Kodi Zizindikiro za Gawo 4 la Melanoma Limawoneka Motani?

Zamkati

• Kodi zotupa za siteji 4 zimawoneka bwanji?
• Kutupa kwamatenda
• Kukula kwa chotupa
• Zilonda zam'mimba
• Kudziyesa wekha
• Kodi khansa ya khansa imafalikira kuti?
• Kodi mumachiza bwanji gawo lachinayi la khansa ya pakhungu?
• Mayesero azachipatala
• Maganizo a gawo 4 la khansa ya khansa ndi yotani?
• Mitengo yopulumuka
• Kupeza chithandizo

Kodi gawo 4 lachidziwitso la khansa ya khansa limatanthauza chiyani?

Gawo 4 ndiye gawo lotukuka kwambiri la khansa ya pakhungu, khansa yapakhungu yoopsa. Izi zikutanthauza kuti khansara yafalikira kuchokera ku ma lymph node kupita ku ziwalo zina, nthawi zambiri mapapu. Madokotala ena amatchulanso gawo lachinayi la khansa ya khansa yotchedwa melanoma.

Kuti mupeze khansa ya khansa ya 4, dokotala wanu azichita:

• kuyesa magazi, kuyang'ana kuchuluka kwa magazi ndi magwiridwe antchito a chiwindi
• zojambula, monga ultrasound ndi kujambula, kuti muwone momwe khansara yafalikira
• biopsies, kuchotsa chitsanzo choyesa
• misonkhano yamagulu osiyanasiyana, kapena misonkhano ndi gulu la akatswiri a khansa yapakhungu

Nthawi zina khansa ya pakhungu imatha kuonekanso ikachotsedwa.

Dokotala wanu adzayang'ana komwe khansara yafalikira komanso mulingo wanu wokwera wa serum lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) kuti mudziwe momwe khansa ilili. Pitirizani kuwerenga kuti muwone momwe zizindikiro za khansa ya khansa ya khansa imawonekera.

Kodi zotupa za siteji 4 zimawoneka bwanji?

Kusintha kwa mole yomwe ilipo kapena khungu labwinobwino kungakhale chizindikiro choyamba kuti khansara yafalikira. Koma zizindikilo zakuthupi za khansa ya khansa ya khansa ya khansa sichofanana kwa aliyense. Dokotala azindikira khansa ya khansa ya 4 poyang'ana pa chotupa choyambirira, kufalikira kwa ma lymph node, komanso ngati chotupacho chafalikira kumatumba osiyanasiyana. Ngakhale adotolo sangakhazikitse matenda awo kutengera momwe chotupacho chimawonekera, gawo lina la matendawa limaphatikizapo kuyang'ana chotupa choyambirira.

Kutupa kwamatenda

Chizindikiro cha siteji 4 ya khansa ya khansa ndi yosavuta kumva kuposa momwe imawonekera. Khansa ya pakhungu ikafalikira kuma lymph node apafupi, ma node amatha kupindika, kapena kulumikizana. Mukasindikiza ma lymph node, amatha kumva kukhala olimba komanso olimba. Dokotala, wofufuza za khansa yapakhungu yapamtima, atha kukhala munthu woyamba kuzindikira chizindikirochi.

Kukula kwa chotupa

Kukula kwa chotupacho sikakhala chisonyezo chabwino nthawi zonse cha khansa yapakhungu. Koma American Joint Commission on Cancer (AJCC) ikunena kuti gawo la 4 zotupa za khansa ya khansa imayamba kukhala yolimba - yopitilira mamilimita 4 kuya. Komabe, chifukwa gawo lachinayi la khansa ya khansa imapezeka kamodzi kokha khansa ya khansa ikafalikira kumatenda akutali kapena ziwalo zina, kukula kwa chotupacho kumasiyanasiyana malinga ndi munthu. Kuphatikiza apo, chithandizo chitha kuchepetsa chotupacho, koma khansayo imatha kufalikira.

Zilonda zam'mimba

Zotupa zina za khansa yapakhungu zimakhala ndi zilonda zam'mimba, kapena zimatuluka pakhungu. Kutsegulira kumeneku kumatha kuyamba pomwe khansa yoyamba ya khansa imatha ndipo imatha kupitilirabe. Ngati muli ndi khansa ya khansa yapakhungu yachinayi, chotupa cha khungu lanu chitha kusweka kapena kutuluka magazi.

Malinga ndi American Cancer Society, khansa yapakhungu yomwe imakhala ndi zilonda zam'mimba imawonetsa kupulumuka kochepa.

Kudziyesa wekha

Muthanso kutsatira ma ABCDE kuti mudziyese nokha ngati ali ndi khansa ya khansa. Yang'anani:

• asymmetry: mole ikakhala yosafanana
• malire: malire osasinthika kapena osadziwika bwino
• mtundu: mtundu wosiyanasiyana pa mole
• m'mimba mwake: khansa ya khansa nthawi zambiri imakhala kukula kwa zofufutira pensulo kapena zokulirapo
• kusinthika: kusintha mawonekedwe, kukula, kapena mtundu wa mole kapena chotupa

Lankhulani ndi dokotala ngati muwona kuti mole yatsopano kapena zotupa pakhungu lanu, makamaka ngati mwapezeka kale ndi khansa ya khansa.

Kodi khansa ya khansa imafalikira kuti?

