Theophylline, Piritsi Yamlomo

Zamkati

• Machenjezo ofunikira
• Kodi theophylline ndi chiyani?
• Chifukwa chimagwiritsidwa ntchito
• Momwe imagwirira ntchito
• Zotsatira za Theophylline
• Zotsatira zofala kwambiri
• Zotsatira zoyipa
• Theophylline itha kuyanjana ndi mankhwala ena
• Mowa umamwa mankhwala osokoneza bongo
• Mankhwala osokoneza bongo
• Mankhwala osokoneza bongo
• Mankhwala osokoneza bongo
• Gout mankhwala
• Mankhwala osokoneza bongo
• Mankhwala a chiwindi
• Mavuto a mahomoni / mankhwala oletsa kubereka
• Mankhwala osokoneza bongo
• Mankhwala opatsirana
• Ketamine
• Lifiyamu
• Kulanda mankhwala
• Mankhwala am'mimba m'mimba
• Mankhwala ena
• Machenjezo a Theophylline
• Chenjezo la mowa
• Machenjezo kwa anthu omwe ali ndi mavuto ena azaumoyo
• Machenjezo kwa magulu ena
• Momwe mungatengere theophylline
• Mafomu ndi mphamvu
• Mlingo wa mphumu kapena matenda ena am'mapapo
• Tengani monga mwalamulidwa
• Mukasiya kumwa mankhwalawo kapena osamwa konse
• Ngati mwaphonya Mlingo kapena osamwa mankhwalawo panthawi yake
• Mukatenga kwambiri
• Zomwe muyenera kuchita mukaphonya mlingo
• Momwe mungadziwire ngati mankhwalawa akugwira ntchito
• Malingaliro ofunikira potenga theophylline
• Zonse
• Yosungirako
• Zowonjezeranso
• Kuyenda
• Kudziyang'anira pawokha
• Kuwunika kuchipatala
• Kodi pali njira zina?

Mfundo zazikulu za theophylline

1. Pulogalamu yamlomo ya Theophylline imangopezeka ngati mankhwala achibadwa.
2. Theophylline imagwiritsidwa ntchito kuthana ndi zizindikiritso za mphumu kapena matenda ena am'mapapo omwe amalepheretsa mayendedwe anu, monga emphysema kapena bronchitis osachiritsika. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito pochiza kwa nthawi yayitali.
3. Mankhwalawa amabwera ngati piritsi lakamwa, kapisozi wamlomo, kapena yankho lakamwa. Mumamwa mankhwalawa pakamwa.

Machenjezo ofunikira

• Nseru ndi kusanza: Ngati muli ndi zizindikilo izi mukamamwa mankhwalawa, mutha kukhala ndi theophylline wambiri mthupi lanu. Dokotala wanu amatha kuwona kuchuluka kwa mankhwalawa mthupi lanu.
• Kusuta: Kusuta ndudu kapena chamba kumatha kukhudza kuchuluka kwa theophylline mthupi lanu. Uzani dokotala wanu ngati mumasuta.

Kodi theophylline ndi chiyani?

Theophylline ndi mankhwala akuchipatala. Ilipo ngati yankho la pakamwa, piritsi lotulutsa nthawi yayitali, komanso kapule yotulutsidwa. Ikupezekanso mu mawonekedwe amitsempha (IV), omwe amangoperekedwa ndi othandizira azaumoyo.

Piritsi la theophylline limangopezeka ngati mankhwala achibadwa. Mankhwala achibadwa nthawi zambiri amakhala otsika poyerekeza ndi mtundu wamaina.

Chifukwa chimagwiritsidwa ntchito

Theophylline imagwiritsidwa ntchito kuthana ndi zizindikiritso za mphumu kapena matenda ena am'mapapo omwe amalepheretsa mayendedwe anu, monga emphysema kapena bronchitis osachiritsika.

Theophylline itha kugwiritsidwa ntchito ngati njira imodzi yophatikizira. Izi zikutanthauza kuti mungafunike kumwa mankhwala ena.

Momwe imagwirira ntchito

Theophylline ndi gulu la mankhwala otchedwa methylxanthines. Gulu la mankhwala ndi gulu la mankhwala omwe amagwiranso ntchito chimodzimodzi. Mankhwalawa amagwiritsidwa ntchito pochiza zofananira.

