepetsa kuchuluka kwama cell oyera oyera kwambiri. Dokotala wanu ayenera kuyang'anira kuchuluka kwama cell oyera nthawi zambiri mukamalandira chithandizo miyezi ingapo. Izi zitha kuwonetsetsa kuti quetiapine sikukuchepetsa kuchuluka kwama cell oyera.

Kwa anthu omwe ali ndi ng'ala: Quetiapine imatha kukulitsa khungu lanu. Dokotala wanu adzakuyang'anirani ngati mukusintha m'maso mwanu. Adzayang'ana m'maso mwanu mukayamba mankhwala komanso miyezi isanu ndi umodzi iliyonse mukamalandira chithandizo.

Kwa anthu ogwidwa: Kugwidwa kwachitika kwa odwala omwe alibe kapena opanda khunyu akamamwa quetiapine. Quetiapine imapangitsa kuti zikhale zovuta kuchepetsa kugwidwa kwa anthu omwe ali ndi khunyu. Dokotala wanu ayenera kukuyang'anirani kuti muwonjezere kugwidwa mukamamwa mankhwalawa.

Kwa anthu omwe ali ndi hypothyroidism (otsika chithokomiro): Quetiapine imatha kutsitsa mahomoni a chithokomiro ndikuwonjezera vuto lomwe muli nalo. Dokotala wanu ayenera kuyang'anitsitsa kuchuluka kwa mahomoni a chithokomiro chamagazi musanachitike komanso mukamamwa mankhwalawa.

Kwa anthu omwe ali ndi mavuto amtima: Funsani dokotala ngati mankhwalawa ndi abwino kwa inu. Mankhwalawa amachulukitsa chiopsezo chazovuta zamtima.

Kwa anthu omwe ali ndi vuto la chiwindi: Quetiapine imagawanika mthupi ndi chiwindi. Zotsatira zake, anthu omwe ali ndi vuto la chiwindi atha kukhala kuti awonjezera kuchuluka kwamagazi a mankhwalawa. Izi zimawonjezera chiopsezo cha zotsatirapo za mankhwalawa.

Machenjezo kwa magulu ena

Kwa amayi apakati: Quetiapine ndi gulu C lokhala ndi pakati. Izi zikutanthauza zinthu ziwiri:

1. Kafukufuku wazinyama awonetsa zovuta kwa mwana wosabadwa mayi atamwa mankhwalawo.
2. Sipanakhale maphunziro okwanira omwe adachitika mwa anthu kuti atsimikizire momwe mankhwalawo angakhudzire mwana wosabadwayo.

Lankhulani ndi dokotala ngati muli ndi pakati kapena mukukonzekera kutenga pakati. Mankhwalawa ayenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito pokhapokha phindu lomwe lingakhalepo likutsimikizira kuwopsa kwake.

Kwa amayi omwe akuyamwitsa: Quetiapine imatha kulowa mkaka wa m'mawere ndipo imatha kuyambitsa zovuta zina kwa mwana yemwe akuyamwitsa. Lankhulani ndi dokotala ngati mukuyamwitsa mwana wanu. Muyenera kusankha kuti musiye kuyamwa kapena kusiya kumwa mankhwalawa.

Kwa okalamba: Impso ndi ziwindi za okalamba sizigwira ntchito kale. Izi zitha kupangitsa kuti thupi lanu lizigwiritsa ntchito mankhwala pang'onopang'ono. Zotsatira zake, kuchuluka kwamankhwala kumakhalabe mthupi lanu nthawi yayitali. Izi zimawonjezera chiopsezo chanu chazovuta.

Kwa ana:

• Matenda achizungu
  • Magawo: Mankhwalawa sanaphunzire mwa ana pachifukwa ichi. Sayenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwa ana ochepera zaka 13.
• Bipolar I mania
  • Magawo: Mankhwalawa sanaphunzire mwa ana pachifukwa ichi. Sayenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwa ana ochepera zaka 10.
• Matenda a bipolar, magawo okhumudwitsa: Mankhwalawa sanaphunzire mwa ana pachifukwa ichi. Sayenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwa ana ochepera zaka 18.
• Matenda akulu okhumudwa omwe amathandizidwa ndi antidepressants: Mankhwalawa sanaphunzire mwa ana pachifukwa ichi. Sayenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwa ana ochepera zaka 18.

