Chilichonse Chimene Muyenera Kudziwa Zokhudza Thalassemia

Zamkati

• Zizindikiro za thalassemia
• Zomwe zimayambitsa thalassemia
• Mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya thalassemia
• Kuzindikira thalassemia
• Njira zochiritsira thalassemia
• Thalassemia beta
• Thalassemia wamkulu
• Nkhani ya Thalassemia
• Thalassemia alpha
• Mpweya wa hemoglobin H
• Hydrops fetalis
• Thalassemia ndi kuchepa kwa magazi m'thupi
• Thalassemia ndi genetics
• Thalassemia yaying'ono
• Thalassemia mwa ana
• Zakudya za thalassemia
• Kutulutsa
• Kutalika kwa moyo
• Kodi thalassemia imakhudza bwanji mimba?
• Chiwonetsero

Kodi thalassemia ndi chiyani?

Thalassemia ndimatenda amtundu wobadwa nawo omwe thupi limapanga hemoglobin yachilendo. Hemoglobin ndi molekyulu ya mapuloteni m'maselo ofiira amwazi omwe amanyamula mpweya.

Matendawa amawononga kwambiri maselo ofiira am'magazi, omwe amatsogolera ku kuchepa kwa magazi. Kuperewera kwa magazi m'thupi ndi vuto lomwe thupi lanu silikhala ndi maselo ofiira okwanira athanzi.

Thalassemia idachokera, kutanthauza kuti m'modzi mwa makolo anu ayenera kukhala wonyamula vutoli. Zimayambitsidwa ndi kusintha kwa majini kapena kuchotsedwa kwa tizidutswa tina ta majini.

Thalassemia yaying'ono ndi vuto lochepa kwambiri la matendawa. Pali mitundu iwiri yayikulu ya thalassemia yomwe ndi yoopsa kwambiri. Mu alpha thalassemia, chimodzi mwazinthu zamtundu wa alpha globin chimasintha kapena chimakhala chachilendo. Mu beta thalassemia, majini a beta globin amakhudzidwa.

Iliyonse mwa mitundu iyi ya thalassemia imakhala ndimitundu ing'onoing'ono. Maonekedwe enieni omwe muli nawo amakhudza kuopsa kwa zizindikilo zanu komanso malingaliro anu.

Zizindikiro za thalassemia

Zizindikiro za thalassemia zimatha kusiyanasiyana. Zina mwazofala kwambiri ndi izi:

• kufooka kwa mafupa, makamaka pamaso
• mkodzo wakuda
• kukula ndikuchedwa kukula
• kutopa kwambiri ndi kutopa
• chikasu kapena khungu lotumbululuka

Sikuti aliyense ali ndi zizindikiro zowoneka za thalassemia. Zizindikiro za matendawa zimayambanso kuonekera paubwana kapena paunyamata.

Zomwe zimayambitsa thalassemia

Thalassemia imachitika pakakhala zosazolowereka kapena kusintha kwa chimodzi mwazomwe zimakhudzidwa ndikupanga hemoglobin. Mumalandira cholowa choterechi kuchokera kwa makolo anu.

Ngati m'modzi yekha mwa makolo anu ndiye wonyamula thalassemia, mutha kukhala ndi matenda omwe amadziwika kuti thalassemia aang'ono. Izi zikachitika, mwina simudzakhala ndi zizindikilo, koma mudzakhala wonyamula. Anthu ena omwe ali ndi thalassemia ang'onoang'ono amakhala ndi zizindikilo zazing'ono.

Ngati makolo anu onse ali ndi thalassemia, muli ndi mwayi wambiri wolandira matendawa.

mwa anthu ochokera ku Asia, Middle East, Africa, ndi mayiko a Mediterranean monga Greece ndi Turkey.

Mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya thalassemia

Pali mitundu itatu yayikulu ya thalassemia (ndi ma subtypes anayi):

• beta thalassemia, yomwe imaphatikizapo timagulu tating'onoting'ono tomwe timapanga
• alpha thalassemia, yomwe imaphatikizapo ma subtypes hemoglobin H ndi ma hydrops fetalis
• thalassemia yaying'ono

Mitundu yonseyi ndi mitundu ing'onoing'ono imasiyanasiyana ndi kuzindikirika komanso kuwuma kwake. Kuyamba kungakhalenso kosiyana pang'ono.

Kuzindikira thalassemia

Ngati dokotala akuyesera kupeza thalassemia, atenga magazi. Atumiza zitsanzozi ku labu kuti akayesedwe kuchepa kwa magazi ndi hemoglobin yachilendo. Katswiri wothandizira labu ayang'ananso magazi pansi pa microscope kuti awone ngati maselo ofiira amapangidwa modabwitsa.

