Magawo a Khansa ya Colon

Zamkati

• Momwe khansa ya m'matumbo imachitikira
• Gawo la khansa
• Gawo 0
• Gawo 1
• Gawo 2
• Gawo 3
• Gawo 4
• Otsika pang'ono motsutsana ndi apamwamba
• Zizindikiro za khansa ya m'matumbo
• Kuyesera kudziwa gawo la khansa ya m'matumbo
• Momwe khansa ya m'matumbo imathandizidwira gawo lililonse
• Kutenga

Momwe khansa ya m'matumbo imachitikira

Ngati mwapezeka kuti muli ndi khansa ya m'matumbo (yomwe imadziwikanso kuti khansa yoyipa), chimodzi mwazinthu zoyambirira zomwe dokotala angafune kudziwa ndi gawo la khansa yanu.

Sitejiyi imafotokoza kukula kwa khansa komanso momwe yayandikira. Khansa ya m'matumbo ndiyofunika kudziwa njira yabwino yochizira.

Khansa ya m'matumbo imachitika motengera dongosolo lomwe American Joint Committee on Cancer lotchedwa TNM staging system.

Njirayi imaganizira zinthu izi:

• Chotupa choyambirira (T). Chotupa choyambirira chimatanthauza kukula kwa chotupa choyambirira komanso ngati khansa yakula mpaka kukhoma kapena kufalikira kumadera oyandikira.
• Zilonda zam'mimba zam'madera (N). Ma lymph node amchigawo amatanthauza ngati ma cell a khansa afalikira kuma lymph node apafupi.
• Ma metastases akutali (M): Metastases akutali amatanthauza ngati khansa yafalikira kuchokera kumtumba kupita kumadera ena a thupi, monga mapapo kapena chiwindi.

Gawo la khansa

Munjira iliyonse, matendawa amagawidwa mopitilira muyeso ndipo amapatsidwa nambala kapena kalata yosonyeza kukula kwa matendawa. Ntchito izi zimakhazikitsidwa potengera momwe matumbo amapangidwira, komanso momwe khansara yakulira kupitirira zigawo za khoma lamatumbo.

Magawo a khansa ya m'matumbo ndi awa:

Gawo 0

Ili ndiye gawo loyambirira la khansa yam'matumbo ndipo limatanthauza kuti silinakule kupitirira mucosa, kapena mkatikati mwa matumbo.

Gawo 1

Gawo 1 khansa ya m'matumbo imasonyeza kuti khansara yakula mpaka mkatikati mwa colon, yotchedwa mucosa, kupita kumtunda wotsatira wa colon, wotchedwa submucosa. Sinafalikire kumatenda am'mimba.

Gawo 2

Gawo lachiwiri la khansa yam'matumbo, matendawa ndiwotsogola pang'ono kuposa gawo loyamba ndipo lakula kupitirira mucosa ndi submucosa wa colon.

Gawo 2 khansa yam'matumbo imagawidwanso ngati gawo 2A, 2B, kapena 2C:

• Gawo 2A. Khansara siinafalikire kumatenda am'mimba kapena minofu yapafupi. Ifika mpaka kunja kwa matumbo koma sinakule kwathunthu.
• 2B siteji. Khansara siinafalikire kumatenda am'mimba, koma yakula ngakhale gawo lakunja la kholalo komanso ku visceral peritoneum. Ili ndiye nembanemba lomwe limasunga ziwalo zam'mimba m'malo mwake.
• 2C siteji. Khansara sichipezeka m'mitsempha yapafupi, koma kuwonjezera pakukula kudzera pakatikati, imakula mpaka ku ziwalo kapena ziwalo zapafupi.

Gawo 3

Gawo 3 khansa yam'matumbo imagawidwa ngati gawo 3A, 3B, ndi 3C:

• Gawo la 3A. Chotupacho chakula kapena kupyola mu minofu ya m'matumbo ndipo chimapezeka m'mitsempha yapafupi. Sinafalikire kumadera akutali kapena ziwalo.
• Gawo la 3B. Chotupacho chakula kupyola kunja kwa kholalo ndikulowa mu visceral peritoneum kapena kulowerera ziwalo zina kapena ziwalo, ndipo amapezeka 1 mpaka 3 ma lymph node. Kapena chotupacho sichidutsa mkatikati mwa khoma lam'matumbo koma chimapezeka m'matumba 4 kapena kupitilira apo.
• 3C gawo. Chotupacho chakula kupitirira minofu yam'mimba ndipo khansa imapezeka mu ma lymph node 4 kapena kupitilira apo, koma osati malo akutali.

Gawo 4

Gawo 4 khansa yam'matumbo imagawidwa m'magulu awiri, gawo 4A ndi 4B:

• 4A siteji. Gawo ili likuwonetsa kuti khansa yafalikira kudera limodzi lakutali, monga chiwindi kapena mapapo.
• Gawo la 4B. Gawo lotsogola kwambiri la khansa ya m'matumbo likuwonetsa kuti khansa yafalikira m'malo awiri kapena kupitilira apo, monga mapapo ndi chiwindi.

Otsika pang'ono motsutsana ndi apamwamba

Kuphatikiza pakupanga, khansa yam'matumbo amadziwikanso kuti ndi otsika kapena apamwamba.

