Mlembi: Monica Porter
Tsiku La Chilengedwe: 13 Kuguba 2021
Sinthani Tsiku: 19 Novembala 2024
Anonim
Do You Have SUPER Color Vision?
Kanema: Do You Have SUPER Color Vision?

Zamkati

Tetrachromacy ndi chiyani?

Kodi mudamvapo za ndodo ndi ma cones ochokera m'kalasi yasayansi kapena dokotala wanu wamaso? Ndizo zomwe zili m'maso mwanu zomwe zimakuthandizani kuwona kuwala ndi mitundu. Amapezeka mkati mwa diso. Imeneyi ndi kansalu kakang'ono kumbuyo kwa diso lanu pafupi ndi mitsempha yanu ya optic.

Zitsulo ndi ma cones ndizofunikira kuti tiwone. Zitsulo zimakonda kuwala ndipo ndizofunikira kuti zikulowetseni mumdima. Ma cones ali ndi udindo wokulolani kuti muwone mitundu.

Anthu ambiri, komanso anyani ena monga anyani, anyani, ndi chimpanzi ngakhalenso ena, amangowona utoto m'mitundu itatu. Makina owonetseraku amtundu amadziwika kuti trichromacy ("mitundu itatu").

Koma pali umboni wina wosonyeza kuti pali anthu omwe ali ndi njira zinayi zowonera mitundu. Izi zimadziwika kuti tetrachromacy.

Tetrachromacy amaganiza kuti ndi osowa pakati pa anthu. Kafukufuku akuwonetsa kuti ndizofala kwambiri mwa akazi kuposa amuna. Kafukufuku wa 2010 akuwonetsa kuti pafupifupi azimayi 12 pa 100 aliwonse atha kukhala ndi njirayi yachinayi.


Amuna sangakhale opatsirana pogonana. Amuna amatha kukhala akhungu kapena osazindikira mitundu yambiri monga akazi. Izi zimachitika chifukwa chazovuta zobadwa nazo m'makona awo.

Tiyeni tiphunzire zambiri za momwe tetrachromacy imakhalira yolimbana ndi masomphenya achilengedwe, chomwe chimayambitsa tetrachromacy, ndi momwe mungadziwire ngati muli nacho.

Tetrachromacy vs. trichromacy

Munthu wamba ali ndi mitundu itatu ya ma cone pafupi ndi diso lomwe limakupatsani mwayi wowona mitundu yosiyanasiyana pamawonekedwe:

  • mafunde ofupikira (S): amatha kutengera mitundu yokhala ndi mawonekedwe ofupikira amfupi, monga ofiyira komanso wabuluu
  • mafunde apakatikati (M): amamvetsetsa mitundu yokhala ndi mawonekedwe apakatikati, monga wachikaso komanso wobiriwira
  • mafunde ataliatali (L): amamvetsetsa mitundu yokhala ndi utali wautali, monga ofiira ndi lalanje

Izi zimadziwika kuti chiphunzitso cha trichromacy. Zithunzi m'mitundu itatu yamakonoyi zimakupatsani mwayi wodziwa mtundu wonse wa mitundu.


Zithunzi zojambulajambula zimapangidwa ndi puloteni yotchedwa opsin ndi molekyulu yomwe imamvetsetsa kuwala. Molekyu iyi imadziwika kuti 11-cis retinal. Mitundu yosiyanasiyana yojambula zithunzi imagwirizana ndimitundumitundu yamitundu ina yomwe amaimvera. Izi zimapangitsa kuti muzitha kuzindikira mitundu imeneyo.

Ma tetrachromat ali ndi mtundu wachinayi wa kondomu wokhala ndi chithunzi chomwe chimalola kuzindikira kwamitundu yambiri yomwe siili pamtundu wowonekera. Masewerawa amadziwika bwino kuti ROY G. BIV (Red, Omasentimita, Ypang'ono, Green, Bbwino, Inendigo, ndi Violet).

Kupezeka kwa zithunzi zowonjezerazi kumatha kulola tetrachromat kuti iwone zambiri kapena zosiyanasiyana mkati mwa mawonekedwe owoneka. Ichi chimatchedwa chiphunzitso cha tetrachromacy.