Maselo ofiira ofiira modabwitsa ndi chizindikiro cha thalassemia. Wothandizira labu amathanso kuyesa mayeso otchedwa hemoglobin electrophoresis. Kuyesaku kumasiyanitsa mamolekyulu osiyanasiyana m'maselo ofiira, kuwapangitsa kuti azindikire mtundu wachilendowu.

Kutengera mtundu ndi kuuma kwa thalassemia, kuyezetsa thupi kumathandizanso dokotala kudziwa. Mwachitsanzo, nthenda yotupa kwambiri imatha kuuza dokotala kuti muli ndi matenda a hemoglobin H.

Njira zochiritsira thalassemia

Chithandizo cha thalassemia chimadalira mtundu ndi kuopsa kwa matenda omwe akukhudzidwa. Dokotala wanu adzakupatsani mankhwala omwe angagwire bwino ntchito yanu.

Zina mwa mankhwalawa ndi awa:

• kuikidwa magazi
• kumuika mafupa
• mankhwala ndi zowonjezera
• opaleshoni yotheka kuchotsa ndulu kapena ndulu

Dokotala wanu akhoza kukuphunzitsani kuti musatenge mavitamini kapena zowonjezera zomwe zili ndi ayironi. Izi ndi zoona makamaka ngati mukufuna kuthiridwa magazi chifukwa anthu omwe amawalandira amasonkhanitsa chitsulo chowonjezera chomwe thupi silingachotse mosavuta. Iron imatha kukhala m'matumba, omwe amatha kupha.

Ngati mukulandira magazi, mungafunenso chithandizo cha chelation. Izi zimaphatikizapo kulandira jakisoni wa mankhwala omwe amalumikizana ndi chitsulo komanso zitsulo zina zolemera. Izi zimathandiza kuchotsa chitsulo chowonjezera mthupi lanu.

Thalassemia beta

Beta thalassemia imachitika pomwe thupi lanu silingathe kupanga beta globin. Majini awiri, amodzi kuchokera kwa kholo lililonse, amabadwa nawo kuti apange beta globin. Mtundu uwu wa thalassemia umabwera m'magulu awiri akuluakulu: thalassemia (Cooley's anemia) ndi thalassemia intermedia.

Thalassemia wamkulu

Thalassemia yaikulu ndiyo beta thalassemia yoopsa kwambiri. Amakula pamene majini a beta globin akusowa.

Zizindikiro za thalassemia zazikulu zimawoneka mwana asanabadwe kachiwiri. Kuchepa kwa magazi komwe kumachitika chifukwa cha vutoli kumatha kupha moyo. Zizindikiro zina ndi monga:

• kukangana
• kutuwa
• matenda pafupipafupi
• kusowa chakudya
• kulephera kukula bwino
• jaundice, komwe kumakhala chikasu pakhungu kapena kuyera kwa maso
• ziwalo zokulitsa

Mtundu uwu wa thalassemia nthawi zambiri umakhala woopsa kwambiri kotero umafunika kuikidwa magazi pafupipafupi.

Nkhani ya Thalassemia

Thalassemia intermedia ndi mawonekedwe ovuta kwambiri. Zimayamba chifukwa cha kusintha kwamitundu yonse ya beta globin. Anthu omwe ali ndi thalassemia intermedia safuna kuthiridwa magazi.

Thalassemia alpha

Alpha thalassemia imachitika pamene thupi silingathe kupanga alpha globin. Kuti mupange alpha globin, muyenera kukhala ndi majini anayi, awiri kuchokera kwa kholo lililonse.

Mtundu wa thalassemia ulinso ndi mitundu iwiri yayikulu: matenda a hemoglobin H ndi ma hydrops fetalis.

Mpweya wa hemoglobin H

Hemoglobin H imayamba pomwe munthu amasowa mitundu itatu yama alpha globin kapena zokumana nazo zosintha m'mitundu iyi. Matendawa amatha kubweretsa zovuta zamafupa. Masaya, mphumi, ndi nsagwada zitha kukula. Kuphatikiza apo, matenda a hemoglobin H amatha kuyambitsa:

• jaundice
• nthata yotakasa kwambiri
• kusowa zakudya m'thupi

Hydrops fetalis

Hydrops fetalis ndi mtundu woopsa kwambiri wa thalassemia womwe umachitika asanabadwe. Ana ambiri omwe ali ndi vutoli amabadwa akufa kapena kufa atangobadwa kumene. Vutoli limayamba pomwe mitundu yonse inayi ya alpha globin imasinthidwa kapena kusowa.