Theophylline imagwira ntchito potsegula ma airways m'mapapu anu. Imachita izi pofewetsa minofu ndikuchepetsa kuyankha kuzinthu zomwe zimapangitsa kuti mpweya wanu uzithina. Izi zimakupangitsani kukhala kosavuta kuti mupume.

Zotsatira za Theophylline

Piritsi la theophylline pakamwa silimayambitsa kugona koma limatha kuyambitsa zovuta zina.

Zotsatira zofala kwambiri

Zina mwa zovuta zoyipa zomwe zimatha kuchitika pogwiritsa ntchito theophylline ndi monga:

• mutu
• kuvuta kugona

Ngati zotsatirazi ndizochepa, zimatha kutha masiku angapo kapena milungu ingapo. Ngati ali ovuta kwambiri kapena osapita, lankhulani ndi dokotala kapena wamankhwala.

Zotsatira zoyipa

Itanani dokotala wanu nthawi yomweyo ngati muli ndi zovuta zina. Itanani 911 ngati zizindikiro zanu zikuwopseza moyo kapena ngati mukuganiza kuti mukukumana ndi zachipatala. Zotsatira zoyipa komanso zizindikilo zake zimatha kukhala izi:

• Kugunda kwamtima kosasinthasintha. Zizindikiro zimatha kuphatikiza:
  • kupuma movutikira
  • chizungulire
  • kukupiza kapena kupweteka pachifuwa
• Kulanda. Zizindikiro zimatha kuphatikiza:
  • chisokonezo
  • kuvuta kuyankhula
  • kunjenjemera kapena kugwedezeka
  • kutayika kwa minofu kapena minofu yolimba

Chodzikanira: Cholinga chathu ndikukupatsani chidziwitso chofunikira kwambiri komanso chaposachedwa. Komabe, chifukwa mankhwala amakhudza munthu aliyense mosiyanasiyana, sitingatsimikizire kuti izi zimaphatikizaponso zovuta zonse zomwe zingachitike. Izi sizilowa m'malo mwa upangiri wa zamankhwala. Nthawi zonse muzikambirana mavuto omwe angakhalepo ndi othandizira azaumoyo omwe amadziwa mbiri yanu yazachipatala.

Theophylline itha kuyanjana ndi mankhwala ena

Pulogalamu yamlomo ya Theophylline imatha kulumikizana ndi mankhwala ena, mavitamini, kapena zitsamba zomwe mwina mukumwa. Kulumikizana ndi pamene chinthu chimasintha momwe mankhwala amagwirira ntchito. Izi zitha kukhala zowononga kapena kuletsa mankhwalawa kuti asagwire ntchito bwino.

Pofuna kupewa kuyanjana, dokotala ayenera kuyang'anira mankhwala anu onse mosamala. Onetsetsani kuuza dokotala wanu za mankhwala onse, mavitamini, kapena zitsamba zomwe mukumwa. Kuti mudziwe momwe mankhwalawa angagwirizane ndi china chake chomwe mumatenga, lankhulani ndi dokotala kapena wamankhwala.

Zitsanzo za mankhwala omwe angayambitse kuyanjana ndi theophylline alembedwa pansipa.

Mowa umamwa mankhwala osokoneza bongo

Mankhwalawa amatha kukulitsa theophylline mthupi lanu. Izi zikutanthauza kuti mutha kukhala ndi zovuta zina. Chitsanzo cha mankhwalawa ndi:

• disulfiram

Mankhwala osokoneza bongo

Mukamwa mankhwalawa ndi theophylline, mungafunike mlingo wokulirapo kuti agwire ntchito. Zitsanzo za mankhwalawa ndi monga:

• diazepam
• magwire
• alireza
• midzhira

Mankhwala osokoneza bongo

Mankhwalawa amatha kukulitsa theophylline mthupi lanu. Izi zikutanthauza kuti mutha kukhala ndi zovuta zina. Zitsanzo za mankhwalawa ndi monga:

• magwire
• ticlopidine

Mankhwala osokoneza bongo

Mankhwalawa amatha kukulitsa theophylline mthupi lanu. Izi zikutanthauza kuti mutha kukhala ndi zovuta zina. Chitsanzo cha mankhwalawa ndi:

• fluvoxamine

Gout mankhwala

Mankhwalawa amatha kukulitsa theophylline mthupi lanu. Izi zikutanthauza kuti mutha kukhala ndi zovuta zina. Chitsanzo cha mankhwalawa ndi:

