Kodi ndichifukwa chiyani katemera wa nthomba amasiya mabala?

Zamkati

• Katemerayu adagwira ntchito bwanji?
• Kodi nchifukwa ninji panali zipsera?
• BCG vs. chilonda cha nthomba
• Malangizo okutha pachilonda
• Kutenga

Chidule

Nthomba ndi matenda opatsirana omwe amayambitsa zotupa pakhungu ndi malungo. Pakabuka miliri yayikulu kwambiri m'zaka za zana la 20, anthu pafupifupi 3 mwa 10 adamwalira ndi kachilomboka pomwe ena ambiri adasiyidwa, malinga ndi.

Mwamwayi, ofufuza adatha kupanga katemera woteteza vutoli. Kachilombo koyambitsa matendawa ndi kachilombo koyambitsa matenda, koma si virus ya variola yomwe imadziwika kuti imayambitsa nthomba. M'malo mwake, katemera wa katemera amabayidwa. Chifukwa chakuti kachilomboka kali kofanana ndi kachilombo ka variola, thupi limatha kupanga ma antibodies okwanira kuti athane ndi kachilombo ka nthomba.

Pogwiritsa ntchito katemera wochuluka wa nthomba, madokotala adalengeza kuti kachilombo ka nthomba "katha" ku United States mu 1952. Mu 1972, katemera wa nthomba anasiya kukhala katemera wamba ku United States.

Kupanga katemera wa nthomba chinali chinthu chachikulu chazachipatala. Katemerayu adasiya chizindikiro kapena bala.

Ngakhale anthu ambiri omwe ali ndi kachilombo ka nthomba ndi achikulire, US department of Health and Human Services idapereka katemerayu pambuyo pa 1972 kwa ogwira ntchito zaumoyo ndi magulu oyankha nthomba kuchokera ku madipatimenti azaumoyo chifukwa choopa kuti kachilombo ka nthomba kangagwiritsidwe ntchito ngati chida ndi zigawenga.

Katemerayu adagwira ntchito bwanji?

Katemera wa nthomba amaperekedwa m'njira yapadera poyerekeza ndi katemera wina aliyense amene akugwiritsidwa ntchito masiku ano. Mwachitsanzo, chimfine chimaperekedwa mu ndodo ya nthawi imodzi pogwiritsa ntchito singano imodzi yomwe imadutsa pakhungu zingapo ndikulowa muminyewa. Katemera wa nthomba amaperekedwa pogwiritsa ntchito singano yapadera ya bifurcated (two-prong). M'malo mopyoza khungu nthawi imodzi, munthu amene akupereka katemerayu amaphulika kangapo pakhungu kuti apereke kachilomboko pakhungu la khungu, lomwe ndi kansalu kotsika kwambiri mwa khungu lomwe limawonekera padziko lapansi. Katemerayu samalowa m'mbali zakuya za khungu, monga tinthu tating'onoting'ono tating'onoting'ono.

Tizilomboti tikamafika pachimake, timayamba kuchulukana. Izi zimayambitsa bampu yaying'ono, yozungulira yotchedwa papule kukula. Kenako papuleyo amapangika kansalu, kamene kamaoneka ngati chithuza chodzaza madzi. Pamapeto pake, dera lamatendawa likhala ndi nkhanambo. Ngakhale izi zikuwonetsa zomwe madokotala nthawi zambiri amawona ngati katemera wabwino, zitha kusiya chizindikiro kwa anthu ena.

Kodi nchifukwa ninji panali zipsera?

Zipsera ngati mawonekedwe a katemera wa nthomba chifukwa cha machiritso achilengedwe amthupi. Khungu likavulala (monganso katemera wa nthomba), thupi limayankha mwachangu kukonza minofu. Zotsatira zake ndi chotupa, chomwe chimakhalabe khungu la khungu, koma ulusi wa khungu umapangidwira mbali imodzi m'malo mozungulira mbali zosiyanasiyana monga khungu lina lonse. Maselo abwinobwino a khungu amatenga nthawi kuti akule pomwe zilonda zamiyendo zimatha kukula msanga. Ngakhale zotsatira zake ndizoteteza, anthu amatha kutsalira ndi chikumbutso chowoneka chovulala pakhungu.

Kwa anthu ambiri, nthomba ya nthomba ndi kansalu kakang'ono, kozungulira kamene kali kotsika kuposa khungu lozungulira. Zipsera za anthu ambiri sizikulu kuposa kukula kwa chofufutira pensulo, ngakhale ena akhoza kukhala ndi zipsera zokulirapo. Nthawi zina amatha kuyabwa ndipo khungu limamverera molimbika mozungulira iwo. Izi ndizotsatira zachilengedwe za kukula kwa minofu.

Anthu ena amakhala ndi zotupa zosiyanasiyana pakovulala khungu. Atha kukhala okonda kupanga ziwombankhanga zochulukirapo ngati keloid. Ichi ndi chilonda chomwe chimakula chifukwa chovulala pakhungu. Amadziwika kuti amapangidwa paphewa ndipo amatha kuyambitsa bala, kufalikira komwe kumawoneka ngati kwatulukira pakhungu ndikulimba. Madokotala sakudziwa chifukwa chake anthu ena amalandira keloids pomwe ena satero. Amadziwa omwe ali ndi mbiri yakale ya mabanja (a zaka 10 mpaka 30), ndipo ochokera ku Africa, Asia, kapena Puerto Rico ali ndi mwayi wokhala ndi ma keloids, malinga ndi American Academy of Dermatology.