Momwe mungatengere quetiapine

Mlingo uliwonse wotheka ndi mitundu ya mankhwala sizingaphatikizidwe pano. Mlingo wanu, mawonekedwe a mankhwala, komanso kuchuluka kwa momwe mumamwa mankhwalawo zimadalira:

• zaka zanu
• matenda omwe akuchiritsidwa
• kuopsa kwa matenda anu
• Matenda ena omwe muli nawo
• momwe mumachitira ndi mankhwala oyamba

Mitundu ya mankhwala ndi mphamvu

Zowonjezera: Quetiapine

• Mawonekedwe: piritsi yamlomo yotulutsidwa mwachangu
• Mphamvu: 25 mg, 50 mg, 100 mg, 200 mg, 300 mg, ndi 400 mg
• Mawonekedwe: piritsi yamlomo yotulutsidwa
• Mphamvu: 50 mg, 150 mg, 200 mg, 300 mg, ndi 400 mg

Mtundu: Masewera

• Mawonekedwe: piritsi yamlomo yotulutsidwa mwachangu
• Mphamvu: 25 mg, 50 mg, 100 mg, 200 mg, 300 mg, ndi 400 mg

Mtundu: Seroquel XR

• Mawonekedwe: piritsi yamlomo yotulutsidwa
• Mphamvu: 50 mg, 150 mg, 200 mg, 300 mg, ndi 400 mg

Mlingo wa schizophrenia

Mlingo wa akulu (zaka 18-64 zaka)

Mapiritsi otulutsa nthawi yomweyo

• Mlingo woyambira:
  • Tsiku 1: 25 mg kawiri tsiku lililonse.
  • Masiku 2 ndi 3: Dokotala wanu adzawonjezera mlingo wanu ndi 25-50 mg. Mlingo wonse uyenera kutengedwa kawiri kapena katatu tsiku lililonse.
  • Tsiku 4: 300-400 mg tsiku lililonse, amatengedwa muyezo wa 2 kapena 3 wogawanika.
• Mlingo ukuwonjezeka:
  • Dokotala wanu akhoza kuwonjezera mlingo wanu mobwerezabwereza kuposa masiku awiri aliwonse. Kuwonjezeka kungakhale 25-50 mg yowonjezera pamlingo wanu wakale. Mlingo wonse ungatengedwe kawiri tsiku lililonse.
  • Mulingo woyesedwa ndi 150-750 mg patsiku.
• Mlingo wa kukonza: Dokotala wanu akhoza kukupatsani mankhwalawa kuti muthandize kuwongolera zizindikilo nthawi zonse. Mulingo wothandizila kuti mugwiritse ntchito ndi 400-800 mg patsiku, womwe umatengedwa mu 2 kapena 3 ya magawo awiri.
• Zolemba malire mlingo: 800 mg patsiku, amatengedwa mu 2 kapena 3 milingo yogawanika.

Mapiritsi omasulidwa

• Mlingo woyambira: 300 mg kamodzi patsiku.
• Mlingo ukuwonjezeka: Dokotala wanu akhoza kukulitsa mlingo wanu tsiku lililonse osaposa 300 mg kamodzi patsiku. Mulingo woyesedwa ndi 400-800 mg kamodzi patsiku.
• Zolemba malire mlingo: 800 mg pa tsiku.

Mlingo waukulu (wazaka 65 kapena kupitirira)

Dokotala wanu akhoza kukuyambitsani pamlingo wotsika kapena dongosolo lina la dosing. Izi zitha kuthandiza kuti mankhwalawa asakule kwambiri mthupi lanu. Dokotala wanu akhoza kukuyambitsani pamlingo wa 50 mg tsiku lililonse. Mutha kuonjezera pambuyo pake, ndikuwonjezera 50 mg pamlingo wanu watsiku ndi tsiku. Mlingowo ukhoza kuwonjezeka pang'onopang'ono, ndipo mlingo wochepa tsiku ndi tsiku ungagwiritsidwe ntchito pochepetsa chiopsezo cha zotsatirapo.

