Kuzindikira Mtundu Wachiwiri Matenda A shuga

Zamkati

• Zizindikiro zodziwika za mtundu wachiwiri wa shuga
• Kukodza pafupipafupi kapena kuchuluka
• Ludzu
• Kutopa
• Masomphenya olakwika
• Matenda obwerezabwereza ndi zilonda
• Zizindikiro zadzidzidzi zamtundu wa 2 shuga
• Zizindikiro za matenda ashuga amtundu wa 2 mwa ana
• Chithandizo cha moyo
• Kuwunika shuga wamagazi
• Zakudya zabwino
• Kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi
• Mankhwala ndi insulin
• Metformin
• Sulfonylureas
• Meglitinides
• Anayankha
• Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) zoletsa
• Glucagon ngati peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1 receptor agonists)
• Sodium-glucose transporter (SGLT) 2 zoletsa
• Mankhwala a insulin
• Chiwonetsero

Zizindikiro za mtundu wa 2 shuga

Matenda a shuga amtundu wa 2 ndi matenda osachiritsika omwe amatha kupangitsa kuti shuga wamagazi (glucose) akhale wapamwamba kuposa zachilendo. Anthu ambiri samva zizindikiro ndi mtundu wachiwiri wa matenda ashuga. Komabe, zizolowezi zofala zimakhalapo ndipo kutha kuzizindikira ndikofunikira. Zizindikiro zambiri zamtundu wa shuga wachiwiri zimachitika milingo ya shuga m'magazi ikakhala yayikulu kwambiri.

Zizindikiro zofala kwambiri za matenda amtundu wa 2 zimaphatikizapo:

• ludzu lokwanira
• pafupipafupi kapena kuchuluka kukodza, makamaka usiku
• njala yochulukirapo
• kutopa
• kusawona bwino
• zilonda kapena mabala omwe sangachiritse

Ngati mukumane ndi izi nthawi zonse, lankhulani ndi dokotala wanu. Angakulimbikitseni kuti mukayesedwe matenda ashuga, omwe amachitidwa mukakoka magazi. Kawirikawiri kuyezetsa matenda a shuga kumayamba ali ndi zaka 45.

Komabe, zitha kuyamba koyambirira ngati muli:

• onenepa kwambiri
• kungokhala
• omwe amakhudzidwa ndi kuthamanga kwa magazi, pano kapena pomwe mudali ndi pakati
• ochokera kubanja lomwe lili ndi mbiri ya mtundu wa 2 shuga
• ochokera ku mtundu womwe uli pachiwopsezo chachikulu cha matenda amtundu wa 2
• pachiwopsezo chachikulu chifukwa cha kuthamanga kwa magazi, kuchepa kwama cholesterol, kapena kuchuluka kwa triglyceride
• ali ndi matenda amtima
• ali ndi matenda a polycystic ovary

Zizindikiro zodziwika za mtundu wachiwiri wa shuga

Ngati muli ndi matenda ashuga, angakuthandizeni kumvetsetsa momwe kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi anu kumakhudzira momwe mumamvera. Kuchuluka kwa shuga kumayambitsa zizindikiro zofala kwambiri. Izi zikuphatikiza:

Kukodza pafupipafupi kapena kuchuluka

Kutalika kwa shuga kumakakamiza madzi kuchokera m'maselo anu. Izi zimawonjezera kuchuluka kwa madzimadzi omwe amaperekedwa ku impso. Izi zimakupangitsani kuti muyenera kukodza kwambiri. Nthawi zina zimatha kukuperekani madzi m'thupi.

Ludzu

Matenda anu akamakhala opanda madzi, mudzamva ludzu. Kuchuluka kwa ludzu ndi chizindikiro china chodziwika bwino cha matenda ashuga. Mukamakodza kwambiri, muyenera kumwa kwambiri, komanso mosemphanitsa.

