Kodi Kudulira kwa Synaptic Ndi Chiyani?

Zamkati

• Tanthauzo
• Kodi kudulira synaptic kumagwira ntchito bwanji?
• Kodi kudulira synaptic kumachitika liti?
• Gawo loyambirira la embryonic mpaka zaka 2
• Mibadwo 2 mpaka 10 zaka
• Achinyamata
• Kukula msinkhu
• Kodi kudulira synaptic kumafotokozera kuyambika kwa schizophrenia?
• Kodi kudulira synaptic kumayenderana ndi autism?
• Kodi kafukufuku wokhudza kudulira ma synaptic akupita kuti?

Tanthauzo

Kudulira Synaptic ndichinthu chachilengedwe chomwe chimachitika muubongo kuyambira ali mwana mpaka munthu wamkulu. Pakudulira kwa synaptic, ubongo umachotsa ma synapses owonjezera. Synapses ndimapangidwe am'magazi omwe amalola ma neuron kuti atumize chizindikiro chamagetsi kapena chamankhwala ku neuron ina.

Kudulira Synaptic kumaganiziridwa kuti ndiyo njira yaubongo yochotsera kulumikizana muubongo komwe sikufunikanso. Ofufuza apeza posachedwa kuti ubongo ndi "pulasitiki" komanso woumbika kuposa momwe amaganizira kale. Kudulira kwa Synaptic ndi njira yathu yathu yosungira magwiridwe antchito a ubongo tikamakalamba ndikuphunzira chidziwitso chatsopano chatsopano.

Monga zambiri zimaphunziridwa za kudulira kwa synaptic, ofufuza ambiri amafunsanso ngati pali kulumikizana pakati pa kudulira kwa synaptic ndikuyamba kwa zovuta zina, kuphatikiza schizophrenia ndi autism.

Kodi kudulira synaptic kumagwira ntchito bwanji?

Ubwana, ubongo umakula kwambiri. Pali kuphulika kwa mapangidwe a synapse pakati pa ma neuron koyambirira kwa ubongo. Izi zimatchedwa synaptogenesis.

Nthawi yofulumira iyi ya synaptogenesis imathandiza kwambiri pakuphunzira, kukumbukira kukumbukira, ndi kusintha msanga msinkhu wa moyo. Pafupifupi zaka 2 mpaka 3 zakubadwa, kuchuluka kwa ma synapses kumafika pachimake. Koma patangodutsa nthawi yayitali kukula, ubongo umayamba kuchotsa ma synapses omwe safunikiranso.

Ubongo ukangopanga synapse, amatha kulimbikitsidwa kapena kufooka. Izi zimatengera kuti synapse imagwiritsidwa ntchito kangati. Mwanjira ina, njirayi imatsatira mfundo yoti "mugwiritse ntchito kapena itaye": Ma synaps omwe amakhala olimbikira amalimbikitsidwa, ndipo ma synaps omwe sagwira ntchito pang'ono amafooka ndipo pamapeto pake amawadulira. Njira yochotsera ma synapses osagwirizana panthawiyi amadziwika kuti kudulira synaptic.

Kudulira koyambirira kwa synaptic kumakhudzidwa makamaka ndi majini athu. Pambuyo pake, zimadalira zomwe takumana nazo. Mwanjira ina, kaya synapse idulidwa kapena ayi imadalira zomwe mwana akukula amakumana nazo ndi dziko lomwe lawazungulira. Kukondoweza kosalekeza kumapangitsa ma synapses kukula ndikukhazikika. Koma ngati mwana amalandira chilimbikitso chochepa ubongo umakhala wocheperako.

Kodi kudulira synaptic kumachitika liti?

Nthawi yakudulira kwa synaptic imasiyanasiyana ndi dera laubongo. Kudulira kwina kwa synaptic kumayamba koyambirira kwambiri, koma kudulira mwachangu kwambiri kumachitika pakati pazaka 2 mpaka 16.