Mlingo wa ana (zaka 0-17 zaka)

ZOCHITIKA ZA SCHIZOPHRENIA

Mlingo wa ana (zaka 13-17 zaka)

Mapiritsi otulutsa nthawi yomweyo

• Mlingo woyambira:
  • Tsiku 1: 25 mg kawiri tsiku lililonse.
  • Tsiku 2: 100 mg patsiku, otengedwa m'magulu awiri tsiku lililonse.
  • Tsiku 3: 200 mg patsiku, amatengedwa m'mitundu iwiri kawiri patsiku.
  • Tsiku 4: 300 mg patsiku, amatengedwa m'mitundu iwiri kawiri patsiku.
  • Tsiku 5: 400 mg patsiku, amatengedwa m'mitundu iwiri kawiri patsiku.
• Mlingo ukuwonjezeka: Dokotala wanu akhoza kuwonjezera mlingo wa mwana wanu osapitirira 100 mg patsiku. Mulingo woyenera wa mlingo ndi 400-800 mg patsiku, wotengedwa mu 2 kapena 3 magawo atatu.
• Zolemba malire mlingo: 800 mg patsiku, amatengedwa mu 2 kapena 3 milingo yogawanika.

Mapiritsi omasulidwa

Mlingo woyambira:

• Tsiku 1: 50 mg kamodzi patsiku.
• Tsiku 2: 100 mg kamodzi patsiku.
• Tsiku 3: 200 mg kamodzi patsiku.
• Tsiku 4: 300 mg kamodzi patsiku.
• Tsiku 5: 400 mg kamodzi tsiku lililonse.

Mlingo wa ana (zaka 0-12 zaka)

Sizinatsimikiziridwe kuti quetiapine ndiyotetezeka komanso yothandiza kugwiritsa ntchito izi kwa ana ochepera zaka 13.

SCHIZOPHRENIA KUSINTHA

Mlingo wa ana (zaka 0-17 zaka)

Mankhwalawa sanaphunzirepo ana kuti agwiritse ntchito izi. Sayenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwa ana ochepera zaka 18.

Mlingo wa matenda ochititsa munthu kusinthasintha zochitika (manic kapena zigawo zosakanikirana)

Mlingo wa akulu (zaka 18-64 zaka)

Mapiritsi otulutsa nthawi yomweyo

• Mlingo woyambira:
  • Tsiku 1: 100 mg patsiku, amatengedwa m'mitundu iwiri kawiri patsiku.
  • Tsiku 2: 200 mg patsiku, amatengedwa m'magulu awiri tsiku lililonse.
  • Tsiku 3: 300 mg patsiku, amatengedwa m'mitundu iwiri kawiri patsiku.
  • Tsiku 4: 400 mg patsiku, amatengedwa m'mitundu iwiri kawiri patsiku.
• Mlingo ukuwonjezeka: Dokotala wanu akhoza kuwonjezera mlingo wanu osaposa 200 mg patsiku.
• Mlingo wa kukonza: Dokotala wanu akhoza kukupatsani mankhwalawa kuti muthandize kuwongolera zizindikilo nthawi zonse. Mulingo wothandizila kuti mugwiritse ntchito ndi 400-800 mg patsiku, womwe umatengedwa mu 2 kapena 3 ya magawo awiri.
• Zolemba malire mlingo: 800 mg pa tsiku, anatengedwa mu 2 kapena 3 Mlingo anagawa.

Mapiritsi omasulidwa

• Mlingo woyambira:
  • Tsiku 1: 300 mg kamodzi patsiku.
  • Tsiku 2: 600 mg kamodzi patsiku.
  • Tsiku 3: 400-800 mg kamodzi patsiku.
• Mlingo ukuwonjezeka: Dokotala wanu akhoza kusintha mlingo wanu mkati mwa 400-800 mg kamodzi patsiku.
• Zolemba malire mlingo: 800 mg kamodzi patsiku.

Mlingo waukulu (wazaka 65 kapena kupitirira)

Dokotala wanu akhoza kukuyambitsani pamlingo wotsika kapena dongosolo lina la dosing. Izi zitha kuthandiza kuti mankhwalawa asakule kwambiri mthupi lanu. Dokotala wanu akhoza kukuyambitsani pamlingo wa 50 mg tsiku lililonse. Mutha kuonjezera pambuyo pake, ndikuwonjezera 50 mg pamlingo wanu watsiku ndi tsiku. Mlingowo ukhoza kuwonjezeka pang'onopang'ono, ndipo mlingo wochepa tsiku ndi tsiku ungagwiritsidwe ntchito pochepetsa chiopsezo cha zotsatirapo.