Thalassemia ndi kuchepa kwa magazi m'thupi

Thalassemia imatha kubweretsa kuchepa kwa magazi msanga. Vutoli limadziwika ndi kusowa kwa mpweya womwe umanyamulidwira kumatumba ndi ziwalo. Popeza kuti maselo ofiira amafunika kupulumutsa mpweya, kuchuluka kwa maselowa kumatanthauza kuti mulibe mpweya wokwanira mthupi.

Kuchepa kwa magazi kwanu kumatha kukhala kofewa mpaka koopsa. Zizindikiro za kuchepa kwa magazi ndi monga:

• chizungulire
• kutopa
• kupsa mtima
• kupuma movutikira
• kufooka

Kuchepa kwa magazi kumatha kukupangitsani kuti muzimwalira. Milandu yayikulu imatha kubweretsa kuwonongeka kwa ziwalo, zomwe zitha kupha.

Thalassemia ndi genetics

Thalassemia ndi chibadwa. Kupanga thalassemia yathunthu, zonse makolo anu ayenera kukhala onyamula matendawa. Zotsatira zake, mudzakhala ndi majini awiri osinthidwa.

Ndikothekanso kukhala chonyamulira cha thalassemia, komwe mumangokhala ndi jini imodzi yosinthika osati awiri kuchokera kwa makolo onse awiri. Aliyense wa makolo anu kapena onse ayenera kukhala ndi vutoli kapena akhale chonyamulira za izo. Izi zikutanthauza kuti mumalandira cholowa chimodzi kuchokera kwa makolo anu.

Ndikofunika kukayezetsa magazi ngati m'modzi mwa makolo anu kapena wachibale ali ndi matenda enaake.

Thalassemia yaying'ono

M'milandu ing'onoing'ono ya alpha, majini awiri amasowa. Mu beta yaying'ono, jini imodzi imasowa. Anthu omwe ali ndi thalassemia ang'onoang'ono samakhala ndi zizindikiro zilizonse.Ngati atero, mwina ndi kuchepa kwa magazi m'thupi. Vutoli limadziwika kuti alpha kapena beta thalassemia yaying'ono.

Ngakhale thalassemia yaying'ono siyimayambitsa zisonyezo zilizonse, mutha kukhalabe onyamula matendawa. Izi zikutanthauza kuti, ngati muli ndi ana, atha kupanga mtundu wina wamasinthidwe amtunduwo.

Thalassemia mwa ana

Mwa ana onse obadwa ndi thalassemia chaka chilichonse, akuti pafupifupi 100,000 amabadwa ndi mitundu yoopsa padziko lonse lapansi.

Ana atha kuyamba kuwonetsa zizindikiro za thalassemia pazaka zawo ziwiri zoyambirira. Zina mwazizindikiro zowonekera kwambiri ndi izi:

• kutopa
• jaundice
• khungu lotumbululuka
• kusowa chakudya
• kukula pang'onopang'ono

Ndikofunika kuzindikira thalassemia mwachangu kwa ana. Ngati inu kapena kholo lina la mwana wanu muli onyamula, muyenera kuyezetsa koyambirira.

Izi zikapanda kuchiritsidwa, vutoli limatha kubweretsa zovuta m'chiwindi, mtima, ndi ndulu. Matenda ndi kulephera kwa mtima ndizovuta zowopsa za thalassemia mwa ana.

Monga achikulire, ana omwe ali ndi thalassemia yoopsa amafunika kuthiridwa magazi pafupipafupi kuti athetse chitsulo chowonjezera mthupi.

Zakudya za thalassemia

Chakudya chochepa cha mafuta, chomera ndizofunikira kwambiri kwa anthu ambiri, kuphatikiza iwo omwe ali ndi thalassemia. Komabe, mungafunikire kuchepetsa zakudya zokhala ndi ayironi ngati muli ndi iron yambiri m'magazi anu. Nsomba ndi nyama zimakhala ndi chitsulo chambiri, chifukwa chake mungafunike kuziletsa pazakudya zanu.

Muthanso kuganizira zopezeka tirigu wolimba, buledi, ndi timadziti. Zili ndi magawo azitsulo.

Thalassemia ikhoza kuyambitsa kuperewera kwa folic acid (folate). Mwachilengedwe zimapezeka muzakudya monga masamba obiriwira ndi nyemba, vitamini B iyi ndiyofunikira popewa mavuto azitsulo komanso kuteteza maselo ofiira. Ngati simukupeza folic acid wokwanira pazakudya zanu, adotolo anu akhoza kukupatsani mankhwala okwanira 1 mg omwe amatengedwa tsiku lililonse.