Gawo loyambirira la embryonic mpaka zaka 2

Kukula kwa ubongo mu mluza kumayamba patangotha ​​milungu ingapo kuchokera pathupi. Pofika mwezi wachisanu ndi chiwiri wa mimba, mwana wosabadwayo amayamba kutulutsa mafunde ake aubongo. Ma neuron atsopano ndi ma synapses amapangidwa ndiubongo pamlingo wokwera kwambiri panthawiyi.

M'chaka choyamba cha moyo, kuchuluka kwa ma synapses muubongo wa khanda kumakula kuposa kakhumi. Pofika zaka 2 kapena 3, khanda limakhala ndi ma synapses pafupifupi 15,000 pa neuron.

M'mawonekedwe owoneka bwino aubongo (gawo lomwe limayang'ana masomphenya), kupanga kwa synapse kumafika pachimake pafupifupi miyezi 8. Mu preortalal cortex, kuchuluka kwama synapses kumachitika nthawi ina mchaka choyamba cha moyo. Gawo ili laubongo limagwiritsidwa ntchito pamakhalidwe osiyanasiyana ovuta, kuphatikiza kukonzekera ndi umunthu.

Mibadwo 2 mpaka 10 zaka

M'chaka chachiwiri chamoyo, kuchuluka kwa ma synapses kumatsika kwambiri. Kudulira kwa Synaptic kumachitika mwachangu kwambiri pakati pa zaka 2 ndi 10. Munthawi imeneyi, pafupifupi 50% yama synapses owonjezera amachotsedwa. Kudera loyang'ana, kudulira kumapitilira mpaka zaka pafupifupi 6.

Achinyamata

Kudulira kwa Synaptic kumapitilira mpakaunyamata, koma osati mwachangu monga kale. Chiwerengero cha ma synapses chimayamba kukhazikika.

Pomwe ofufuza kale amaganiza kuti ubongo umangodulira ma synapses mpaka unyamata, zopita zaposachedwa zapeza nthawi yachiwiri yodulira kumapeto kwa unyamata.

Kukula msinkhu

Malinga ndi kafukufuku watsopano, kudulira kwa synaptic kumangopitilira kukhala munthu wachikulire ndipo kumayima nthawi ina kumapeto kwa zaka za m'ma 20s.

Chosangalatsa ndichakuti, panthawiyi kudulira kumachitika makamaka mu khonde loyambirira laubongo, lomwe ndi gawo laubongo lomwe limakhudzidwa kwambiri pakupanga zisankho, kukulitsa umunthu, komanso kulingalira mozama.

Kodi kudulira synaptic kumafotokozera kuyambika kwa schizophrenia?

Kafukufuku yemwe amayang'ana ubale wapakati pa kudulira kwa synaptic ndi schizophrenia akadali koyambirira. Lingaliro ndilakuti maubongo a schizophrenic "adulira kwambiri," ndipo kudulira mopitilira muyeso kumeneku kumayambitsidwa ndi kusintha kwa majini komwe kumakhudza njira yodulira ya synaptic.

Mwachitsanzo, ofufuza atayang'ana pazithunzi za ubongo wa anthu omwe ali ndi vuto lamaganizidwe, monga schizophrenia, adapeza kuti anthu omwe ali ndi vuto lamaganizidwe amakhala ndi ma synaps ochepa m'chigawo choyambirira poyerekeza ndi ubongo wa anthu omwe alibe mavuto amisala.

Kenako, kafukufuku wofufuzidwa pambuyo pa kufa kwa minyewa ya ubongo ndi DNA kuchokera kwa anthu opitilira 100,000 ndipo adapeza kuti anthu omwe ali ndi schizophrenia ali ndi jini losiyanasiyana lomwe lingagwirizane ndi kupititsa patsogolo kudulira kwa synaptic.