Mlingo wa ana (zaka 10-17 zaka)

Mapiritsi otulutsa nthawi yomweyo

• Mlingo woyambira:
  • Tsiku 1: 25 mg kawiri tsiku lililonse.
  • Tsiku 2: 100 mg patsiku, otengedwa m'magulu awiri tsiku lililonse.
  • Tsiku 3: 200 mg patsiku, amatengedwa m'mitundu iwiri kawiri patsiku.
  • Tsiku 4: 300 mg patsiku, amatengedwa m'mitundu iwiri kawiri patsiku.
  • Tsiku 5: 400 mg patsiku, amatengedwa m'mitundu iwiri kawiri patsiku.
• Mlingo ukuwonjezeka: Dokotala wanu akhoza kuwonjezera mlingo wanu osapitirira 100 mg patsiku. Mulingo woyenera wa mlingo ndi 400-600 mg patsiku womwe umagawidwa kawiri konse patsiku.
• Zolemba malire mlingo: 600 mg pa tsiku mu 2 kapena 3 ya magawo ogawanika.

Mapiritsi omasulidwa

• Mlingo woyambira:
  • Tsiku 1: 50 mg kamodzi patsiku.
  • Tsiku 2: 100 mg kamodzi patsiku.
  • Tsiku 3: 200 mg kamodzi patsiku.
  • Tsiku 4: 300 mg kamodzi patsiku.
  • Tsiku 5: 400 mg kamodzi patsiku.
• Mlingo ukuwonjezeka: Dokotala wanu akhoza kusintha mlingo wanu, mkati mwa mlingo woyenera wa 400-600 mg kamodzi patsiku.
• Zolemba malire mlingo: 600 mg kamodzi patsiku.

Mlingo wa ana (zaka 0-9 zaka)

Sizinatsimikiziridwe kuti quetiapine ndiyotetezeka komanso yothandiza kugwiritsa ntchito izi kwa ana ochepera zaka 10.

Mlingo wa matenda ochititsa munthu kusinthasintha zochitika (kusamalira)

Mlingo wa ana (zaka 0-17 zaka)

Sizinatsimikiziridwe kuti quetiapine ndiyotetezeka komanso yothandiza kugwiritsa ntchito izi kwa ana ochepera zaka 18.

Mlingo wa matenda ochititsa munthu kusinthasintha zochitika (zigawo zosautsa mtima)

Mlingo wa akulu (zaka 18-64 zaka)

Mapiritsi otulutsa nthawi yomweyo

• Mlingo woyambira:
  • Tsiku 1: 50 mg tsiku lililonse, amatengedwa nthawi yogona.
  • Tsiku 2: 100 mg tsiku lililonse, amatengedwa nthawi yogona.
  • Tsiku 3: 200 mg tsiku lililonse, amatengedwa nthawi yogona.
  • Tsiku 4: 300 mg tsiku lililonse, amatengedwa nthawi yogona.
• Zolemba malire mlingo: 300 mg tsiku lililonse, amatengedwa nthawi yogona.

Mapiritsi omasulidwa

• Mlingo woyambira:
  • Tsiku 1: 50 mg kamodzi tsiku lililonse pogona.
  • Tsiku 2: 100 mg kamodzi tsiku lililonse pogona.
  • Tsiku 3: 200 mg kamodzi tsiku lililonse pogona.
  • Tsiku 4: 300 mg kamodzi tsiku lililonse pogona.
• Zolemba malire mlingo: 300 mg kamodzi tsiku lililonse pogona.

Mlingo waukulu (wazaka 65 kapena kupitirira)

Dokotala wanu akhoza kukuyambitsani pamlingo wotsika kapena dongosolo lina la dosing. Izi zitha kuthandiza kuti mankhwalawa asakule kwambiri mthupi lanu. Dokotala wanu akhoza kukuyambitsani pamlingo wa 50 mg tsiku lililonse. Mutha kuonjezera pambuyo pake, ndikuwonjezera 50 mg pamlingo wanu watsiku ndi tsiku. Mlingowo ukhoza kuwonjezeka pang'onopang'ono, ndipo mlingo wochepa tsiku ndi tsiku ungagwiritsidwe ntchito pochepetsa chiopsezo cha zotsatirapo.

