Kodi Mungadye Nkhumba Zambiri? Zomwe Muyenera Kudziwa

Zamkati

• Kodi kudya nkhumba zosawerengeka ndikotetezeka?
• Zizindikiro za kudya nkhumba yakuda
• Chiwopsezo chachikulu
• Kusintha kwa machitidwe
• Malangizo wamba oti akutetezeni
• Mfundo yofunika

Ngakhale mbale za nkhumba zosaphika zilipo m'maiko ena, kudya nyama ya nkhumba yaiwisi kapena yosaphika ndi bizinesi yowopsa yomwe imatha kubweretsa zovuta zoyipa komanso zosasangalatsa.

Zakudya zina, monga nsomba ndi nsomba zina, zimatha kusangala ndi zosaphika zikakonzedwa bwino - ngakhale nkhumba siimodzi mwazakudya izi.

Nkhaniyi ikufotokoza kuopsa kwake ndi zoyipa zake zodya nkhumba yaiwisi kapena yosaphika, ndikupatsanso malangizo okuthandizani kukhala wathanzi.

Kodi kudya nkhumba zosawerengeka ndikotetezeka?

Mosiyana ndi nyama yang'ombe, yomwe imatha kudyedwa popanda kukhala yofiirira mkati, nkhumba yamagazi (kapena yosawerengeka) mkati sayenera kudyedwa.

Izi ndichifukwa choti nyama ya nkhumba, yomwe imachokera ku nkhumba, imakhala ndi mabakiteriya ena ndi tiziromboti tomwe timaphedwa pophika.

Chifukwa chake, nyama yankhumba ikaphika mpaka kutentha kwake, pamakhala chiopsezo kuti mabakiteriya ndi tiziromboti tizipulumuka ndikudya. Izi zitha kudwala kwambiri.

Tizilombo toyambitsa matenda timene timapezeka mu nkhumba ndi Trichinella spiralis, nyongolotsi yomwe imayambitsa matenda otchedwa trichinosis, omwe amadziwikanso kuti trichinellosis. Nyama zina, monga mimbulu, nkhumba, zimbalangondo, ndi ma walrus, zitha kukhalanso zonyamula nyongolotsi (,).

Kuphatikiza apo, kudya nyama yankhumba yosawerengeka kapena yaiwisi kumayikanso pachiwopsezo cha tiziromboti, Taenia solium kapena Taenia asiatica, kulowa munjira yanu yogaya chakudya ndikubala. Izi zimayambitsa matenda, monga taeniasis kapena cysticercosis (,).

Chifukwa chake, kudya nkhumba zosawerengeka kapena zosaphika sikuwonedwa ngati kotetezeka.

Pofuna kuchepetsa chiopsezo chotenga matendawa, nthawi zonse muyenera kuphika nkhumba yanu kutentha.

Kudya nyama ya nkhumba yaiwisi kapena yosaphika kungakupangitseni kudwala kwambiri ndikukuyikani pachiwopsezo cha tiziromboti monga nyongolotsi kapena tapeworm. Izi zimaphedwa pakuphika - ndichifukwa chake ndikofunikira kuti muphike bwino nkhumba yanu.

Zizindikiro za kudya nkhumba yakuda

Zizindikiro za trichinosis imatha kupezeka patadutsa masiku awiri kapena awiri kuchokera pamene idya nyama yankhumba yaphika - yomwe satha kuphika - koma mwina singawonetse mpaka sabata mutamwa ().

Mphutsi zikafika m'thupi lanu ndikuyamba kuberekana masiku 5 mpaka 7, mutha kukhala ndi vuto lakumimba, ndikumakhala ndi nseru, kusanza, kutsekula m'mimba, kutopa, ndi kupweteka m'mimba ().

Kenako, sabata mpaka milungu ingapo atamwa, mphutsi zimayamba kubowola m'makoma a minofu ndi matumbo.

Mchigawo chino, zizindikiro monga kutentha thupi kwambiri, kupweteka kwa minofu, kuzindikira pang'ono, matenda amaso, kutupa kwa nkhope, zotupa, kupweteka mutu, ndi kuzizira ndizofala ().