Kutopa

Kutopa ndi chizindikiro china chofala cha matenda ashuga. Glucose nthawi zambiri imakhala imodzi mwazinthu zazikulu zopangira mphamvu m'thupi. Maselo sangathe kuyamwa shuga, mutha kutopa kapena kumva kutopa.

Masomphenya olakwika

Pasanapite nthawi, kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi kumatha kubweretsa kutupa kwa diso m'maso. Izi zimabweretsa masomphenya. Kuchepetsa shuga m'magazi anu kumatha kuthandizira kukonza mavuto amaso. Ngati kuchuluka kwa shuga wamagazi kumakhalabe kwanthawi yayitali, mavuto ena amaso amatha kuchitika.

Matenda obwerezabwereza ndi zilonda

Kuchuluka kwa shuga kumatha kupangitsa kuti thupi lanu lizitha kuchira. Chifukwa chake, kuvulala monga mabala ndi zilonda kumakhala kotseguka nthawi yayitali. Izi zimawapangitsa kuti atenge matenda mosavuta.

Nthawi zina, anthu sazindikira kuti ali ndi shuga wambiri chifukwa samamva chilichonse. Shuga wamagazi atha kubweretsa zovuta kwakanthawi, monga:

• chiopsezo chachikulu cha matenda amtima
• mavuto a phazi
• kuwonongeka kwa mitsempha
• matenda amaso
• matenda a impso

Anthu omwe ali ndi matenda a shuga nawonso ali pachiwopsezo chotenga matenda a chikhodzodzo. Kwa anthu omwe alibe matenda ashuga, matenda a chikhodzodzo nthawi zambiri amakhala opweteka. Komabe, anthu omwe ali ndi matenda ashuga sangakhale ndi kumva kupweteka ngati pokodza. Matendawa sangapezeke mpaka atafalikira ku impso.

Zizindikiro zadzidzidzi zamtundu wa 2 shuga

Shuga wamagazi ambiri amawononga nthawi yayitali mthupi. Komabe, shuga wochepa m'magazi, wotchedwa hypoglycemia, atha kukhala vuto lachipatala. Hypoglycemia imachitika mukakhala shuga wambiri m'magazi. Kwa anthu omwe ali ndi matenda a shuga amtundu wa 2, okhawo omwe ali ndi mankhwala omwe amawonjezera kuchuluka kwa insulin m'thupi ali pachiwopsezo chotsika shuga.

Zizindikiro za hypoglycemia ndi monga:

• kugwedezeka
• chizungulire
• njala
• mutu
• thukuta
• kuvuta kuganiza
• kukwiya kapena kusasangalala
• kugunda kwamtima mwachangu

Ngati muli ndi mankhwala omwe amachulukitsa kuchuluka kwa insulini mthupi lanu, onetsetsani kuti mukudziwa momwe mungachiritsire shuga wotsika magazi.

Zizindikiro za matenda ashuga amtundu wa 2 mwa ana

Malinga ndi chipatala cha Mayo, ana ena omwe ali ndi matenda a shuga amtundu wa 2 sangathe kuwonetsa zisonyezo, pomwe ena amatero. Muyenera kulankhula ndi dokotala wa mwana wanu ngati mwana wanu ali ndi zoopsa zilizonse-ngakhale ngati sakuwonetsa zisonyezo.

Zowopsa ndi izi:

• kulemera (kukhala ndi BMI pa 85th percentile)
• kusagwira ntchito
• wachibale wapafupi yemwe ali ndi matenda ashuga amtundu wa 2
• mtundu (African-American, Hispanic, Native American, Asia-American, ndi Pacific Islander akuwonetsedwa kuti ali ndi zochitika zambiri)

Ana omwe amawonetsa zizindikilo amakhala ndi zizindikilo zofananira zomwe zimakhudzana ndi akuluakulu:

• kutopa (kumva kutopa ndi kukwiya)
• kuchuluka kwa ludzu ndi kukodza
• kuwonjezera njala
• kuonda (kudya kuposa masiku onse koma kuwonda)
• madera akhungu lakuda
• Zilonda zochepa
• kusawona bwino