Khansa ya khansa ikafika pagawo lachitatu, zikutanthauza kuti chotupacho chafalikira kumatenda kapena khungu loyandikira chotupa choyambirira ndi ma lymph node. Gawo 4, khansara yasamukira kumadera ena kupitirira ma lymph node, monga ziwalo zanu zamkati. Malo omwe khansa ya khansa imafalikira kwambiri ndi awa:

• mapapo
• chiwindi
• mafupa
• ubongo
• mimba, kapena mimba

Kukula kumeneku kumabweretsa zizindikiro zosiyanasiyana, kutengera madera omwe afalikira. Mwachitsanzo, mumatha kupuma kapena kutsokomola nthawi zonse ngati khansara yafalikira m'mapapu anu. Kapenanso mutha kukhala ndi mutu wotalika womwe sutha ngati wafalikira kuubongo. Nthawi zina zizindikiro za khansa ya khansa ya khansa ya khansa ya khansa ya khansa ya m'mawere imatha kupezeka kwa zaka zambiri chisanachitike.

Lankhulani ndi dokotala wanu ngati mukumva zowawa zatsopano kapena zowawa kapena zizindikiro. Adzathandiza kuzindikira zomwe zimayambitsa vutoli ndikulangiza njira zamankhwala.

Kodi mumachiza bwanji gawo lachinayi la khansa ya pakhungu?

Nkhani yabwino ndiyakuti ngakhale gawo 4 la khansa ya khansa imatha kuchiritsidwa. Khansara ikapezeka msanga, imatha kuchotsedwa mwachangu - ndipo mwayi wanu wokula bwino umakulanso. Gawo 4 la khansa ya khansa ilinso ndi njira zamankhwala zothandizira, koma zosankhazi zimadalira:

• komwe kuli khansara
• kumene khansara yafalikira
• zizindikiro zanu
• momwe khansara yapita patsogolo
• msinkhu wanu komanso thanzi lanu lonse

Momwe mumayankhira kuchipatala zimakhudzanso zosankha zanu. Mankhwala asanu a khansa ya khansa ndi awa:

• opaleshoni: kuchotsa chotupa choyambirira ndi ma lymph node omwe akhudzidwa
• chemotherapy: mankhwala olepheretsa kukula kwa maselo a khansa
• radiation radiation: kugwiritsa ntchito ma X-ray amphamvu kwambiri oletsa kukula ndi maselo a khansa
• immunotherapy: chithandizo chothandizira chitetezo cha mthupi lanu
• mankhwalawa: kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo kapena zinthu zina pothana ndi mankhwala a khansa

Mankhwala ena amathanso kudalira komwe khansara yafalikira. Dokotala wanu akukambirana zomwe mungachite kuti muthandizireni mapulani amachitidwe azachipatala.

Mayesero azachipatala

Njira zambiri zamankhwala zamankhwala zamankhwala zamankhwala zamankhwala zamankhwala masiku ano zimachokera kumayesero azachipatala koyambirira. Mungafune kutenga nawo mbali pakuyesa kwa khansa ya khansa, makamaka ngati ndi khansa ya khansa yomwe singathe kuchotsedwa ndi opaleshoni. Chiyeso chilichonse chidzakhala ndi zake. Zina zimafuna anthu omwe sanalandire chithandizo pomwe ena amayesa njira zatsopano zochepetsera zovuta za khansa. Mutha kupeza mayesero azachipatala kudzera mu Melanoma Research Foundation kapena.

Maganizo a gawo 4 la khansa ya khansa ndi yotani?

Khansara ikafalikira, kupeza ndikuthandizira ma khansa kumakhala kovuta kwambiri. Inu ndi dokotala mutha kupanga pulani yomwe imakwaniritsa zosowa zanu. Mankhwalawa akuyenera kukupangitsani kukhala omasuka, koma ayeneranso kuchotsa kapena kuchepetsa kukula kwa khansa. Chiwerengero choyembekezeredwa chaimfa yokhudzana ndi khansa ya khansa ndi anthu 10,130 pachaka. Maganizo a gawo 4 la khansa ya khansa amadalira momwe khansara yafalikira. Nthawi zambiri zimakhala bwino ngati khansara yangofalikira kumadera akutali akhungu ndi ma lymph node m'malo mwa ziwalo zina.

Mitengo yopulumuka

Mu 2008, zaka 5 zapulumuka pa siteji 4 ya khansa yapakhungu inali pafupifupi 15-20%, pomwe zaka 10 zapulumuka zinali pafupifupi 10-15%. Kumbukirani kuti manambalawa akuwonetsa chithandizo chopezeka panthawiyo. Chithandizo nthawi zonse chimapita patsogolo, ndipo mitengoyi ndi yongoyerekeza. Maganizo anu amadaliranso momwe thupi lanu lingayankhire mankhwala ndi zinthu zina monga msinkhu, malo omwe khansara ili, komanso ngati muli ndi chitetezo chamthupi chofooka.

Kupeza chithandizo

Kuzindikira khansa yamtundu uliwonse kumatha kukhala kovuta. Kuphunzira zambiri za momwe mungakhalire komanso chithandizo chomwe mungalandire kungakuthandizeni kuti muzitha kulamulira tsogolo lanu. Komanso, kudziwitsa anzanu ndi abale za gawo lililonse laulendo wanu kungathandizenso kuti mupite patsogolo kuchipatala.

Lankhulani ndi dokotala wanu za malingaliro anu ndi mayesero azachipatala omwe angakhalepo, ngati ndinu woyenera. Muthanso kulumikizana ndi magulu othandizira mdera lanu kuti mugawane zomwe mwakumana nazo ndikuphunzira momwe anthu ena adagonjetsera zovuta zomwezo. American Melanoma Foundation ili ndi mndandanda wamagulu othandizira anthu odwala khansa ya khansa m'dziko lonselo.