Ngakhale ma trichromats amatha kuwona mitundu pafupifupi 1 miliyoni, ma tetrachromats amatha kuwona mitundu yodabwitsa ya 100 miliyoni, malinga ndi a Jay Neitz, PhD, pulofesa wa maso ku University of Washington, yemwe adaphunzira masomphenya kwambiri.


Zomwe zimayambitsa tetrachromacy

Umu ndi momwe mawonekedwe anu amtundu amagwirira ntchito:

  1. Diso limatengera kuwala kwa wophunzira wanu. Uku ndikutseguka kutsogolo kwa diso lanu.
  2. Kuwala ndi utoto zimayenda kudzera mandala a diso lako ndikukhala gawo lazithunzi.
  3. Ma Cones amatembenuza kuwala ndi utoto kukhala mitundu itatu: red, green, and blue.
  4. Izi mitundu itatu yazizindikiro zimatumizidwa kuubongo ndikusinthidwa kukhala kuzindikira kwamalingaliro pazomwe mukuwona.

Munthu wokhalapo ali ndi mitundu itatu yosiyanasiyana yama koni yomwe imagawa zinthu zowoneka bwino kukhala zofiira, zobiriwira, komanso zamtambo. Zizindikirozi zimatha kuphatikizidwa muubongo kukhala uthenga wowonekera.

Ma tetrachromat ali ndi mtundu wina wowonjezera womwe umawalola kuti ayang'ane kukula kwachinayi kwamitundu. Zimachokera ku kusintha kwa majini. Ndipo palidi chifukwa chabwino cha chibadwa chomwe ma tetrachromat amakhala achikazi. Kusintha kwa tetrachromacy kumangodutsa mu X chromosome.

Amayi amatenga ma chromosomes awiri a X, m'modzi kuchokera kwa amayi awo (XX) ndipo m'modzi kuchokera kwa abambo awo (XY). Amakhala olandila kusintha kosintha kwa majini kuchokera ku ma chromosomes onse a X. Amuna amangotenga X chromosome imodzi. Masinthidwe awo nthawi zambiri amadzetsa matenda osokoneza bongo kapena khungu. Izi zikutanthauza kuti mwina ma con awo a M kapena L sazindikira mitundu yoyenera.

Mayi kapena mwana wamkazi wa munthu yemwe ali ndi vuto lodana ndi matenda osokoneza bongo amatha kukhala tetrachromat. Mmodzi mwa ma chromosomes ake a X amatha kunyamula majini abwinobwino a M ndi L. Winawo amakhala ndi majini a L nthawi zonse komanso kusintha kwa jini L kudzera mwa bambo kapena mwana wamwamuna yemwe ali ndi vuto losazindikira.

Mmodzi mwa ma chromosomes awiriwa a X amathandizidwa kuti pakhale maselo amtundu wa retina. Izi zimapangitsa kuti diso likhale ndi mitundu inayi yama cell a cones chifukwa cha ma X amitundu osiyanasiyana amachokera kwa mayi ndi bambo.

Mitundu ina, kuphatikiza anthu, sifunikira tetrachromacy pazinthu zilizonse zosinthika. Atha pafupifupi kutha kwathunthu palimodzi. Mu mitundu ina, tetrachromacy imangokhudza kupulumuka.

Mitundu ingapo ya mbalame, monga, imafunikira tetrachromacy kuti ipeze chakudya kapena kusankha wokwatirana naye. Ndipo ubale woyanjana pakati pa tizilombo ndi maluwa wina wapangitsa kuti zomera zikule. Izi, nawonso, zapangitsa kuti tizilombo tisinthe kuti tiwone mitundu iyi. Mwanjira imeneyi, amadziwa bwino zomera zomwe angasankhe kuti apange mungu.

Mayeso omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito pozindikira kuti ali ndi tetrachromacy

Kungakhale kovuta kudziwa ngati ndinu tetrachromat ngati simunayesedwepo. Mutha kungotenga kuthekera kwanu kuwona mitundu yowonjezera mopepuka chifukwa mulibe mawonekedwe ena owufanizira anu.