• alirakhalid

Mankhwala osokoneza bongo

Mankhwalawa amatha kukulitsa theophylline mthupi lanu. Izi zikutanthauza kuti mutha kukhala ndi zovuta zina. Zitsanzo za mankhwalawa ndi monga:

• alireza
• mankhwala
• alireza
• mankhwala

Mankhwala a chiwindi

Mankhwalawa amatha kukulitsa theophylline mthupi lanu. Izi zikutanthauza kuti mutha kukhala ndi zovuta zina. Chitsanzo cha mankhwalawa ndi:

• interferon alfa-2a

Mavuto a mahomoni / mankhwala oletsa kubereka

Mankhwalawa amatha kukulitsa theophylline mthupi lanu. Izi zikutanthauza kuti mutha kukhala ndi zovuta zina. Chitsanzo cha mankhwalawa ndi:

• estrogen

Mankhwala osokoneza bongo

Mankhwalawa amatha kukulitsa theophylline mthupi lanu. Izi zikutanthauza kuti mutha kukhala ndi zovuta zina. Chitsanzo cha mankhwalawa ndi:

• methotrexate

Mankhwala opatsirana

Mankhwalawa amatha kukulitsa theophylline mthupi lanu. Izi zikutanthauza kuti mutha kukhala ndi zovuta zina. Zitsanzo za mankhwalawa ndi monga:

• ciprofloxacin
• chithuchithu
• erythromycin

Ketamine

Mankhwalawa amakulitsa chiopsezo chanu chotsatira cha theophylline.

Lifiyamu

Mukatengedwa ndi theophylline, mungafunike kuchuluka kwa lithiamu kuti igwire ntchito.

Kulanda mankhwala

Mankhwalawa amachepetsa theophylline mthupi lanu. Izi zikutanthauza kuti mwina sizingagwire ntchito yothandizira matenda anu. Zitsanzo za mankhwalawa ndi monga:

• anayankha
• muthoni

Mankhwala am'mimba m'mimba

Mankhwalawa amatha kukulitsa theophylline mthupi lanu. Izi zikutanthauza kuti mutha kukhala ndi zovuta zina. Chitsanzo cha mankhwalawa ndi:

• cimetidine

Mankhwala ena

Mankhwalawa amachepetsa theophylline mthupi lanu. Izi zikutanthauza kuti mwina sizingagwire ntchito yothandizira matenda anu. Zitsanzo za mankhwalawa ndi monga:

• carbamazepine
• rifampin
• Wort wa St.

Chodzikanira: Cholinga chathu ndikukupatsani chidziwitso chofunikira kwambiri komanso chaposachedwa. Komabe, chifukwa mankhwala amagwirira ntchito mosiyanasiyana mwa munthu aliyense, sitingatsimikizire kuti izi zikuphatikizira kulumikizana kulikonse kotheka. Izi sizilowa m'malo mwa upangiri wa zamankhwala. Nthawi zonse lankhulani ndi omwe amakuthandizani pa zaumoyo momwe mungachitire ndi mankhwala, mavitamini, zitsamba ndi zowonjezera, komanso mankhwala omwe mumamwa.

Machenjezo a Theophylline

Mankhwalawa amabwera ndi machenjezo angapo.

Chenjezo la mowa

Kugwiritsa ntchito zakumwa zomwe zili ndi mowa kumadzetsa chiopsezo chanu chotsatira cha theophylline. Mukamwa mowa, lankhulani ndi dokotala wanu.

Machenjezo kwa anthu omwe ali ndi mavuto ena azaumoyo

Kwa anthu omwe ali ndi matenda a chiwindi: Simungathe kuchotsa theophylline mthupi lanu bwino. Izi zitha kuwonjezera kuchuluka kwa mankhwalawa mthupi lanu ndikupangitsa zovuta zina.

Kwa anthu omwe ali ndi vuto la mtima: Simungathe kuchotsa theophylline mthupi lanu bwino. Izi zitha kuwonjezera kuchuluka kwa mankhwalawa mthupi lanu ndikupangitsa zovuta zina.

Kwa anthu omwe ali ndi zilonda zam'mimba: Mankhwalawa amatha kukulitsa zilonda zanu.

Kwa anthu ogwidwa: Mankhwalawa angapangitse kuti kugwidwa kwanu kuwonjezeke.