Dokotala akamayesa maselo a khansa pansi pa microscope, amapereka nambala kuchokera pa 1 mpaka 4 kutengera momwe ma cellwo amawonekera ngati maselo athanzi.

Kutalika kwa magiredi, ma cell amawonekera kwambiri. Ngakhale zimatha kusiyanasiyana, khansa yotsika kwambiri imayamba kuchepa kuposa khansa yapamwamba. Kulosera kumatchulidwanso kuti ndi kwabwino kwa anthu omwe ali ndi khansa ya m'matumbo otsika.

Zizindikiro za khansa ya m'matumbo

Kumayambiriro kwa khansa yamatumbo, nthawi zambiri pamakhala zizindikilo kapena zizindikilo. M'kupita kwanthawi, zizindikilo zimasiyanasiyana kutengera kukula kwa chotupa ndi malo m'matumbo anu akulu.

Zizindikirozi zitha kuphatikiza:

• sintha zizolowezi za matumbo
• magazi mu chopondapo kapena magazi am'magazi
• kupweteka m'mimba
• kutopa
• kuonda kosadziwika

Kuyesera kudziwa gawo la khansa ya m'matumbo

Pali zosankha 4 zowunika za khansa yoyipa:

• fecal immunochemical test (FIT) chaka chilichonse
• KHALANI zaka ziwiri zilizonse
• anayankha
• chiwonetsero

Malinga ndi American College of Physicians, colonoscopy ndiye mayeso oyesedwa a khansa ya m'matumbo. Komabe, ngati pazifukwa zina, simukuyenera kuyimira colonoscopy, amalimbikitsa mayeso a FIT komanso sigmoidoscopy.

Ngati mutayesa mayeso a FIT kapena sigmoidoscopy mukayesa kuti muli ndi khansa yoyipa, omwe amakuthandizani paumoyo wanu angakupatseni colonoscopy kuti mutsimikizire kuti mwapezeka.

Colonoscopy ndimayeso owunikira pomwe dokotala amagwiritsa ntchito chubu lalitali, chopapatiza chokhala ndi kamera yaying'ono yolumikizidwa kuti muwone mkatikati mwa colon yanu.

Ngati khansa ya m'matumbo ipezeka, pamafunika mayeso ena kuti mudziwe kukula kwa chotupacho komanso ngati chafalikira kupitilira koloni.

Kuyezetsa kozindikira komwe kumachitika kungaphatikizepo kulingalira pamimba, chiwindi, ndi chifuwa ndimakanema a CT, X-ray, kapena MRI scan.

Pakhoza kukhala zochitika pomwe gawo la matendawa silingathe kutsimikizika mpaka atachita opareshoni yamatumbo. Pambuyo pa opaleshoni, wodwalayo amatha kuyesa chotupa choyambirira limodzi ndi ma lymph node omwe amachotsedwa, omwe amathandiza kudziwa momwe matenda amathandizira.

Momwe khansa ya m'matumbo imathandizidwira gawo lililonse

Mankhwala omwe amalimbikitsidwa ndi khansa yam'matumbo amadalira gawo la matendawa. Kumbukirani, chithandizo chimaganiziranso kuchuluka kwa khansa, msinkhu wanu, ndi thanzi lanu lonse.

Malinga ndi American Cancer Society, gawo lililonse la khansa yam'matumbo limathandizidwa ndi izi:

• Gawo 0. Opaleshoni nthawi zambiri ndiyo njira yokhayo yofunikira yothandizira khansa ya m'matumbo 0.
• Gawo 1. Kuchita opaleshoni kokha kumalimbikitsidwa pa khansa yoyamba ya khansa yoyamba. Njira yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito imatha kusiyanasiyana kutengera komwe chotupacho chili ndi kukula kwake.
• Gawo 2. Kuchita opaleshoni ndikulimbikitsidwa kuchotsa gawo la khansa m'matumbo ndi ma lymph node apafupi. Chemotherapy ingalimbikitsidwe nthawi zina, monga ngati khansara imawonedwa kuti ndiyabwino kwambiri kapena ngati pali zoopsa zina.
• Gawo 3. Chithandizocho chimaphatikizapo opaleshoni yochotsa chotupacho ndi ma lymph node otsatiridwa ndi chemotherapy. Nthawi zina, mankhwala othandizira ma radiation amathanso kulimbikitsidwa.
• Gawo 4. Chithandizocho chingaphatikizepo kuchitidwa opaleshoni, chemotherapy, komanso mwina radiation. Nthawi zina, chithandizo chamankhwala kapena chitetezo chamthupi chingalimbikitsidwenso.

Kutenga

Gawo la khansa yam'matumbo lidzakhudza momwe mumaonera. Anthu omwe amapezeka kuti ali ndi khansa ya m'matumbo 1 ndi 2 amakhala ndi ziwerengero zambiri zopulumuka.

Kumbukirani, gawo la khansa ya m'matumbo si chinthu chokhacho chomwe chimatsimikizira kuchuluka kwa moyo. Ndikofunika kumvetsetsa kuti zinthu zambiri zimakhudza momwe mumaonera, kuphatikiza momwe mumayankhira kuchipatala, msinkhu wanu, kuchuluka kwanu kwa khansa, komanso thanzi lanu panthawi yomwe mukudwala.