Mlingo wa ana (zaka 0-17 zaka)

Sizinatsimikiziridwe kuti quetiapine ndiyotetezeka komanso yothandiza kugwiritsa ntchito izi kwa ana ochepera zaka 18.

Mlingo wovutika maganizo kwambiri mwa anthu omwe atenga kale mankhwala opatsirana pogonana

Mapiritsi omasulidwa

Mlingo wa akulu (zaka 18-64 zaka)

• Mlingo woyambira:
  • Masiku 1 ndi 2: 50 mg kamodzi tsiku lililonse.
  • Tsiku 3: 150 mg kamodzi patsiku.
• Mlingo ukuwonjezeka: Dokotala wanu akhoza kusintha mlingo wanu, mkati mwa 150-300 mg kamodzi patsiku.
• Zolemba malire mlingo: 300 mg kamodzi tsiku lililonse.

Mlingo waukulu (wazaka 65 kapena kupitirira)

Dokotala wanu akhoza kukuyambitsani pamlingo wotsika kapena dongosolo lina la dosing. Izi zitha kuthandiza kuti mankhwalawa asakule kwambiri mthupi lanu. Dokotala wanu akhoza kukuyambitsani pamlingo wa 50 mg tsiku lililonse. Mutha kuonjezera pambuyo pake, ndikuwonjezera 50 mg pamlingo wanu watsiku ndi tsiku. Mlingowo ukhoza kuwonjezeka pang'onopang'ono, ndipo mlingo wochepa tsiku ndi tsiku ungagwiritsidwe ntchito pochepetsa chiopsezo cha zotsatirapo.

Mlingo wa ana (zaka 0-17 zaka)

Sizinatsimikiziridwe kuti quetiapine ndiyotetezeka komanso yothandiza kugwiritsa ntchito izi kwa ana ochepera zaka 18.

Maganizo apadera

• Kwa anthu omwe ali ndi matenda a chiwindi: Dokotala wanu ayenera kuyamba mlingo wanu pa 25 mg tsiku ndi tsiku. Mlingowu ukhoza kuwonjezeka ndi 25-50 mg tsiku lililonse.
• Gwiritsani ntchito mankhwala otchedwa CYP3A4 inhibitors: Mlingo wa Quetiapine uyenera kutsitsidwa mpaka gawo limodzi mwa chisanu ndi chimodzi cha muyeso woyambirira ukaperekedwa ndi mankhwala ena otchedwa CYP3A4 inhibitors. Funsani dokotala kapena wamankhwala ngati mukumwa choletsa cha CYP3A4. Zitsanzo za mankhwalawa ndi monga ketoconazole, itraconazole, indinavir, ritonavir, kapena nefazodone. CYP3A4 inhibitor ikayimitsidwa, mlingo wa quetiapine uyenera kuwonjezeredwa ndi kasanu ndi kamodzi mlingo wapitawo.
• Gwiritsani ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo otchedwa CYP3A4 inducers: Mlingo wa Quetiapine uyenera kuwonjezeredwa kasanu mlingo woyambirira ukaperekedwa ndi mankhwala ena otchedwa inducers a CYP3A4. Funsani dokotala wanu kapena wamankhwala ngati mukumwa mankhwala a CYP3A4. Zitsanzo za mankhwalawa ndi monga phenytoin, carbamazepine, rifampin, kapena wort ya St. Inducer ya CYP3A4 itayimitsidwa, mlingo wa quetiapine uyenera kuchepetsedwa kukhala mlingo woyambirira m'masiku 7-14.

Mlingo machenjezo

Ngati mwasiya quetiapine kwa nthawi yoposa sabata imodzi, muyenera kuyambiranso pamlingo wotsika. Mlingowo udzafunika kukulitsidwa malingana ndi nthawi yomwe mumayambira mankhwalawo.

Chodzikanira: Cholinga chathu ndikukupatsani chidziwitso chofunikira kwambiri komanso chaposachedwa. Komabe, chifukwa mankhwala osokoneza bongo amakhudza munthu aliyense mosiyanasiyana, sitingatsimikizire kuti mndandandawu umaphatikizira miyezo yonse yotheka. Izi sizilowa m'malo mwa upangiri wa zamankhwala. Nthawi zonse lankhulani ndi dokotala kapena wamankhwala za mlingo woyenera kwa inu.