Trichinosis nthawi zina imatha kubweretsa zovuta zina, zomwe zimakhudza mtima kapena ubongo. Ngakhale kuti mavutowa sapezeka kawirikawiri, amatha kupha. Ndi chithandizo chamankhwala chokwanira, ambiri adzachira ku trichinosis m'masabata pafupifupi 8 ().

Kumbali inayi, matenda opatsirana ndi tapeworm monga taeniasis kapena cysticercosis ndi ovuta kwambiri kuzindikira kuti tapeworms siyimayambitsa zizindikilo nthawi yomweyo ndipo nthawi zambiri imadziwika.

Matenda a tapeworm amatha kupezeka pakadutsa miyezi iwiri kapena itatu atamwa nyama yonyansa pogwiritsa ntchito zitsanzo zingapo.

Ngati zizindikiro za taeniasis zikukula, nthawi zambiri zimaphatikizapo:

• kuonda kosadziwika
• mavuto am'mimba
• ululu
• kuyabwa mozungulira malo amkati
• kutsekeka kwa m'matumbo

Komabe, ngati mwadzidzidzi mukugwidwa, ichi ndi chimodzi mwazizindikiro za cysticercosis. Izi zikutanthauza kuti kachilombo kameneka kayenda kumadera ena a thupi monga ubongo, diso, kapena mtima ().

Ngati mukukumana ndi izi, pitani kuchipatala mwachangu.

Chiwopsezo chachikulu

Omwe ali ndi chitetezo cha mthupi choyenera ayenera kukhala tcheru makamaka pakutsatira malangizo achitetezo chazakudya ndikuphika nkhumba kutentha koyenera.

Izi zimaphatikizapo omwe ali ndi pakati, akuchiritsidwa khansa, kapena mankhwala ena omwe amalepheretsa chitetezo cha mthupi.

Kuphatikiza apo, anthu omwe ali ndi kachilombo ka HIV, Edzi, matenda a shuga, kapena omwe alandila ziwalo ayenera kusamala makamaka za komwe chakudya chawo chikuchokera komanso kuti chikukonzedwa bwino.

Zizindikiro za trichinosis zitha kuphatikizira nseru, kukokana m'mimba, ndipo, pambuyo pake, kupweteka kwa minofu, kutupa kwa nkhope, ndi malungo akulu. Matenda a tapeworm sangayambitse matenda koma amatha kukupangitsani kudwala ngakhalenso kugwa mwadzidzidzi.

Kusintha kwa machitidwe

Chifukwa cha ntchito zabwino zaulimi ku United States, Canada, ndi Europe mzaka makumi angapo zapitazi, kudwala trichinosis ndikosowa (,).

M'malo mwake, kuyambira 2011-2015, pafupifupi 16 milandu ya trichinosis adanenedwa ku Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) ku United States chaka chilichonse (,).

Chiwerengero cha trichinosis padziko lonse lapansi ndichachikulu kwambiri - pamilandu 10,000 chaka chilichonse - ambiri ochokera ku China ndi Southeast Asia kapena mayiko aku Eastern Europe (,).

Matenda a tapeworm okhudzana ndi nkhumba ndi ovuta kuzindikira, koma padziko lonse lapansi akuti kufa kwa anthu 28,000 pachaka kumatha kukhala chifukwa cha tiziromboti ().

Komabe, ndikofunikira kukumbukira kuti machitidwe ku United States akadasinthabe.

Pa Okutobala 1, 2019, dipatimenti ya zaulimi ku United States (USDA) yalengeza kuti ichepetsa kuchuluka kwa oyang'anira pamalopo ndikulola opanga nkhumba kuti aziyendera okha nkhumba zawo. Izi zidayamba kugwira ntchito patangopita miyezi iwiri (8).

M'mbuyomu, oyang'anira aboma okha ndi omwe amatha kudziwa kuti ndi zinthu ziti za nkhumba zomwe zimawoneka ngati zotetezeka kuti zingagulitsidwe kwa anthu (8).