Palibe chakudya chimodzi chomwe chingachiritse thalassemia, koma kuwonetsetsa kuti mukudya zakudya zoyenera kungathandize. Onetsetsani kuti mukambirane zosintha zilizonse ndi dokotala musanadye.

Kutulutsa

Popeza thalassemia ndimatenda amtundu, palibe njira yopewa. Komabe, pali njira zomwe mungathetsere matendawa popewa zovuta.

Kuphatikiza pa chithandizo chamankhwala chomwe chapitilira, anthu onse omwe ali ndi matenda amadziteteza ku matendawa potsatira katemera wotsatira:

• mtundu wa haemophilus fuluwenza b
• matenda a chiwindi
• meningococcal
• chibayo

Kuphatikiza pa chakudya chopatsa thanzi, kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi pafupipafupi kumatha kuthana ndi zizindikilo zanu ndikupangitsa kuti mukhale ndi chiyembekezo. Kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi nthawi zambiri amalimbikitsidwa, chifukwa kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi kwambiri kumatha kukulitsa zizindikilo zanu.

Kuyenda ndi kukwera njinga ndi zitsanzo za kulimbitsa thupi pang'ono. Kusambira ndi yoga ndi zina zomwe mungasankhe, komanso ndi zabwino pamalumikizidwe anu. Chinsinsi chake ndikupeza zomwe mumakonda ndikusunthabe.

Kutalika kwa moyo

Thalassemia ndi matenda oopsa omwe angayambitse zovuta zowopsa mukasiyidwa osachitidwa kapena kuchitidwa. Ngakhale kuli kovuta kudziwa za kutalika kwa nthawi ya moyo, lamulo lalikulu ndiloti vutoli likafika poipa, thalassemia yofulumira imatha kufa.

Malinga ndi kuyerekezera kwina, anthu omwe ali ndi beta thalassemia - mawonekedwe ovuta kwambiri - amafa ali ndi zaka 30. Nthawi yofupikitsa ya moyo imakhudzana ndi kuchuluka kwachitsulo, komwe kumatha kukhudza ziwalo zanu.

Ofufuzawo akupitilizabe kuyesa kuyesa kwa majini komanso kuthekera kwa mankhwala amtundu. Thalassemia yoyamba imadziwika, posachedwa mutha kulandira chithandizo. M'tsogolomu, chithandizo cha majini chitha kuyambiranso hemoglobin ndikulepheretsa kusintha kwa majini mthupi.

Kodi thalassemia imakhudza bwanji mimba?

Thalassemia imabweretsanso mavuto osiyanasiyana okhudzana ndi pakati. Vutoli limakhudza kukula kwa ziwalo zoberekera. Chifukwa chaichi, azimayi omwe ali ndi thalassemia amatha kukumana ndi zovuta zakubereka.

Kuti muwonetsetse kuti inu ndi mwana wanu muli ndi thanzi labwino, ndikofunikira kukonzekera pasadakhale momwe mungathere. Ngati mukufuna kukhala ndi mwana, kambiranani izi ndi dokotala kuti mutsimikizire kuti muli ndi thanzi labwino.

Miyezo yanu yachitsulo iyenera kuyang'aniridwa mosamala. Zomwe zidalipo kale ndi ziwalo zazikulu zimaganiziridwanso.

Kuyesedwa kwa thalassemia musanabadwe kumatha kuchitika milungu 11 ndi 16. Izi zimachitika potenga zitsanzo zamadzimadzi kuchokera pa nsengwa kapena mwana wosabadwayo, motsatana.

Mimba imakhala ndi zoopsa zotsatirazi mwa amayi omwe ali ndi thalassemia:

• chiopsezo chachikulu chotenga matenda
• matenda ashuga
• mavuto amtima
• hypothyroidism, kapena chithokomiro chotsika
• kuchuluka kwa magazi
• kutsika kwa mafupa

Chiwonetsero

Ngati muli ndi thalassemia, malingaliro anu amatengera mtundu wa matendawa. Anthu omwe ali ndi mitundu yochepa kapena yochepa ya thalassemia amatha kukhala moyo wabwinobwino.

Pazovuta zazikulu, kulephera kwa mtima ndizotheka. Zovuta zina zimaphatikizira matenda a chiwindi, kukula kwamafupa, komanso zovuta za endocrine.

Dokotala wanu angakupatseni zambiri zamomwe mungaganizire. Afotokozanso momwe mankhwala anu angathandizire kukulitsa moyo wanu kapena kukulitsa moyo wanu.