Pakukula kwa nthomba, kukhala ndi kachilombo koyambitsa matenda a nthomba chinali chizindikiro chopindulitsa chifukwa azaumoyo amatha kuganiza kuti munthu ali ndi katemera wa kachilomboka. Mwachitsanzo, ogwira ntchito yolowa ndi kutuluka kwa anthu pachilumba cha Ellis ku New York amadziwika kuti amayendera mikono ya anthu obwera kudzakhala ndi katemera wa nthomba asanavomerezedwe ku United States.

Ngakhale adapanga zipsera, katemerayu amadziwika kuti amayambitsa zovuta zochepa akapatsidwa pamanja, poyerekeza ndi matako kapena madera ena.

BCG vs. chilonda cha nthomba

Kuphatikiza pa zipsera zodziwika za katemera wa nthomba, palinso katemera wina yemwe amayambitsa zipsera zofananira. Izi zimadziwika kuti katemera wa Bacillus Calmette-Guérin kapena BCG. Katemerayu amagwiritsidwa ntchito kuteteza anthu ku chifuwa chachikulu cha anthu. Mitundu yonse iwiri ya katemera imatha kusiya zipsera zakumtunda.

Nthawi zambiri, munthu amatha kusiyanitsa katemera wa nthomba ndi zipsera za BCG poganizira izi:

• Katemera wa nthomba sanagawidwe kwambiri ku United States pambuyo pa 1972. Ngati munthu adabadwa pambuyo pa nthawi imeneyi, chilonda chake cha katemera mwina ndi chilonda cha BCG.
• Katemera wa BCG samagwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi zambiri ku United States, chifukwa chifuwa chachikulu chimachitika motsika mtengo. Komabe, katemerayu amagwiritsidwa ntchito pafupipafupi m'maiko omwe kuchuluka kwa TB kumachitika, monga Mexico.
• Ngakhale mitundu yofiirira imatha kusiyanasiyana, chilonda cha BCG chimakonda kukwezedwa ndikuzungulira pang'ono. Chipsera chaching'ono chimayamba kupsinjika, kapena pansi pakhungu. Ndizozungulira pang'ono, m'mbali mwake.

Jakisoni wa BCG amaperekedwanso mkati, monga katemera wa nthomba.

Malangizo okutha pachilonda

Mankhwala a khungu la nthomba ndi ofanana ndi omwe amawononga khungu lonse. Malangizo ena ochepetsera chilonda ndi awa:

• Kuvala zoteteza ku dzuwa nthawi zonse pachilonda. Kutentha kwa dzuwa kumatha kupangitsa kuti zilonda zamiyala ziziwoneka zakuda komanso zakuda. Izi zitha kupangitsa katemera wa nthomba kuti awonekere kwambiri.
• Kupaka mafuta ofewetsa khungu omwe angathandize kuchepetsa mawonekedwe. Zitsanzo zake ndi batala wa koko, mafuta achilengedwe, aloe, kapena mafuta onunkhira omwe ali ndi allium cepa (babu ya anyezi). Komabe, mankhwalawa sanatsimikizidwe mwasayansi kuti amachepetsa kwathunthu mawonekedwe a zipsera.
• Kulankhula ndi dokotala za dermabrasion, njira yomwe imagwira ntchito kuchotsa khungu lakunja kuti lithandizire kuchira. Zotsatira za njirayi yochizira zipsera sizimadziwika.
• Kulankhula ndi dokotala za kusintha kwa mabala, njira yomwe imakhudza kuchotsa khungu lomwe lakhudzidwa ndikulumikiza chilondacho. Ngakhale izi zimapangitsanso chilonda china, chilonda chatsopanocho sichimawonekera kwenikweni.
• Kulankhula ndi dokotala za kulumikiza khungu, komwe kumalowetsa malo owopsya ndi khungu latsopano, labwino. Komabe, khungu loyang'ana mozungulira komwe kumezererako lingawoneke losiyana kwambiri.

Ngati nthomba yanu ya nthomba idayamba kukhala keloid, mutha kupaka ma sheet a silicone (ngati bandeji) kapena gel ku keloid. Izi zitha kuthandiza kuchepetsa kukula kwa keloid.

Kutenga

Mwa ogwira ntchito opitilira 37,500 omwe adalandira katemera wa nthomba mu 2003, zipsera pafupifupi 21 za katemera zidachitika, malinga ndi magazini ya Clinical Infectious Diseases. Mwa iwo omwe akukumana ndi zotupa, nthawi yayitali yodziwira chilondacho inali masiku 64.

Ngakhale zipsera za nthomba zingapezekebe, munthu ayenera kuwunika ngati chilonda chake chimafuna chithandizo kuti achepetse mawonekedwe ake. Zipsera zambiri zimachotsedwa kapena kusinthidwa kuti ziwoneke, osati zovuta zathanzi.