Minyewa

Zamkati

• Kodi mitundu ya scleritis ndi yotani?
• Kodi zizindikiro za scleritis ndi ziti?
• Kodi chimayambitsa scleritis ndi chiyani?
• Kodi chiopsezo cha scleritis ndi chiyani?
• Kodi matenda a scleritis amapezeka bwanji?
• Kodi matenda a scleritis amachiritsidwa bwanji?
• Kodi anthu omwe ali ndi scleritis ali ndi malingaliro otani?

Kodi scleritis ndi chiyani?

Sclera ndi gawo loteteza kunja kwa diso, lomwenso ndi gawo loyera la diso. Yagwirizanitsidwa ndi minofu yomwe imathandiza diso kuyenda. Pafupifupi 83 peresenti yamaso ndi sclera.

Scleritis ndi matenda omwe sclera imayamba kutentha kwambiri komanso kufiira. Zingakhale zopweteka kwambiri. Scleritis amakhulupirira kuti ndi chifukwa cha chitetezo chamthupi chambiri. Mtundu wa scleritis womwe muli nawo umadalira komwe kutupa kumakhalapo. Anthu ambiri amamva kuwawa kwambiri ndi vutoli, koma pali zosiyana.

Chithandizo choyambirira ndi mankhwala ndikofunikira kuti tipewe matenda a scleritis. Milandu yayikulu, yosasankhidwa imatha kubweretsa kuwonongera pang'ono kapena kwathunthu.

Kodi mitundu ya scleritis ndi yotani?

Madokotala amagwiritsa ntchito zomwe zimatchedwa mtundu wa Watson ndi Hayreh kusiyanitsa mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya scleritis. Amagawidwa potengera ngati matendawa akukhudza kutsogolo (kutsogolo) kapena kumbuyo (kumbuyo) kwa sclera. Maonekedwe akunja atha kukhala ndi matenda obwera chifukwa cha zomwe amayambitsa.

Magawo a anterior scleritis ndi awa:

• anterior scleritis: mawonekedwe ofala kwambiri a scleritis
• nodular anterior scleritis: mawonekedwe achiwiri ofala kwambiri
• necrotizing anterior scleritis ndi kutupa: mawonekedwe oopsa kwambiri a anterior scleritis
• necrotizing anterior scleritis popanda kutupa: mawonekedwe osowa kwambiri a anterior scleritis
• posterior scleritis: ndizovuta kuzipeza ndikuzizindikira chifukwa zimakhala ndi zizindikilo zosinthika, kuphatikiza zambiri zomwe zimatsanzira zovuta zina

Kodi zizindikiro za scleritis ndi ziti?

Mtundu uliwonse wa scleritis uli ndi zizindikilo zofananira, ndipo zimatha kukulira ngati vutoli silichiritsidwa. Kupweteka kwamaso kwakukulu komwe kumayankha bwino mankhwala opha ululu ndi chizindikiro chachikulu cha scleritis. Kusuntha kwa diso kumatha kukulitsa ululu. Ululu ukhoza kufalikira pankhope yonse, makamaka mbali ya diso lomwe lakhudzidwa.

Zizindikiro zina zitha kuphatikiza:

• kung'ambika kwambiri, kapena kudzudzulidwa
• kuchepa kwa masomphenya
• kusawona bwino
• kutengeka ndi kuwala, kapena photophobia
• kufiira kwa sclera, kapena gawo loyera la diso lanu

Zizindikiro za posterior scleritis sizowonekera chifukwa sizimapweteka kwambiri ngati mitundu ina. Zizindikiro zake ndi izi:

• mutu wakuya kwambiri
• kupweteka kumene kumachitika chifukwa cha kuyenda kwa diso
• Kukhumudwa kwa diso
• masomphenya awiri

Anthu ena samva kuwawa chifukwa cha scleritis. Izi ndichifukwa choti ali ndi:

• mlandu wolimba
• scleromalacia perforans, yomwe ndi vuto lachilendo la nyamakazi (RA)
• mbiri yogwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo (amaletsa magwiridwe antchito amthupi) zisanachitike

Kodi chimayambitsa scleritis ndi chiyani?

Pali malingaliro akuti chitetezo cha mthupi cha T cell chimayambitsa scleritis. Chitetezo cha mthupi ndi gulu la ziwalo, minofu, ndi ma cell oyenda omwe amagwira ntchito limodzi kuyimitsa mabakiteriya ndi ma virus kuyambitsa matenda. Maselo a T amagwira ntchito yowononga tizilombo toyambitsa matenda, zomwe ndi zamoyo zomwe zingayambitse matenda kapena matenda. Mu scleritis, amakhulupirira kuti amayamba kulimbana ndi maselo am'maso am'maso. Madokotala sakudziwabebe chifukwa chake izi zimachitika.

Kodi chiopsezo cha scleritis ndi chiyani?

Scleritis imatha kuchitika msinkhu uliwonse. Amayi amakhala othekera kwambiri kukula kuposa amuna. Palibe mtundu kapena dera linalake lapadziko lapansi komwe vutoli limafala kwambiri.