Ngakhale kuti ndi posachedwa kwambiri kuti mumvetsetse zomwe zingachitike pakusintha kumeneku, zitha kuyang'anira kuchepa. Chifukwa chake, kuphika bwino nkhumba yanu kumakhalabe kofunikira.

Kusintha kwaulimi mzaka makumi angapo zapitazi ku United States kwapangitsa nkhumba kukhala yotetezeka kudya. Komabe, izi zasintha posachedwa, kulola kuyang'anira pang'ono. Mulimonsemo, nkofunikirabe kupewa kudya nkhumba yosaphika.

Malangizo wamba oti akutetezeni

Simungathe kudziwa ngati nkhumba yanu ili ndi kachilombo Trichinella mwauzimu kapena tapeworm ya nkhumba pongoyang'ana, popeza mphutsi izi ndizocheperako. Chifukwa chake, chitetezo chabwino kwambiri ku trichinosis ndikuphika nkhumba yanu bwinobwino.

Trichinae amaphedwa pa 137 ° F (58 ° C), pomwe mazira a tapeworm ndi mphutsi amaphedwa pakati pa 122-149 ° F (50-65 ° C) (,,).

Kafukufuku wina adapeza kuti mazira ndi mphutsi za nkhumba zitha kuphedwa pamlingo wotsika wa 122 ° F (50 ° C) pazowotcha zomwe zimawotcha mphindi 15-20, koma pamafunika kutentha kwakukulu kuposa 149 ° F (65 ° C) mbale zothira nkhumba zosakaniza (,).

Ku United States, akatswiri amalangiza kuphika nyama ya nkhumba mpaka kutentha kwake kwamkati kukafika 145 ° F (63 ° C) chifukwa chops, steaks, ndi chiuno. Pakudya nkhumba, nyama zanyama, kapena nyama zosakanizidwa, kuphika mpaka 160 ° F (71 ° C) (11).

Kaya ndi nyama ya nkhumba yotsekemera kapena yothira pansi, muyenera kulola nyama kupuma kwa mphindi zitatu musanadye. Izi zimathandiza kuti nyamayo ipitirire kuphika komanso kutentha.

Mukaphika mpaka 145 ° F (63 ° C), mungaone nyama yoyera ili ndi pinki mukamayikamo. Malinga ndi malangizo omwe asinthidwa kuchokera ku USDA, izi ndizovomerezeka.

Muyenera kugwiritsa ntchito thermometer yoyeserera kuti muzitha kutentha nyama yanu, ndikutsatira malangizo a wopanga.

Kusamalira bwino chakudya ndikofunikanso. Izi zikutanthauza kuti kutsuka m'manja ndikofunikira mukamaphika, monganso kugwiritsa ntchito madzi akumwa oyera kutsuka malo odulira, mbale, kapena ziwiya.

Mutha kuphunzira njira zina zachitetezo zogwiritsa ntchito chakudya patsamba la USDA.

Kuphika nkhumba yanu kutentha bwino ndikofunikira kuti mupewe matenda. Ngakhale nkhumba za nkhumba, zophika, ndi ma steak ziyenera kuphikidwa mpaka 145 ° F (63 ° C), nyama yankhumba iyenera kufika osachepera 160 ° F (71 ° C). Lolani nyama yanu kuti ipumule mphindi zitatu musanadye.

Mfundo yofunika

Kudya nyama ya nkhumba yaiwisi kapena yophika si lingaliro labwino. Nyama imatha kukhala ndi tiziromboti, monga nyongolotsi kapena tapeworm.

Izi zimatha kuyambitsa matenda obwera chifukwa cha zakudya monga trichinosis kapena taeniasis. Ngakhale kawirikawiri, trichinosis imatha kubweretsa zovuta zazikulu zomwe nthawi zina zimapha. Omwe ali ndi chitetezo chamthupi chovuta ayenera kusamala kwambiri.

Ngakhale kusintha kwaulimi kwapangitsa kuti matenda ena azicheperako, ndibwino kuti muzisamalira moyenera ndikuphika nkhumba yanu kutentha.

Mwanjira imeneyi, mutha kuphika nyama ya nkhumba yomwe siokoma kokha koma yotetezeka kudya.