Kafufuzidwe kena kake kofunikira kutsimikizira lingaliro loti kudulira kosazolowereka kumathandizira ku schizophrenia. Ngakhale kudakali kutali, kudulira kwa synaptic kumatha kuyimira chidwi chochiritsira anthu omwe ali ndi vuto lamaganizidwe.

Kodi kudulira synaptic kumayenderana ndi autism?

Asayansi sanatchulebe chifukwa chenicheni cha autism. Zikuwoneka kuti pali zinthu zingapo zomwe zikusewera, koma posachedwapa, kafukufuku wasonyeza kulumikizana pakati pa kusintha kwa majini ena okhudzana ndi synaptic function ndi autism spectrum matenda (ASD).

Mosiyana ndi kafukufuku wokhudzana ndi matenda a schizophrenia, omwe amati ubongo "udulira mopitirira muyeso," ofufuza akuganiza kuti ubongo wa anthu omwe ali ndi autism mwina "sangadulidwe." Mwachidziwitso, ndiye kuti kudulira kocheperako kumabweretsa kuchuluka kwa ma synapses m'malo ena aubongo.

Poyesa izi, ofufuza adayang'ana minofu yaubongo ya ana 13 ndi achinyamata omwe ali ndi autism omwe adamwalira azaka zapakati pa 2 ndi 20. Asayansiwo apeza kuti ubongo wa achinyamata omwe ali ndi autism anali ndi ma synapses ambiri kuposa ubongo wa achinyamata amanjenje . Ana aang'ono m'magulu onsewa anali ndi ma synapses ofanana. Izi zikusonyeza kuti vutoli limatha kuchitika podulira. Kafukufukuyu amangowonetsa kusiyana kwama synapses, koma osakhala ngati kusiyana kumeneku kungakhale chifukwa kapena zotsatira za autism, kapena gulu chabe.

Lingaliro lochepetsera izi lingathandize kufotokozera zina mwazizindikiro za autism, monga chidwi chaphokoso, magetsi, zokumana nazo, komanso khunyu. Ngati pali ma synapses ambiri omwe amawombera nthawi imodzi, munthu yemwe ali ndi autism amatha kukhala ndi phokoso lochulukirapo m'malo moyankhidwa bwino muubongo.

Kuphatikiza apo, kafukufuku wakale adalumikiza autism ndi kusintha kwa majini omwe amachita puloteni yotchedwa mTOR kinase. MTOR yochulukirapo yapezeka muubongo wa odwala autism. Zochita zochulukirapo munjira ya mTOR zawonetsedwanso kuti zimalumikizidwa ndikupanga ma synapses. Kafukufuku wina adapeza kuti mbewa zomwe zimakhala ndi mTOR yochulukirapo zinali ndi zolakwika pakudulira kwawo kwa synaptic ndikuwonetsa machitidwe ngati ASD.

Kodi kafukufuku wokhudza kudulira ma synaptic akupita kuti?

Kudulira Synaptic ndi gawo lofunikira pakukula kwa ubongo. Mwa kuchotsa ma synapses omwe sagwiritsidwenso ntchito, ubongo umagwira bwino ntchito mukamakalamba.

Lero, malingaliro ambiri okhudza kukula kwa ubongo wamunthu amatengera lingaliro ili la pulasitiki wamaubongo. Ochita kafukufuku tsopano akuyang'ana njira zoletsera kudulira ndi mankhwala kapena mankhwala omwe akufuna. Akuwonanso momwe angagwiritsire ntchito chidziwitso chatsopanochi chodulira ma synaptic kuti apititse patsogolo maphunziro aubwana. Ofufuza akuwerenganso momwe mawonekedwe a ma synapses amathandizira pakulemala kwamaganizidwe.

Njira yodulira synaptic ikhoza kukhala chandamale chodalirika cha chithandizo kwa anthu omwe ali ndi matenda ngati schizophrenia ndi autism. Komabe, kafukufuku akadali koyambirira.