Chithandizo cha moyo

Mungafunike mankhwala am'kamwa komanso insulini yamtundu wa 2 shuga. Kusamalira shuga wamagazi mwakuyang'anitsitsa, kudya, komanso kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi ndizofunikanso pochiza. Ngakhale anthu ena amatha kuwongolera matenda awo ashuga amtundu wa 2 ndi zakudya komanso masewera olimbitsa thupi okha, nthawi zonse muyenera kufunsa dokotala wanu za mankhwala omwe angakuthandizeni.

Kuwunika shuga wamagazi

Njira yokhayo yomwe mungatsimikizire kuti kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi anu kumakhala mkati mwa chandamale chanu ndikuwunika. Muyenera kuyang'anitsitsa ndikulemba kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi anu kangapo patsiku kapena nthawi ndi nthawi. Izi zimadalira dongosolo lanu la mankhwala.

Zakudya zabwino

Palibe zakudya zinazake zomwe zimalimbikitsidwa kwa anthu omwe ali ndi matenda ashuga amtundu wa 2. Komabe, ndikofunikira kuti zakudya zanu ziziyang'ana zipatso, ndiwo zamasamba, ndi mbewu zonse. Izi ndi zakudya zopanda mafuta ambiri. Muyeneranso kuchepetsa maswiti, chakudya chamafuta, komanso nyama. Zakudya zamagulu otsika-glycemic index (zakudya zomwe zimapangitsa kuti magazi azikhala otakasuka kwambiri) ndi omwe ali ndi matenda a shuga amtundu wa 2.

Dokotala wanu kapena wolemba zamankhwala wovomerezeka akhoza kukuthandizani kuti apange dongosolo la chakudya. Akhozanso kukuphunzitsani momwe mungayang'anire zakudya zanu kuti mukhale ndi shuga wokhazikika m'magazi.

Kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi

Kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi nthawi zonse ndikofunikira kwa iwo omwe ali ndi matenda amtundu wa 2. Muyenera kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi gawo lanu tsiku lililonse. Ndikosavuta ngati musankha zochitika zomwe mumakonda, monga kuyenda, kusambira, kapena masewera. Onetsetsani kuti mwalandira chilolezo kwa dokotala musanayambe kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi. Kusiyanasiyana pakati pa mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya masewera olimbitsa thupi kungakhale kothandiza kwambiri kuposa kumamatira kumodzi kokha.

Ndikofunika kuti muwone kuchuluka kwa shuga wamagazi musanachite masewera olimbitsa thupi. Kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi kumatha kutsitsa shuga m'magazi anu. Pofuna kupewa shuga wotsika magazi, mungaganizirenso kudya chotupitsa musanachite masewera olimbitsa thupi.

Mankhwala ndi insulin

Mutha kapena simukufuna mankhwala ndi insulini kuti mukhale ndi shuga wambiri wamagazi. Ichi ndichinthu chomwe chingasankhidwe ndi zinthu zambiri, monga matenda ena omwe muli nawo, komanso kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi anu.

Mankhwala ena ochizira matenda ashuga amtundu wa 2 ndi awa:

Metformin

Mankhwalawa nthawi zambiri amakhala mankhwala oyamba omwe amapatsidwa. Zimathandiza thupi lanu kugwiritsa ntchito insulini bwino. Zotsatira zina zoyipa ndi kunyansidwa ndi kutsegula m'mimba. Izi zimatha kupita pomwe thupi lanu limasinthira.

Mu Meyi 2020, adalimbikitsa kuti ena opanga metformin awonjezere kutulutsa ena mwa mapiritsi awo kumsika waku US. Izi ndichifukwa choti mulingo wosavomerezeka wa khansa yotenga khansa (wothandizira khansa) udapezeka m'mapiritsi ena a metformin. Ngati mukumwa mankhwalawa, itanani woyang'anira zaumoyo wanu. Adzakulangizani ngati mupitiliza kumwa mankhwala anu kapena ngati mukufuna mankhwala atsopano.