Kwa anthu omwe ali ndi vuto la kugunda kwamtima: Mankhwalawa atha kukulitsa kugunda kwamtima kwanu.

Kwa anthu omwe ali ndi vuto lotsika kwambiri la chithokomiro: Simungathe kuchotsa theophylline mthupi lanu bwino. Izi zitha kuwonjezera kuchuluka kwa mankhwalawa mthupi lanu ndikupangitsa zovuta zina.

Machenjezo kwa magulu ena

Kwa amayi apakati: Theophylline ndi gulu C la mankhwala osokoneza bongo. Izi zikutanthauza zinthu ziwiri:

1. Kafukufuku wazinyama awonetsa zovuta kwa mwana wosabadwa mayi atamwa mankhwalawo.
2. Sipanakhale maphunziro okwanira omwe adachitika mwa anthu kuti atsimikizire momwe mankhwalawo angakhudzire mwana wosabadwayo.

Lankhulani ndi dokotala ngati muli ndi pakati kapena mukukonzekera kutenga pakati. Mankhwalawa ayenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito pokhapokha phindu lomwe lingakhalepo likutsimikizira kuopsa kwa mwana wosabadwayo.

Kwa amayi omwe akuyamwitsa: Theophylline imatha kulowa mkaka wa m'mawere ndipo imatha kuyambitsa zovuta kwa mwana yemwe akuyamwitsa. Lankhulani ndi dokotala ngati mukuyamwitsa mwana wanu. Muyenera kusankha kuti musiye kuyamwa kapena kusiya kumwa mankhwalawa.

Kwa okalamba: Theophylline imachotsedwa mthupi pang'onopang'ono mwa anthu azaka zopitilira 60. Dokotala wanu akhoza kukuyang'anirani kwambiri za zotsatirapo zake. Kuchuluka kwa theophylline m'magazi anu kumathanso kuyang'aniridwa mosamala kwambiri.

Kwa ana: Theophylline ndi yotetezeka kwa ana. Komabe, theophylline imachotsedwa pang'onopang'ono m'thupi mwa ana osakwana chaka chimodzi. Dokotala wanu amayenera kuyang'anira mwana wanu mosamala akamamwa mankhwalawa.

Momwe mungatengere theophylline

Mlingo ndi mafomu onse omwe sangakhale nawo sangaphatikizidwe pano. Mlingo wanu, mawonekedwe anu, komanso kuti mumatenga kangati zimadalira:

• zaka zanu
• matenda omwe akuchiritsidwa
• momwe matenda anu alili
• Matenda ena omwe muli nawo
• momwe mumachitira ndi mankhwala oyamba

Mafomu ndi mphamvu

Zowonjezera: Theophylline

• Mawonekedwe: piritsi lotulutsa
• Mphamvu: 100 mg, 200 mg, 300 mg, 400 mg, 450 mg, 600 mg

Mlingo wa mphumu kapena matenda ena am'mapapo

Mlingo wa akulu (zaka 18-59 zaka)

Mlingo woyambira nthawi zonse ndi 300-400 mg patsiku. Pambuyo masiku atatu, mlingo wanu ukhoza kuwonjezeredwa mpaka 400-600 mg patsiku ngati mulibe zovuta zina. Pambuyo pa masiku atatu, ngati mankhwala anu akulekerera ndipo mukufunika mankhwala ambiri, mlingo wanu ungasinthidwe kutengera mulingo wa theophylline m'magazi anu.

Mlingo wa ana (zaka 16-17 zaka)

Mlingo woyambira nthawi zonse ndi 300-400 mg patsiku. Pambuyo masiku atatu, mlingo wanu ukhoza kuwonjezeredwa mpaka 400-600 mg patsiku ngati mulibe zovuta zina. Pambuyo pa masiku atatu, ngati mankhwala anu akulekerera ndipo mukufunika mankhwala ambiri, mlingo wanu ungasinthidwe kutengera mulingo wa theophylline m'magazi anu.

Mlingo wa ana (azaka 1-15 wazaka zoposa 15 kg)

Mlingo woyambira ndi 300-400 mg pa tsiku. Pambuyo masiku atatu, dokotala wanu akhoza kuwonjezera mlingo wanu ku 400-600 mg patsiku. Pambuyo masiku atatu, mlingo wanu ungasinthidwe pakufunika kutengera mulingo wa theophylline m'magazi anu.

