Tularemia

Zamkati

• Tularemia ndi chiyani?
• Kutumiza kwa anthu
• Mitundu ya tularemia ndi zizindikiro zawo
• Ulceroglandular tularemia
• Tularemia wamatenda
• Chibayo tularemia
• Oculoglandular tularemia
• Oropharyngeal tularemia
• Typhoidal tularemia
• Zovuta zina za tularemia
• Zomwe zimayambitsa tularemia
• Zowopsa za tularemia
• Kuzindikira tularemia
• Chithandizo cha tularemia
• Kupewa tularemia
• Maonekedwe a tularemia

Tularemia ndi chiyani?

Tularemia ndi matenda opatsirana omwe amapatsira nyama izi:

• makoswe amtchire
• agologolo
• mbalame
• akalulu

Matendawa amayamba chifukwa cha bakiteriya Francisella tularensis. Zitha kupha moyo.

Werengani kuti mudziwe momwe tularemia imafalikira kwa anthu, mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya matendawa ndi zizindikilo zawo, njira zamankhwala, ndi zina zambiri.

Kutumiza kwa anthu

Anthu amatha kutenga tularemia mwa kulumikizana mwachindunji ndi nyama yomwe ili ndi kachilombo kapena nkhuku, udzudzu, kapena kulumidwa ndi ntchentche.

Mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya tularemia imasiyanitsidwa ndi komwe mabakiteriya amalowa mthupi la munthu.

Matenda omwe amapezeka kwambiri amayamba chifukwa cha khungu ndi mabakiteriya. Matenda owopsa kwambiri amayamba chifukwa cha kupumira mabakiteriya.

Tularemia nthawi zambiri imachiritsidwa ndi maantibayotiki. Chithandizo choyambirira chimapereka chiyembekezo chabwino kuchira kwathunthu. Komabe, milandu yayikulu imatha kupha ngakhale atalandira chithandizo.

Tularemia ndi osowa. Nthawi zambiri pamakhala milandu yatsopano 100 mpaka 200 ku United States chaka chilichonse.

Mitundu ya tularemia ndi zizindikiro zawo

Zizindikiro za tularemia zimatha kusiyanasiyana, kuyambira asymptomatic kapena wofatsa mpaka kuwopseza moyo. Zizindikiro zimapezeka mkati mwa masiku atatu kapena asanu mutapatsidwa kachilomboka, koma nthawi zina zimatha kutenga milungu iwiri kuti ziwonekere.

Zizindikiro zimasiyananso kutengera komwe mabakiteriya amalowa mthupi la munthu. Nawa ena mwa mitundu ya tularemia ndi zomwe zimayambitsa.

Ulceroglandular tularemia

Zizindikiro za ulceroglandular tularemia, kapena matenda kudzera pakhungu, atha kuphatikiza:

• Zilonda zam'mimba zikagwirizana ndi nyama yomwe ili ndi kachilomboka kapena pamalo olumirako
• zotupa zam'mimba pafupi ndi zilonda zam'mimba (nthawi zambiri pamphumi kapena kubuula)
• mutu wopweteka kwambiri
• malungo
• kuzizira
• kutopa

Tularemia wamatenda

Zizindikiro za glandular tularemia, kapena matenda kudzera pakhungu, ndizofanana ndi zilonda zam'mimba koma zopanda zilonda pakhungu.

Chibayo tularemia

Pneumonic tularemia ndiye matenda oopsa kwambiri. Imafalikira kudzera kupuma. Zizindikirozi zitha kuphatikiza:

• chifuwa chowuma
• kupuma movutikira
• malungo akulu
• kupweteka pachifuwa

Oculoglandular tularemia

Zizindikiro za oculoglandular tularemia, kapena matenda amaso, atha kuphatikiza:

• Kukhumudwa kwa diso
• kupweteka kwa diso
• kutupa kwa diso
• kutuluka kapena kufiira kwa diso
• chilonda mkatikati mwa chikope
• zotupa zam'mimba kuseri kwa khutu

Oropharyngeal tularemia

Zizindikiro za oropharyngeal tularemia, kapena matenda kudzera pakumeza mabakiteriya, atha kuphatikiza:

• zilonda zapakhosi
• zilonda mkamwa
• zotupa zam'mimba zotupa pakhosi
• zilonda zapakhosi, kapena zilonda zotupa
• kusanza
• kutsegula m'mimba

Typhoidal tularemia

Zizindikiro za matenda osowa kwambiri, typhoidal tularemia, atha kukhala:

• malungo akulu kwambiri
• kutopa kwambiri
• kutsegula m'mimba
• kusanza

Typhoidal tularemia imatha kubweretsa chibayo ndi chiwindi chokulitsa ndi nthenda.

Zovuta zina za tularemia

Matenda oopsa komanso osasankhidwa a tularemia atha kubweretsa zovuta izi:

• kulephera kwa mtima
• Kutupa kwa nembanemba komwe kumazungulira ubongo wanu ndi msana, komwe kumatchedwa meningitis
• imfa

Zomwe zimayambitsa tularemia

Bakiteriya Francisella tularensis zimayambitsa tularemia. Zolengedwa zomwe zimatha kunyamula mabakiteriya ndi monga:

• kalulu ndi nkhupakupa nkhupakupa
• agulugufe
• hares
• akalulu
• makoswe
• ziweto zomwe zimapita panja

Ndi mtundu wanji wa tularemia womwe mumapanga umadalira momwe mabakiteriya amalowera m'thupi lanu.

Kuwonekera pakhungu ndiye mtundu wofala kwambiri wamatendawa. Kutulutsa mpweya kudzera m'mapapu ndiye njira yovuta kwambiri ya tularemia.