Sulfonylureas

Mankhwalawa amathandiza thupi lanu kutulutsa insulini yambiri. Zotsatira zina zoyipa ndi shuga wotsika magazi komanso kunenepa.

Meglitinides

Mankhwalawa amagwira ntchito ngati sulfonylureas, koma mwachangu. Zotsatira zawo ndizofupikiranso. Zitha kupanganso shuga wotsika magazi, koma chiwopsezo chake ndi chotsika kuposa sulfonylureas.

Anayankha

Mankhwalawa ndi ofanana ndi metformin. Sakhala chisankho choyambirira ndi madotolo chifukwa cha chiwopsezo cha kulephera kwa mtima ndi kuphwanya.

Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) zoletsa

Mankhwalawa amathandiza kuchepetsa shuga m'magazi. Amakhala ndi zotsatira zochepa koma samayambitsa kunenepa. Pali kuthekera kwa kapamba kakang'ono komanso kupweteka kwamagulu.

Glucagon ngati peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1 receptor agonists)

Mankhwalawa amachedwetsa kugaya chakudya, amathandiza kuchepetsa shuga m'magazi, komanso amathandiza kuchepetsa thupi. American Diabetes Association (ADA) imawalimbikitsa pamikhalidwe yomwe matenda a impso (CKD), kulephera kwa mtima, kapena matenda a atherosclerotic a mtima (ASCVD) amakhala ambiri.

Anthu amakumana ndi nseru, kusanza, kapena kutsekula m'mimba, ndipo pamakhala chiopsezo chotupa chotupa cha chithokomiro.

Sodium-glucose transporter (SGLT) 2 zoletsa

Mankhwalawa amateteza impso kuti zisabwezeretse shuga m'magazi. Amachotsedwa mkodzo m'malo mwake. Ndi ena mwa mankhwala ashuga atsopano omwe ali pamsika.

Monga GLP-1 receptor agonists, SGLT2 inhibitors amalimbikitsidwanso ndi ADA pakagwa CKD, mtima kulephera, kapena ASCVD.

Zotsatira zoyipa zimaphatikizira matenda a yisiti, matenda amkodzo, kukodza kwambiri, komanso kudulidwa.

Mankhwala a insulin

Insulini iyenera kubayidwa, chifukwa chimbudzi chimasokoneza insulin ikamamwa. Mlingo ndi jakisoni wofunikira tsiku lililonse zimadalira wodwala aliyense. Pali mitundu ingapo ya insulini yomwe dokotala angakupatseni. Onsewa amagwira ntchito mosiyana pang'ono. Zosankha zina ndi izi:

• Insulini glulisine (Apidra)
• insulin lispro (Humalog)
• gawo la insulini (Novolog)
• insulin glargine (Lantus)
• Insulini yotulutsa insulin (Levemir)
• insulin isophane (Humulin N, Novolin N)

Chiwonetsero

Ndikofunika kufunsa dokotala ngati mukukumana ndi zizindikilo zilizonse zamtundu wa 2 wa matenda ashuga. Ngati simunalandire chithandizo, matenda a shuga amtundu wa 2 atha kubweretsa mavuto azaumoyo ndikuwononga thupi lanu kwakanthawi. Mukapezeka, mumakhala mankhwala, mankhwala, komanso kusintha kwa zakudya zanu komanso zolimbitsa thupi zomwe zingalimbitse shuga lanu.

Malinga ndi Chipatala cha Mayo, dokotala wanu adzafuna kuyesa mayesero osiyanasiyana nthawi ndi nthawi kuti aone:

• kuthamanga kwa magazi
• Impso ndi chiwindi zimagwira ntchito
• chithokomiro,
• mafuta m'thupi

Muyeneranso kukhala ndi mayeso a phazi ndi maso nthawi zonse.