Muli ndi mwayi wowonjezeka wokhala ndi scleritis ngati muli:

• Matenda a Wegener (Wegener's granulomatosis), omwe ndi vuto losazolowereka lomwe limaphatikizapo kutupa kwa mitsempha yamagazi
• nyamakazi ya nyamakazi (RA), yomwe imayambitsa matendawa
• Matenda otupa (IBD), omwe amayambitsa matenda am'mimba chifukwa cha kutupa kwa matumbo
• Matenda a Sjogren, omwe ndi matenda amthupi omwe amadziwika kuti amayambitsa maso ndi mkamwa
• lupus, matenda amthupi omwe amachititsa kutupa kwa khungu
• Matenda am'maso (atha kukhala osagwirizana ndi matenda amthupi okha)
• kuwonongeka kwa minyewa yamaso pangozi

Kodi matenda a scleritis amapezeka bwanji?

Dokotala wanu adzawunikanso zambiri zamankhwala ndikuwunika ndikuwunika labotale kuti mupeze scleritis.

Dokotala wanu akhoza kufunsa mafunso okhudza mbiri yanu yazomwe zimachitika, monga ngati mudakhala ndi RA, Wegener's granulomatosis, kapena IBD. Angathenso kufunsa ngati mwakhala mukukumana ndi zoopsa kapena opareshoni m'maso.

Zina zomwe zimakhala ndi zizindikiro zofananira ndi scleritis ndizo:

• episcleritis, komwe ndikutupa kwa zotengera zapamwamba kumtunda kwa diso (episclera)
• blepharitis, komwe ndi kutupa kwa chivindikiro cha diso lakunja
• viral conjunctivitis, komwe ndikutupa kwa diso komwe kumayambitsidwa ndi kachilombo
• bacterial conjunctivitis, komwe ndikutupa kwa diso komwe kumayambitsidwa ndi bakiteriya

Mayesero otsatirawa atha kuthandiza dokotala kuti adziwe:

• ultrasonography kuyang'ana zosintha zomwe zikuchitika mkati kapena mozungulira sclera
• kuwerengera magazi kwathunthu kuti muwone ngati muli ndi matenda komanso chitetezo chamthupi
• biopsy ya sclera yanu, yomwe imakhudza kuchotsa minofu ya sclera kuti iwoneke pansi pa microscope

Kodi matenda a scleritis amachiritsidwa bwanji?

Chithandizo cha scleritis chimayang'ana kwambiri polimbana ndi kutupa chisanachitike. Ululu wa scleritis umakhudzanso kutupa, kotero kuchepetsa kutupa kumachepetsa zizindikilo.

Chithandizochi chimatsata njira yolerera. Ngati gawo loyamba la mankhwala likulephera, ndiye kuti lachiwiri likugwiritsidwa ntchito.

Mankhwala ogwiritsira ntchito scleritis ndi awa:

• Mankhwala osagwiritsidwa ntchito poletsa kutupa (NSAIDs) amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri mu nodular anterior scleritis. Kuchepetsa kutupa kumathandizanso kuchepetsa kupweteka kwa scleritis.
• Mapiritsi a Corticosteroid (monga prednisone) atha kugwiritsidwa ntchito ngati ma NSAID samachepetsa kutupa.
• Oral glucocorticoids ndiosankhidwa posterior scleritis.
• Mankhwala osokoneza bongo omwe ali ndi oral glucocorticoids amakonda mawonekedwe owopsa, omwe ndi necrotizing scleritis.
• Maantibayotiki amatha kugwiritsidwa ntchito kupewa kapena kuchiza matenda a sclera.
• Mankhwala a antifungal amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri m'matenda oyambitsidwa ndi Sjogren's syndrome.

Kuchita opaleshoni kungakhale kofunikira pa matenda oopsa a scleritis. Njirayi imakhudza kukonza kwa ma sclera kuti minofu igwire bwino ntchito komanso kupewa kutaya masomphenya.

Chithandizo cha Sclera chikhozanso kutengera kuthana ndi zomwe zimayambitsa. Mwachitsanzo, ngati muli ndi vuto lokhala ndi autoimmune, ndiye kuti kulichiza moyenera kumathandizira kupewa zovuta za scleritis.

Kodi anthu omwe ali ndi scleritis ali ndi malingaliro otani?

Scleritis imatha kuwononga kwambiri diso, kuphatikiza pang'ono kuti mumalize kutayika. Kutaya masomphenya kumachitika, nthawi zambiri kumachitika chifukwa cha necrotizing scleritis. Pali chiopsezo kuti scleritis ibwerera ngakhale italandira chithandizo.

Scleritis ndi vuto lalikulu la diso lomwe limafunikira chithandizo mwachangu, akangodziwa. Ngakhale zizindikiro zanu zikuyenda bwino, ndikofunikira kutsatira dokotala wa maso nthawi zonse kuti muwonetsetse kuti simubwerera. Kulimbana ndi zovuta zomwe zimayambitsa matenda a scleritis ndizofunikanso popewera mavuto amtsogolo ndi sclera.