Mlingo wa ana (zaka 1-15 wazaka zosakwana 45 kg)

Mlingo woyambira ndi 12-14 mg / kg pa tsiku mpaka 300 mg patsiku. Pambuyo masiku atatu, dokotala wanu akhoza kuwonjezera mlingo wanu ku 16 mg / kg tsiku lililonse mpaka 400 mg patsiku ngati mulibe zovuta zina. Pambuyo masiku atatu, ngati mlingowo walekerera, amatha kuwonjezeredwa mpaka 20 mg / kg tsiku lililonse mpaka 600 mg patsiku.

Mankhwalawa amaperekedwa m'magulu osiyanasiyana maola 4-6 aliwonse. Mlingo wanu udzasinthidwa kutengera kuchuluka kwa theophylline m'magazi.

Mlingo wa ana (makanda obadwa atakwanitsa miyezi 12)

Dokotala wanu adzawerengera mlingo wa mwana wanu malinga ndi msinkhu wake ndi kulemera kwake. Mlingowo udzasinthidwa kutengera kuchuluka kwa theophylline m'magazi.

• Kwa makanda masabata 0-25: Mlingo wathunthu wa tsiku lililonse uyenera kugawidwa m'magulu atatu ofanana omwe amamwa pakamwa maola 8 aliwonse.
• Kwa makanda azaka 26 zakubadwa kapena kupitilira apo: Mlingo wathunthu wa tsiku lililonse uyenera kugawidwa m'magulu anayi ofanana omwe amamwa pakamwa maola 6 aliwonse.

Mlingo wa ana (makanda obadwa asanakwane miyezi 12)

• Ana ochepera masiku 24: 1 mg / kg ya kulemera kwa thupi
• Ana masiku 24 kapena kupitirira: 1.5 mg / kg ya kulemera kwa thupi

Mlingo waukulu (wazaka 60 kapena kupitirira)

• Impso za anthu okalamba mwina sizigwira ntchito kale. Izi zitha kupangitsa kuti thupi lanu lizigwiritsa ntchito mankhwala pang'onopang'ono. Zotsatira zake, mankhwala ambiri amakhala mthupi lanu kwa nthawi yayitali. Izi zimawonjezera chiopsezo chanu chazovuta.
• Dokotala wanu akhoza kukuyambitsani pamlingo wotsika kapena ndandanda ina ya mankhwala. Izi zitha kuthandiza kuti mankhwalawa asakule kwambiri mthupi lanu.
• Mlingo wanu wokwanira patsiku sayenera kukhala wopitilira 400 mg.

Maganizo apadera

Ngati muli pachiwopsezo chotsika chilolezo, monga matenda a chiwindi: Mlingo wanu wokwanira patsiku sayenera kukhala wopitilira 400 mg.

Chodzikanira: Cholinga chathu ndikukupatsani chidziwitso chofunikira kwambiri komanso chaposachedwa. Komabe, chifukwa mankhwala osokoneza bongo amakhudza munthu aliyense mosiyanasiyana, sitingatsimikizire kuti mndandandawu umaphatikizira miyezo yonse yotheka. Izi sizilowa m'malo mwa upangiri wa zamankhwala. Nthawi zonse lankhulani ndi dokotala kapena wamankhwala za mlingo woyenera kwa inu.

Tengani monga mwalamulidwa

Theophylline imagwiritsidwa ntchito pochiza kwa nthawi yayitali. Zimabwera ndi zoopsa ngati simukuzitenga monga mwalamulo.

Mukasiya kumwa mankhwalawo kapena osamwa konse

Zizindikiro zanu, kuphatikizapo kupuma movutikira, zitha kukulirakulira. Izi zitha kupha (kuyambitsa imfa).

Ngati mwaphonya Mlingo kapena osamwa mankhwalawo panthawi yake

Mankhwala anu mwina sagwira ntchito kapena akhoza kusiya kugwira ntchito kwathunthu. Kuti mankhwalawa agwire bwino ntchito, kuchuluka kwake kumayenera kukhala mthupi lanu nthawi zonse.

Mukatenga kwambiri

Mutha kukhala ndimankhwala owopsa mthupi lanu. Mutha kukhala ndi zizindikiro zotsatirazi:

• kusanza kwambiri
• nseru
• kumva wosakhazikika kapena wokwiya
• kugwidwa
• mavuto mungoli wamtima

Ngati mukuganiza kuti mwamwa mankhwalawa mopitirira muyeso, itanani dokotala wanu kapena malo oletsa poyizoni kwanuko. Ngati matenda anu akukulira, itanani 911 kapena pitani kuchipatala chapafupi pomwepo.

