Magawo a Dementia

Zamkati

• Mitundu ya matenda amisala
• Matenda a Alzheimer
• Dementia ndi matupi a Lewy
• Matenda a mtima
• Matenda a Parkinson
• Dementia yakutsogolo
• Kusokonezeka maganizo
• Kodi matenda a dementia amapezeka bwanji?
• Kuyesa kwamalingaliro ang'onoang'ono (MMSE)
• Mayeso a Mini-Cog
• Chiwerengero cha matenda a dementia (CDR)
• Kodi magawo a dementia ndi ati?
• Kuwonongeka pang'ono pakumvetsetsa (MCI)
• Dementia wofatsa
• Dementia yapakatikati
• Kusokonezeka maganizo kwambiri
• Kodi anthu omwe ali ndi matenda a dementia ali ndi malingaliro otani?

Kodi dementia ndi chiyani?

Dementia amatanthauza gulu la matenda omwe amachititsa kuti kukumbukira kukumbukira komanso kuwonongeka kwa ntchito zina zamaganizidwe. Dementia imachitika chifukwa cha kusintha kwa thupi muubongo ndipo ndi matenda opita patsogolo, kutanthauza kuti amawonjezeka pakapita nthawi. Kwa anthu ena, matenda amisala amakula msanga, pomwe zimatenga zaka kuti afikire ena patsogolo. Kukula kwa matenda a dementia kumadalira kwambiri chomwe chimayambitsa matendawa. Ngakhale anthu amakumana ndi magawo amisala mosiyanasiyana, anthu ambiri omwe ali ndi matenda amisala amagawana zizindikilozi.

Mitundu ya matenda amisala

Zizindikiro komanso kukula kwa matendawa zimadalira mtundu wa matenda amisala omwe munthu amakhala nawo. Mitundu ina yamatenda omwe amapezeka kwambiri ndi awa:

Matenda a Alzheimer

Matenda a Alzheimer ndimatenda ofala kwambiri. Imakhala 60 mpaka 80% ya milandu. Nthawi zambiri chimakhala matenda opita pang'onopang'ono. Munthu wamba amakhala zaka zinayi kapena zisanu ndi zitatu atalandira matendawa. Anthu ena amatha zaka 20 atapezeka ndi matenda awo.

Alzheimer's imachitika chifukwa cha kusintha kwa thupi muubongo, kuphatikiza kuchuluka kwa mapuloteni ena ndi kuwonongeka kwa mitsempha.

Dementia ndi matupi a Lewy

Dementia yokhala ndi matupi a Lewy ndi mtundu wina wamatenda am'mutu omwe amapezeka chifukwa cha mapuloteni am'mimba. Kuphatikiza pa kukumbukira kukumbukira ndi kusokonezeka, matenda a dementia omwe ali ndi matupi a Lewy amathanso kuyambitsa:

• kusokonezeka kwa tulo
• kuyerekezera zinthu m'maganizo
• kusalinganika
• zovuta zina zoyenda

Matenda a mtima

Matenda a dementia, omwe amadziwikanso kuti post-stroke kapena dementia yambiri, amachititsa pafupifupi 10 peresenti ya matenda a dementia. Zimayambitsidwa ndi mitsempha yamagazi yotsekedwa. Izi zimachitika sitiroko ndi kuvulala kwina kwaubongo.

Matenda a Parkinson

Matenda a Parkinson ndimatenda amtundu wa neurodegenerative omwe amatha kupanga dementia yofanana ndi ya Alzheimer's m'masiku ake amtsogolo. Matendawa amabweretsa mavuto poyenda komanso kuyendetsa magalimoto, komanso amathanso kuyambitsa matenda amisala mwa anthu ena.

Dementia yakutsogolo

Matenda a Frontotemporal amatanthauza gulu lama dementias lomwe nthawi zambiri limasintha umunthu ndi machitidwe. Ikhozanso kuyambitsa vuto la chilankhulo. Matenda a Frontotemporal amatha kuchitika chifukwa cha zinthu zosiyanasiyana, kuphatikiza matenda a Pick ndi kupunduka kwapang'onopang'ono kwa supranuclear.

Kusokonezeka maganizo

Dementia yosakanikirana ndi matenda amisala momwe mitundu ingapo yamaganizidwe oyambitsa matenda amisala ilipo. Izi ndizofala kwambiri za matenda a Alzheimer's and dementia, koma atha kuphatikizanso mitundu ina ya matenda amisala.

Kodi matenda a dementia amapezeka bwanji?

Palibe mayeso amodzi omwe angadziwe ngati muli ndi matenda a dementia. Kuzindikira kumatengera mayeso osiyanasiyana azachipatala komanso mbiri yanu yazachipatala. Ngati muwonetsa zizindikilo za dementia dokotala wanu azichita:

• kuyezetsa thupi
• kuyeza kwamitsempha
• kuyezetsa magazi
• mayesero ena a labotale kuti athetse zina zomwe zimayambitsa matenda anu

Sikuti kusokonezeka konse ndi kukumbukira kukumbukira kumawonetsa kusokonezeka, chifukwa chake ndikofunikira kuthana ndi zina, monga kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo komanso mavuto amtundu wa chithokomiro.