Tengani monga mwalamulidwa

Piritsi la Quetiapine limagwiritsidwa ntchito pochiza matendawa kwa nthawi yayitali. Zimabwera ndi zoopsa zazikulu ngati simukuzitenga monga mwalamulo.

Mukasiya kumwa mankhwala mwadzidzidzi kapena osamwa konse: Matenda anu akhoza kukulirakulira. Mukasiya kumwa quetiapine mwadzidzidzi, mungakhalenso ndi vuto la kugona kapena kuvutika kugona, kapena kusanza kapena kusanza.

Ngati mwaphonya Mlingo kapena osamwa mankhwalawo panthawi yake: Mankhwala anu mwina sagwira ntchito kapena akhoza kusiya kugwira ntchito kwathunthu. Kuti mankhwalawa agwire bwino ntchito, kuchuluka kwake kumayenera kukhala mthupi lanu nthawi zonse.

Ngati mutenga zochuluka kwambiri: Mutha kukhala ndimankhwala owopsa mthupi lanu. Zizindikiro za bongo za mankhwalawa zingaphatikizepo:

• Kusinza
• kugona
• kugunda kwamtima mwachangu (kugunda)
• chizungulire
• kukomoka

Ngati mukuganiza kuti mwamwa kwambiri mankhwalawa, itanani dokotala wanu kapena funsani malangizo kuchokera ku American Association of Poison Control Center ku 1-800-222-1222 kapena kudzera pa chida chawo pa intaneti. Koma ngati matenda anu akukulira, itanani 911 kapena pitani kuchipatala chapafupi pomwepo.

Zomwe muyenera kuchita mukaphonya mlingo: Tengani mlingo wanu mukangokumbukira. Koma ngati mukukumbukira kutangotsala maola ochepa kuti muyambe kumwa mankhwala, tengani mlingo umodzi wokha. Osayesa konse kutenga mwa kumwa miyezo iwiri nthawi imodzi. Izi zitha kubweretsa zovuta zoyipa.

Momwe mungadziwire ngati mankhwalawa akugwira ntchito: Khalidwe lanu kapena malingaliro anu ayenera kusintha.

Zofunikira pakumwa quetiapine

Kumbukirani izi ngati dokotala akukulemberani quetiapine.

Zonse

• Mutha kutenga piritsi lomwe limatulutsidwa mwachangu kapena wopanda chakudya. Muyenera kumwa piritsi lotulutsidwa popanda chakudya kapena chakudya chopepuka (pafupifupi ma calories 300).
• Tengani mankhwalawa panthawi yomwe dokotala akukulangizani.
• Mutha kudula kapena kuphwanya mapiritsi otulutsa quetiapine mwachangu. Komabe, simungadule kapena kuphwanya mapiritsi otulutsidwa a quetiapine.

Yosungirako

• Sungani quetiapine kutentha kwapakati pakati pa 59 ° F ndi 86 ° F (15 ° C mpaka 30 ° C).
• Sungani mankhwalawa kutali ndi kuwala.
• Musasunge mankhwalawa m'malo onyowa kapena onyowa, monga mabafa.

Zowonjezeranso

Mankhwala a mankhwalawa amakonzanso. Simuyenera kusowa mankhwala atsopano kuti mudzazidwenso. Dokotala wanu adzalemba kuchuluka kwa mafuta obwezerezedwanso pamankhwala anu.

Kuyenda

Mukamayenda ndi mankhwala anu:

• Nthawi zonse muzinyamula mankhwala anu. Mukamauluka, musayikenso m'thumba lofufuzidwa. Sungani m'thumba lanu.
• Osadandaula za makina a X-ray pabwalo la ndege. Sangathe kuvulaza mankhwala anu.
• Mungafunike kuwonetsa ogwira ntchito ku eyapoti chizindikiro cha mankhwala anu. Nthawi zonse muzinyamula chidebe choyambirira cholembedwa ndi mankhwala.
• Musayike mankhwalawa m'galimoto yamagolovu amgalimoto yanu kapena siyani m'galimoto. Onetsetsani kuti musachite izi nyengo ikatentha kapena kuzizira kwambiri.