Njira yoyamba yodziwira kuti muli ndi vuto ndi kukayezetsa majini. Mbiri yathunthu yamtundu wanu wamunthu imatha kupeza zosintha zamtundu wanu zomwe zitha kubweretsa ma cones anu achinayi. Kuyesedwa kwamtundu wamakolo anu kungapezenso majini omwe asinthidwa omwe adakupatsirani.

Koma mungadziwe bwanji ngati mukutha kusiyanitsa mitundu yowonjezerapo ndi kondomu yowonjezerayo?

Ndipamene kafukufuku amathandizira. Pali njira zingapo zomwe mungadziwire ngati ndinu tetrachromat.

Chiyeso chofananira ndi mtundu ndiyeso lofunikira kwambiri pa tetrachromacy. Izi zikupita chonchi potengera kafukufuku:

  1. Ochita kafukufuku amapatsa ophunzira nawo mitundu iwiri ya mitundu yomwe imawoneka chimodzimodzi ndi ma trichromat koma osiyana ndi ma tetrachromats.
  2. Ophunzira amatenga 1 mpaka 10 momwe zosakanizazi zikufanana.
  3. Ophunzira amapatsidwa mitundu yosakanikirana yamitundu nthawi ina, osawuzidwa kuti ndiosakanikirana komweko, kuti awone ngati mayankho awo asintha kapena asasinthe.

Ma tetrachromat owona amayeza mitundu iyi mofananamo nthawi zonse, kutanthauza kuti amatha kusiyanitsa pakati pa mitundu yoperekedwa ndi awiriawiriwo.

Ma trichromats amatha kuyeza zosakaniza zamtundu womwewo mosiyanasiyana munthawi zosiyanasiyana, kutanthauza kuti akungosankha manambala osasintha.

Chenjezo la kuyesa pa intaneti

Dziwani kuti mayesero aliwonse pa intaneti omwe amati amatha kuzindikira tetrachromacy ayenera kuyandikira ndikukayikira kwambiri. Malinga ndi ofufuza aku Newcastle University, zolephera zowonetsa utoto pamakompyuta zimapangitsa kuyesa kwa intaneti kukhala kosatheka.

Nkhaniyi in the news

Ma tetrachromat ndi osowa, koma nthawi zina amapanga mafunde akulu atolankhani.

Mutu mu kafukufuku wa 2010 Journal of Vision, wodziwika kuti cDa29, anali ndi masomphenya abwino kwambiri. Sanachite zolakwika pamayeso ake ofananako ndi mitundu, ndipo mayankho ake anali achangu modabwitsa.

Ndiye munthu woyamba kutsimikiziridwa ndi sayansi kuti ali ndi tetrachromacy. Nkhani yake idatengedwa pambuyo pake ndi malo ambiri atolankhani asayansi, monga magazini ya Discover.

Mu 2014, wojambula komanso tetrachromat Concetta Antico adagawana zaluso zake komanso zokumana nazo ndi Britain Broadcasting Corporation (BBC). M'mawu akeake, tetrachromacy imamupatsa mwayi wowona, mwachitsanzo, "imvi ... [monga] malalanje, achikasu, amadyera, buluu, ndi pinki."

Ngakhale mwayi wanu wokhala tetrachromat ukhoza kukhala wocheperako, nkhanizi zikuwonetsa kuchuluka kwa izi zomwe zikupitilizabe kutidabwitsa ife omwe tili ndi masomphenya atatu.

Zosangalatsa Zosangalatsa

Lumphu pamutu: chomwe chingakhale ndi choti muchite

Lumphu pamutu: chomwe chingakhale ndi choti muchite

Bulu pamutu nthawi zambiri ilowop a ndipo limatha kuchirit idwa mo avuta, nthawi zambiri limangokhala ndi mankhwala ochepet a ululu ndikuwona kupita pat ogolo kwa chotupacho. Komabe, ngati zikuwoneka ...
Momwe mungagwiritsire ntchito mphumu inhaler molondola

Momwe mungagwiritsire ntchito mphumu inhaler molondola

Mphumu inhaler , monga Aerolin, Berotec ndi eretide, amawonet edwa pochiza ndi kuwongolera mphumu ndipo ayenera kugwirit idwa ntchito molingana ndi malangizo a pulmonologi t.Pali mitundu iwiri yamapam...