Mkuntho

Zamkati

• Zizindikiro zake ndi ziti?
• Kodi zimayambitsa ndi zoopsa ziti?
• Kodi zitha kupewedwa?
• Samalani ndi zomwe mumamwa
• Yang'anani zomwe mumadya
• Khalani aukhondo
• Nanga bwanji katemera wa typhoid?
• Kodi typhoid imathandizidwa bwanji?
• Maganizo ake ndi otani?

Chidule

Matenda a typhoid ndi matenda obwera chifukwa cha bakiteriya omwe amafalikira mosavuta kudzera m'madzi ndi chakudya chowonongeka. Pamodzi ndi kutentha thupi kwambiri, kumatha kupweteketsa m'mimba, komanso kusowa kwa njala.

Ndi chithandizo, anthu ambiri amachira kwathunthu. Koma typhoid yosachiritsidwa imatha kubweretsa zovuta zowononga moyo.

Zizindikiro zake ndi ziti?

Zitha kutenga sabata kapena awiri mutadwala kuti zizindikiritso ziwonekere. Zina mwa zizindikirozi ndi izi:

• malungo akulu
• kufooka
• kupweteka m'mimba
• mutu
• kusowa chakudya
• zidzolo
• kutopa
• chisokonezo
• kudzimbidwa, kutsegula m'mimba

Zovuta zazikulu ndizosowa, koma zimatha kuphatikizira m'mimba m'mimba kapena zotupa m'matumbo. Izi zitha kupangitsa kuti magazi asokonezeke (sepsis). Zizindikiro zake zimaphatikizapo kunyoza, kusanza, komanso kupweteka m'mimba.

Zovuta zina ndi izi:

• chibayo
• impso kapena matenda a chikhodzodzo
• kapamba
• myocarditis
• matenda opatsirana
• meninjaitisi
• delirium, kuyerekezera zinthu m`maganizo, kuyerekezera kwamatsenga

Ngati muli ndi izi, uzani dokotala wanu za maulendo aposachedwa kunja kwa dziko.

Kodi zimayambitsa ndi zoopsa ziti?

Typhoid imayambitsidwa ndi mabakiteriya otchedwa Salmonella typhi (S. typhi). Si bakiteriya yemweyo yomwe imayambitsa matenda obwera chifukwa cha chakudya Salmonella.

Njira yake yayikulu yotumizira ndimayendedwe am'kamwa, omwe amafalikira m'madzi kapena chakudya chodetsedwa. Itha kupitiliranso kudzera pakukhudzana mwachindunji ndi munthu yemwe ali ndi kachilomboka.

Kuphatikiza apo, pali anthu ochepa omwe amachira koma amanyamula S. typhi. "Zonyamula" izi zitha kupatsira ena.

Madera ena ali ndi vuto la typhoid. Izi zikuphatikizapo Africa, India, South America, ndi Southeast Asia.

Padziko lonse lapansi, malungo a typhoid amakhudza anthu opitilira 26 miliyoni pachaka. United States ili ndi milandu pafupifupi 300 pachaka.

Kodi zitha kupewedwa?

Mukamapita kumayiko omwe ali ndi vuto la typhoid, zimathandiza kutsatira malangizo awa:

Samalani ndi zomwe mumamwa

• osamwa kuchokera pampopi kapena pachitsime
• pewani madzi oundana, popsicles, kapena zakumwa za kasupe pokhapokha mutatsimikiza kuti amapangidwa kuchokera kumadzi am'mabotolo kapena owiritsa
• gulani zakumwa zam'mabotolo ngati zingatheke (madzi a kaboni ndiotetezeka kuposa omwe alibe kaboni, onetsetsani kuti mabotolo amatsekedwa mwamphamvu)
• madzi opanda mabotolo ayenera kuwiritsa kwa mphindi imodzi asanamwe
• ndibwino kumwa mkaka wosakanizidwa, tiyi wotentha, ndi khofi wotentha

Yang'anani zomwe mumadya

• musadye zokolola zosaphika pokhapokha mutadzisenda nokha mutasamba m'manja
• musadye chakudya kuchokera kwa ogulitsa mumsewu
• musadye nyama kapena nsomba yaiwisi kapena yosowa, zakudya ziyenera kuphikidwa bwino ndipo zikhale zotenthedwa mukaziphika
• idyani zakudya zopangidwa ndi mkaka zokhazokha ndi mazira ophika kwambiri
• pewani masaladi ndi zonunkhira zopangidwa kuchokera kuzipangizo zatsopano
• musadye nyama zakutchire

Khalani aukhondo

• Sambani m'manja nthawi zambiri, makamaka mukatha kusamba komanso musanakhudze chakudya (gwiritsirani ntchito sopo ndi madzi ngati alipo, ngati sichoncho, gwiritsani ntchito zochapa m'manja zokhala ndi mowa osachepera 60%)
• musakhudze nkhope yanu pokhapokha mutangosamba m'manja
• pewani kukhudzana mwachindunji ndi anthu omwe akudwala
• ngati mukudwala, pewani anthu ena, sambani m'manja nthawi zambiri, ndipo musakonze kapena kupereka chakudya

Nanga bwanji katemera wa typhoid?

Kwa anthu ambiri athanzi, katemera wa typhoid sikofunikira. Koma dokotala akhoza kukulangizani chimodzi ngati muli:

• wonyamula
• polumikizana kwambiri ndi wonyamula
• kupita kudziko lomwe typhoid imafala
• wogwira ntchito labotale yemwe angakumane naye S. typhi

Katemera wa typhoid ndiwothandiza ndipo amabwera m'njira ziwiri:

• Katemera wa typhoid wosagwira. Katemerayu ndi jakisoni wa mlingo umodzi. Si za ana ochepera zaka ziwiri ndipo zimatenga pafupifupi milungu iwiri kuti agwire ntchito. Mutha kukhala ndi chiwongola dzanja zaka ziwiri zilizonse.
• Katemera wamatenda wamatenda amoyo. Katemerayu si wa ana ochepera zaka sikisi. Ndi katemera wapakamwa woperekedwa m'mayeso anayi, patatha masiku awiri. Zimatenga pafupifupi sabata pambuyo pa mlingo womaliza kugwira ntchito. Mutha kukhala ndi chilimbikitso zaka zisanu zilizonse.

Kodi typhoid imathandizidwa bwanji?

Kuyezetsa magazi kumatha kutsimikizira kupezeka kwa S. typhi. Typhoid imachiritsidwa ndi maantibayotiki monga azithromycin, ceftriaxone, ndi fluoroquinolones.

Ndikofunika kumwa maantibayotiki onse monga mwauzidwa, ngakhale mutakhala bwino. Chikhalidwe chopondapo chimatha kudziwa ngati mukuyendabe S. typhi.

Maganizo ake ndi otani?

Popanda chithandizo, typhoid imatha kubweretsa zovuta zowopsa. Padziko lonse lapansi, anthu pafupifupi 200,000 amafa chifukwa cha typhoid pachaka.

Ndi chithandizo, anthu ambiri amayamba kusintha mkati mwa masiku atatu kapena asanu. Pafupifupi aliyense amene amalandira chithandizo mwachangu amachira bwino.