Kudziyang'anira pawokha

Quetiapine imatha kupangitsa kuti thupi lanu lisakwanitse kusamalira kutentha kwanu. Izi zitha kupangitsa kuti kutentha kwanu kuchuluke kwambiri, kumabweretsa vuto lotchedwa hyperthermia. Zizindikiro zimatha kuphatikizira khungu lotentha, thukuta kwambiri, kugunda kwamtima, kupuma mwachangu, komanso kugwidwa. Pofuna kupewa izi, chitani zotsatirazi mukamamwa mankhwalawa:

• Pewani kutenthedwa kapena kutaya madzi m'thupi. Osachita masewera olimbitsa thupi mopitirira muyeso.
• Nthawi yotentha, khalani m'nyumba pamalo ozizira ngati zingatheke.
• Khalani kunja kwa dzuwa. Osamavala zovala zolemera.
• Imwani madzi ambiri.

Kuwunika kuchipatala

Inu ndi dokotala muyenera kuyang'anira zovuta zina zaumoyo. Izi zitha kuthandizira kuti mukhale otetezeka mukamamwa mankhwalawa. Izi zikuphatikiza:

• Shuga wamagazi. Quetiapine ikhoza kukulitsa kuchuluka kwa shuga wamagazi. Dokotala wanu amatha kuwunika shuga wanu wamagazi nthawi ndi nthawi, makamaka ngati muli ndi matenda ashuga kapena muli pachiwopsezo cha matenda ashuga.
• Cholesterol. Quetiapine imachulukitsa mafuta (cholesterol ndi triglycerides) m'magazi anu. Mwina simukukhala ndi zizindikilo, chifukwa chake dokotala angayang'ane magazi anu cholesterol ndi triglycerides koyambirira kwamankhwala komanso mukamalandira mankhwala a quetiapine.
• Kulemera. Kunenepa kumafala mwa anthu omwe amatenga quetiapine. Inu ndi dokotala muyenera kuyang'ana kulemera kwanu pafupipafupi.
• Mavuto amisala ndi machitidwe. Inu ndi dokotala muyenera kuyang'anitsitsa kusintha kulikonse kwachilendo pamakhalidwe anu ndi momwe mumamvera. Mankhwalawa amatha kuyambitsa mavuto atsopano azaumoyo, kapena mavuto ena omwe muli nawo kale.
• Mahomoni a chithokomiro. Quetiapine imatha kuchepetsa kuchuluka kwa mahomoni a chithokomiro. Dokotala wanu ayenera kuyang'anitsitsa kuchuluka kwa mahomoni a chithokomiro musanayambe kulandira chithandizo chamankhwala ndi quetiapine.

Ndalama zobisika

Mungafunike kukayezetsa magazi nthawi ndi nthawi kuti muwone kuchuluka kwa shuga wamagazi ndi cholesterol. Mtengo wa mayeserowa udalira kutengera kwanu inshuwaransi.

Chilolezo chisanachitike

Makampani ambiri a inshuwaransi amafuna chilolezo choyambirira cha mankhwalawa. Izi zikutanthauza kuti dokotala wanu adzafunika kuvomerezedwa ndi kampani yanu ya inshuwaransi kampani yanu ya inshuwaransi isanakulipireni mankhwalawo.

Kodi pali njira zina?

Palinso mankhwala ena omwe amapezeka kuti athetse vuto lanu. Ena akhoza kukuyenererani kuposa ena. Lankhulani ndi dokotala wanu za mankhwala ena omwe angakuthandizeni.

Chodzikanira:Nkhani Zamankhwala Masiku Ano yachita khama kwambiri kuti zitsimikizire kuti zidziwitso zonse ndizolondola, zomveka bwino, komanso zatsopano. Komabe, nkhaniyi sikuyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito m'malo mwa chidziwitso ndi ukadaulo wa akatswiri pazachipatala. Muyenera kufunsa adotolo kapena akatswiri azaumoyo musanamwe mankhwala aliwonse. Zambiri zamankhwala zomwe zili pano zitha kusintha ndipo sizingapangidwe kuti zigwiritse ntchito, mayendedwe, zodzitetezera, machenjezo, kulumikizana ndi mankhwala, kusokonezeka, kapena zovuta zina. Kusapezeka kwa machenjezo kapena zidziwitso za mankhwala omwe apatsidwa sikuwonetsa kuti kuphatikiza mankhwala kapena mankhwalawa ndiwotetezeka, ogwira ntchito, komanso oyenera kwa odwala onse kapena ntchito zina zilizonse.