Mayesero ena omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito pozindikira kuti ali ndi matenda amisala ndi awa:

Kuyesa kwamalingaliro ang'onoang'ono (MMSE)

MMSE ndi funso lofunsira kuwonongeka kwazidziwitso. MMSE imagwiritsa ntchito sikelo ya mfundo 30 ndipo imaphatikizapo mafunso omwe amayesa kukumbukira, kugwiritsa ntchito chilankhulo komanso kumvetsetsa, komanso luso lagalimoto, mwazinthu zina. Mapepala a 24 kapena kupitilira apo amawonetsa magwiridwe antchito azizindikiritso. Pomwe zambiri 23 ndi pansipa zikuwonetsa kuti muli ndi vuto linalake lazidziwitso.

Mayeso a Mini-Cog

Uwu ndi mayeso achidule othandizira dokotala wanu kuzindikira matenda amisala. Zimaphatikizapo izi:

1. Adzatchula mawu atatu ndikukufunsani kuti muwabwezere.
2. Akupemphani kuti mujambula wotchi.
3. Akufunsani kuti mubwereze mawuwo kuchokera pachigawo choyamba.

Chiwerengero cha matenda a dementia (CDR)

Ngati dokotala wanu akupezani kuti muli ndi matenda a dementia, amathanso kukupatsani mphotho ya CDR. Izi zakhazikitsidwa chifukwa cha momwe mumagwirira ntchito poyesa izi komanso zina, komanso mbiri yanu yazachipatala. Zotsatira ndi izi:

• Zolemba 0 ndi zachilendo.
• Chiwerengero cha 0,5 ndikutsika mtima kwambiri.
• Mphambu 1 ndi dementia wofatsa.
• Mapu a 2 ndi matenda a dementia ochepa.
• Chiwerengero cha 3 ndi matenda amisala.

Kodi magawo a dementia ndi ati?

Dementia imapita mosiyana mwa aliyense. Anthu ambiri azindikira zizindikiro zomwe zakhudzana ndi magawo otsatirawa a matenda a Alzheimer's:

Kuwonongeka pang'ono pakumvetsetsa (MCI)

MCI ndimkhalidwe womwe ungakhudze achikulire. Ena mwa anthuwa apitilizabe kudwala matenda a Alzheimer's. MCI imadziwika ndikutaya zinthu nthawi zambiri, kuyiwala, komanso kukhala ndi vuto lopeza mawu.

Dementia wofatsa

Anthu atha kukhalabe odziyimira pawokha pakudwala nkhawa. Komabe, adzakumana ndi zikumbukiro zomwe zimakhudza moyo watsiku ndi tsiku, monga kuyiwala mawu kapena komwe kuli zinthu. Zizindikiro zodziwika bwino za matenda amisala ndi monga:

• kukumbukira kukumbukira zochitika zaposachedwa
• kusintha kwa umunthu, monga kugonjetsedwa kapena kudzipatula
• kusochera kapena kuyika zinthu molakwika
• zovuta ndi kuthetsa mavuto ndi ntchito zovuta, monga kusamalira ndalama
• zovuta kukonza kapena kufotokoza malingaliro

Dementia yapakatikati

Anthu omwe ali ndi vuto la kuchepa kwamaganizidwe amafunikira thandizo lina m'moyo wawo watsiku ndi tsiku. Zimakhala zovuta kuchita zinthu zatsiku ndi tsiku komanso kudzisamalira momwe matenda amisala amakulira. Zizindikiro zodziwika panthawiyi ndi izi:

• kuwonjezeka kwa chisokonezo kapena kusaganiza bwino
• kukumbukira kwambiri kukumbukira, kuphatikizapo kutayika kwa zochitika zakale kwambiri
• kufuna thandizo pantchito zina, monga kuvala, kusamba, ndi kudzikongoletsa
• kusintha kwakukulu kwa umunthu ndi machitidwe, omwe nthawi zambiri amayamba chifukwa cha kusakhazikika komanso kukayikira kopanda tanthauzo
• kusintha kwa magonedwe, monga kugona masana komanso kusowa tulo usiku

Kusokonezeka maganizo kwambiri

Anthu adzawonanso kuchepa kwamaganizidwe ndikuwonjezeka kwa kuthekera kwakuthupi nthenda itangofika pamlingo wochepa kwambiri. Kuchuluka kwa matenda amisala nthawi zambiri kumatha kuyambitsa:

• kulephera kulankhulana
• chosowa chothandizira nthawi zonse tsiku ndi tsiku ndi ntchito, monga kudya ndi kuvala
• kutaya kuthekera kwakuthupi, monga kuyenda, kukhala, ndi kugwira mutu m'mwamba, kenako, kumeza, kuwongolera chikhodzodzo, ndi matumbo
• chiwopsezo chowonjezeka cha matenda, monga chibayo

Kodi anthu omwe ali ndi matenda a dementia ali ndi malingaliro otani?

Anthu omwe ali ndi matenda a dementia apitilira magawo awa mothamanga mosiyanasiyana komanso azizindikiro zosiyanasiyana. Ngati mukuganiza kuti mwina mukukumana ndi zizindikilo zoyambirira za dementia, lankhulani ndi dokotala wanu. Ngakhale kulibe mankhwala a Alzheimer's and dementias ofala, kuzindikira koyambirira kumatha kuthandiza anthu ndi mabanja awo kukonzekera zamtsogolo. Kuzindikira koyambirira kumathandizanso kuti anthu azichita nawo zoyeserera zamankhwala. Izi zimathandiza ofufuza kupeza mankhwala atsopano ndipo pamapeto pake amapeza mankhwala.