Zomwe muyenera kuchita mukaphonya mlingo

Tengani mlingo wotsatira nthawi yomwe mumakonda. Osapanga mlingo wosowa.

Momwe mungadziwire ngati mankhwalawa akugwira ntchito

Mutha kupuma bwino.

Malingaliro ofunikira potenga theophylline

Pitirizani kuganizira izi ngati dokotala wanu akukupatsani theophylline kwa inu.

Zonse

• Imwani mapiritsiwo ndi chakudya. Komabe, musawatenge ndi chakudya chamafuta ambiri. Kutenga mlingo wanu pafupi kwambiri ndi chakudya chamafuta ambiri kumatha kukulitsa kuchuluka kwanu kwa theophylline ndikuyambitsa zovuta.
• Mutha kudula mapiritsi okhaokha.

Yosungirako

• Sungani theophylline kutentha kwapakati pakati pa 59 ° F ndi 86 ° F (15 ° C ndi 30 ° C).
• Sungani kutali ndi kutentha kwambiri.

Zowonjezeranso

Mankhwala a mankhwalawa amakonzanso. Simuyenera kusowa mankhwala atsopano kuti mudzazidwenso. Dokotala wanu adzalemba kuchuluka kwa mafuta obwezerezedwanso pamankhwala anu.

Kuyenda

Mukamayenda ndi mankhwala anu:

• Nthawi zonse muzinyamula mankhwala anu. Mukamauluka, musayikenso m'thumba lofufuzidwa. Sungani m'thumba lanu.
• Osadandaula za makina a X-ray pabwalo la ndege. Sangathe kuvulaza mankhwala anu.
• Mungafunike kuwonetsa ogwira ntchito ku eyapoti chizindikiro cha mankhwala anu. Nthawi zonse muzinyamula bokosi loyambirira lomwe muli nalo.
• Musayike mankhwalawa m'galimoto yamagolovu amgalimoto yanu kapena siyani m'galimoto. Onetsetsani kuti musachite izi nyengo ikatentha kapena kuzizira kwambiri.

Kudziyang'anira pawokha

Dokotala wanu atha kuyang'anira momwe mapapo anu amagwirira ntchito pogwiritsa ntchito mita yayitali kwambiri. Akuwonetsani momwe mungachitire izi. Angakufunseni kuti mulembe zisonyezo zanu.

Kuwunika kuchipatala

Dokotala wanu amatha kuyang'anira zovuta zina zathanzi. Izi zitha kuthandizira kuti mukhale otetezeka mukamamwa mankhwalawa. Izi zitha kuphatikiza:

• Magazi a Theophylline. Izi zidzakuthandizani dokotala kusankha ngati mukumwa mlingo woyenera. Dokotala wanu amayang'anira milingo iyi pakufunika. Zotsatira zidzatsimikizira ngati mukufuna mlingo wapamwamba kapena wotsika.

Kodi pali njira zina?

Palinso mankhwala ena omwe amapezeka kuti athetse vuto lanu. Ena akhoza kukuyenererani kuposa ena. Lankhulani ndi dokotala wanu za mankhwala ena omwe angakuthandizeni.

Chodzikanira: Healthaline yayesetsa kwambiri kuti zidziwitso zonse zikhale zolondola, zokwanira, komanso zaposachedwa. Komabe, nkhaniyi sikuyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito m'malo mwa chidziwitso ndi ukadaulo wa akatswiri pazachipatala. Muyenera kufunsa adotolo kapena akatswiri azaumoyo musanamwe mankhwala aliwonse. Zambiri zamankhwala zomwe zili pano zitha kusintha ndipo sizingapangidwe kuti zigwiritse ntchito, mayendedwe, zodzitetezera, machenjezo, kulumikizana ndi mankhwala, kusokonezeka, kapena zovuta zina. Kusapezeka kwa machenjezo kapena zidziwitso za mankhwala omwe apatsidwa sikuwonetsa kuti kuphatikiza mankhwala kapena mankhwalawa ndiwotetezeka, ogwira ntchito, komanso oyenera kwa odwala onse kapena ntchito zina zilizonse.