Ngati sangachiritsidwe, mitundu ina ya matendawa imatha kufikira mbali zotsatirazi za thupi:

• mapapo
• msana
• ubongo
• mtima

Matendawa amatha kuyambitsa mavuto ena ndipo nthawi zina amafa.

Njira zolowera ndi mitundu ya tularemia ndi izi:

• Kuwonetseredwa pakhungu kumayambitsa tularemia wamatenda kapena ulceroglandular.
• Kutsegula mpweya wa mabakiteriya othamangitsidwa m'mlengalenga kumayambitsa chibayo tularemia.
• Kuwonetseredwa kudzera m'maso kumayambitsa oculoglandular tularemia.
• Kuyamwa kumayambitsa oropharyngeal tularemia.
• Matenda a systemic (omwe amakhudza thupi lonse) amayambitsa typhoidal tularemia.

Zowopsa za tularemia

Nyama zimakhala ndi mabakiteriya omwe amayambitsa tularemia. Muli pachiwopsezo chachikulu chotenga matendawa ngati mumakumana pafupipafupi ndi nyama.

Anthu omwe ali pachiwopsezo chachikulu cha tularemia ndi omwe:

• gwirani ntchito limodzi ndi nyama, monga akatswiri azachipatala, osunga malo osungira nyama, komanso oyang'anira malo osungira nyama
• amakhala m'malo okhala ndi nkhalango zowirira kwambiri
• kugwira ntchito ndi nyama zakufa, monga alenje, okhometsa msonkho, komanso ophika nyama
• kugwira ntchito yokonza dimba ndi kukongoletsa malo

Kuzindikira tularemia

Kuzindikira tularemia sikophweka chifukwa nthawi zambiri kumatha kuwoneka ngati matenda ena. Njira zosiyanasiyana zolowera ku bakiteriya ndizovuta.

Dokotala wanu ayenera kudalira kwambiri mbiri yanu komanso yamankhwala kuti akuthandizeni kukudziwani.

Dokotala wanu akhoza kukayikira tularemia ngati mwakhala ndi maulendo aposachedwa, kulumidwa ndi tizilombo, kapena kulumikizana ndi nyama. Akhozanso kukayikira kuti muli ndi matendawa ngati muli ndi matenda aakulu omwe amalepheretsa chitetezo chanu chamthupi, monga khansa kapena HIV.

Dokotala wanu amatha kugwiritsa ntchito mayeso a serology kuti adziwe tularemia. Kuyesaku kumayang'ana ma antibodies omwe thupi lanu lapanga kuti muthane ndi matendawa.

Chifukwa kuyesa koyambirira sikungapeze ma antibodies nthawi zonse, adotolo angafunenso kuti atolere zitsanzo ku labu. Zitsanzo zitha kuchotsedwa:

• khungu
• ma lymph node
• madzi amadzimadzi (madzimadzi ochokera m'chifuwa)
• madzimadzi a msana

Chithandizo cha tularemia

Matenda onse a tularemia amathandizidwa molingana ndi mawonekedwe ake komanso kuuma kwake. Kuzindikira koyambirira kumathandizira kulandira chithandizo mwachangu ndi maantibayotiki.

Maantibayotiki omwe angagwiritsidwe ntchito pochizira tularemia ndi awa:

• ciprofloxacin (Cipro)
• doxycycline (Doryx)
• alireza
• mphukira

Kuchita opaleshoni kungafunikire kukhetsa ma lymph node otupa kapena kuchotsa minofu yomwe ili ndi zilonda pakhungu. Muthanso kupatsidwa mankhwala a malungo kapena mutu.

Kupewa tularemia

Kupewa kumaphatikizapo kutenga njira zodzitetezera. Mabakiteriya amakula bwino mumadothi.Kuphulika kwa matendawa kwachitika maphwando osaka nyama pomwe alenje adalephera kugwiritsa ntchito njira zotsukira mosamala ndikuwononga katundu wawo.

Kuti musambe bwino nyama mukamasaka, muyenera kutsatira izi:

• Osakopa kapena kuvala (chotsani ziwalo za) nyama iliyonse yomwe ikuwoneka kuti ikudwala.
• Valani magolovesi ndi magalasi ogwiritsira ntchito nyama iliyonse.
• Sambani m'manja mosamala mukamagwira nyama.
• Phikani nyama bwinobwino.

Nawa maupangiri ochepa ochepetsa chiopsezo chanu chokhala ndi tularemia:

• Valani mathalauza ataliatali ndi mikono m'nkhalango kuti muteteze kulumidwa ndi nkhupakupa.
• Sungani zotsalira zanyama kutali ndi chakudya kapena madzi.
• Pewani kumwa madzi kuchokera kunyanja kapena m'mayiwe.
• Tetezani ziweto zanu zakunja ndi utitiri ndi mankhwala a nkhupakupa.
• Gwiritsani ntchito mankhwala othamangitsira tizilombo.

Tularemia imasinthidwa mosavuta. Chifukwa cha izi, atha kukhala wothandizira bioterrorism malinga ndi. Komabe, mumakhala ndi kachilombo kakang'ono chifukwa chokhudzana ndi nyama.

Muyenera kulankhula ndi dokotala nthawi yomweyo ngati mukuganiza kuti mutha kukhala ndi tularemia.

Maonekedwe a tularemia

Maganizo anu a tularemia amatengera kukula kwa vutoli komanso momwe mumayambira kulandira chithandizo mwachangu. Kuchipatala kumakhala kofala nthawi zambiri.

Ngati mukuganiza kuti muli ndi tularemia, pitani kuchipatala nthawi yomweyo. Kuchedwa kwazidziwitso kumayambitsa kukulira kwa zizindikilo.